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ZAnnotate

ZAnnotate is a Go utility that facilitates annotating large datasets with network metadata. Right now this includes:

  • Maxmind GeoIP2
  • AS/Routing Data (based on an MRT routing table)
  • IPInfo.io ASN and Geolocation data

For example, you can add Maxmind geolocation data to a list of IPs:

cat ips.csv | zannotate --geoip2 --geoip2-database=geoip2.mmdb

Installation

ZAnnotate can be installed using make install

make install

or if you don't have make installed, you can use the following command:

cd cmd/zannotate && go install

Either way, this will install the zannotate binary in your $GOPATH/bin directory.

Check that it was installed correctly with:

zannotate --help

Acquiring Datasets

Note

URLs and instructions may change over time. These are up-to-date as of September 2025.

Below are instructions for getting datasets from the below providers.

MaxMind GeoIP ASN and City (Formerly GeoIP2)

MaxMind provides datasets for IP geolocation and ASN data in both a free (GeoLite) and paid (GeoIP) version. Additionally, both the GeoLite and GeoIP datasets come in two access patterns - a downloadable database file that can be queried locally and a web API. The GeoIP module in ZAnnotate supports the local database in both GeoLite and GeoIP versions.

The following assumes you want to use the free GeoLite datasets, but the process is similar for the paid GeoIP data.

  1. Sign-up form for MaxMind GeoLite Access
  2. Login to your account
  3. Go to the "GeoIP / GeoLite" > "Download files" section and download the zip files for either GeoLite ASN or GeoLite City datasets.

GeoLite Download Page

  1. Unzip, place the .mmdb files somewhere and test with the below.

MaxMind GeoIP City

echo "171.67.71.209" | ./zannotate --geoip2 --geoip2-database=./path-to-geolite2.mmdb
{"ip":"171.67.71.209","geoip2":{"city":{"name":"Vallejo","id":5405380},"country":{"name":"United States","code":"US","id":6252001},"continent":{"name":"North America","code":"NA","id":6255149},"postal":{"code":"94590"},"latlong":{"accuracy_radius":50,"latitude":38.1043,"longitude":-122.2442,"metro_code":807,"time_zone":"America/Los_Angeles"},"represented_country":{},"registered_country":{"name":"United States","code":"US","id":6252001},"metadata":{}}}

MaxMind GeoLite ASN

 echo "171.67.71.209" | ./zannotate --geoasn --geoasn-database=/path-to-asn-file.mmdb 
{"ip":"171.67.71.209","geoasn":{"asn":32,"org":"STANFORD"}}

BGP Routing Tables

  1. Go to https://archive.routeviews.org/route-views2/bgpdata/
  2. Select a month directory (e.g. 2025.09)
  3. Select the RIBS/ directory
  4. Download a BZiped MRT file (e.g. rib.20250923.1200.bz2)
  5. Unzip the file with:
bzip2 -d ./path-to-downloaded-file/rib.20250923.1200.bz2
  1. Test with:
echo "1.1.1.1" | ./zannotate --routing --routing-mrt-file=/tmp/rib.20250923.1200
{"ip":"1.1.1.1","routing":{"prefix":"1.1.1.0/24","asn":13335,"path":[3561,209,3356,13335]}}

IPInfo.io

IPInfo.io provides a free dataset that includes ASN and geolocation data, scoped to the country level. Paid tiers provide more granular geo-location data.

  1. Sign up for a free account at IPInfo.io.
  2. Navigate to the Data Download page
  3. Download the mmdb file IPInfo Download Page
  4. Example CLI usage
echo "1.1.1.1" | ./zannotate --ipinfo --ipinfo-database=./path-to-ipinfo-db.mmdb
{"ip":"1.1.1.1","ipinfo":{"country":"Australia","country_code":"AU","continent":"Oceania","continent_code":"OC","asn":"AS13335","as_name":"Cloudflare, Inc.","as_domain":"cloudflare.com"}}

Spur IP Enrichment + Intelligence

spur.us provides per‑IP intelligence such as ASN and organization, infrastructure classification (e.g., datacenter, CDN, mobile), and geolocation metadata. We can query spur.us alongside other sources to enrich annotations and help identify datacenter/Anycast deployments, CDNs, and ISP ownership.

  1. You'll need an API key from Spur to enable ZAnnotate to enrich IPs with their dataset as we'll need to make an API request for each IP address to be enriched. Depending on current pricing, you may need to sign up for a paid account. Check out spur.us/pricing for more details.
  2. Once you have an API key, set it as an environment variable in your current shell session:
export SPUR_API_KEY=your_api_key_here

(If you want to make this permanent, add the above line to your shell profile, e.g. ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc) 2. Test with:

$ echo "1.1.1.1" | ./zannotate --spur

Example Output:

{"ip":"1.1.1.1","spur":{"as":{"number":13335,"organization":"Cloudflare, Inc."},"infrastructure":"DATACENTER","ip":"1.1.1.1","location":{"city":"Anycast","country":"ZZ","state":"Anycast"},"organization":"Taguchi Digital Marketing System"}}

Greynoise Psychic

Greynoise is an IP intelligence feed that provides metadata like threat classification and associated CVE's. Their Psychic data downloads provide their data feed in a database suitable for offline data enrichment. To use their download with zannotate, you'll want to download an .mmdb formatted file using your GreyNoise API key. As of April 2026, signing up with a free account gives access to data downloads.

  1. Sign up for a free GreyNoise account here.
  2. Copy API key from the appropriate section of your account.
  3. Download a mmdb file. Details on download parameters (The below command is for downloading data for a single date - April 7th, 2026 - you can also download data for a range of days and for models of various levels of detail. See GreyNoise's Psychic documentation for more details.
curl -H "key: GREYNOISE_API_KEY_HERE" \
           https://psychic.labs.greynoise.io/v1/psychic/download/2026-04-07/3/mmdb \
           -o /tmp/m3.mmdb
  1. Test GreyNoise data enrichment:

Note

The below examples are using the exact data download from the above curl command. What results you see will depend on the data downloaded.

echo "14.1.105.157" | zannotate --greynoise --greynoise-database=/tmp/m3.mmdb  

Example Output:

{"greynoise":{"classification":"malicious","cves":["CVE-2015-2051","CVE-2016-20016","CVE-2018-10561","CVE-2018-10562","CVE-2016-6277","CVE-2024-12847"],"date":"2026-04-07","handshake_complete":true,"last_seen":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","seen":true,"tags":["Mirai TCP Scanner","Mirai","Telnet Protocol","Generic IoT Default Password Attempt","Web Crawler","Generic Suspicious Linux Command in Request","HNAP Crawler","Telnet Login Attempt","D-Link Devices HNAP SOAPAction Header RCE Attempt","MVPower CCTV DVR RCE CVE-2016-20016 Attempt","JAWS Webserver RCE","GPON CVE-2018-10561 Router Worm","Generic ${IFS} Use in RCE Attempt","CCTV-DVR RCE","NETGEAR Command Injection CVE-2016-6277","NETGEAR DGN setup.cgi CVE-2024-12847 Command Execution Attempt","CGI Script Scanner"],"actor":"unknown"},"ip":"14.1.105.157"}

Note that many IPs will not be in the GreyNoise dataset, so you may see output like the following:

echo "1.1.1.1" | zannotate --greynoise --greynoise-database=/tmp/m3.mmdb  
{"ip":"1.1.1.1","greynoise":null}

Input/Output

Output

By default, ZAnnotate reads new-line delimited IP addresses from standard input and outputs a JSON object per line to standard output like:

echo "1.1.1.1" | zannotate --rdns --geoasn --geoasn-database=/path-to-geo-asn.mmdb
{"ip":"1.1.1.1","geoasn":{"asn":13335,"org":"CLOUDFLARENET"},"rdns":{"domain_names":["one.one.one.one"]}}

If an IP address cannot be annotated, either because of an error or lack of data, there will be an empty field for that annotation. For example, if an IP address is private and therefore has no RDNS or ASN data, the output will look like:

echo "127.0.0.1" | zannotate --rdns --geoasn --geoasn-database=/path-to-geo-asn.mmdb
{"geoasn":{},"rdns":{},"ip":"127.0.0.1"}

Censys

Censys provides internet-wide host and network data, including information on what services are running on an IP, what TLS certificates it has, and more. They offer a free tier that allows for a limited number of queries per month, which can be used to enrich IP annotations with Censys data.

Note: The free account (as of April 2026) allows a single concurrent request and 100 requests per month. Once you've used all your credits, the censys: annotation will be empty for any following IPs until your credits refill the following month.

  1. Create an account at Censys.io and get a Personal Access Token (PAT) from the Personal Settings > Personal Access Tokens section.

Note

Censys's free tier allows for a single concurrent request. Therefore you wouldn't want to modify the --censys-threads flag unless you pay for a higher tier and can then set it accordingly.

  1. Annotate with Censys data:
echo "8.8.8.8" | zannotate --censys --censys-pat="CENSYS_PAT_HERE"   
{"ip":"8.8.8.8","censys":{"result":{"resource":{"whois":{"network":{"name":"Google LLC","cidrs":["8.8.8.0/24"],"created":"2023-12-28T00:00:00Z","updated":"2023-12-28T00:00:00Z","allocation_type":"ALLOCATION","handle":"GOGL"},"organization":{"state":"CA","postal_code":"94043","country":"US","tech_contacts":[{"handle":"ZG39-ARIN","name":"Google LLC","email":"arin-contact@google.com"}],"handle":"GOGL","street":"1600 Amphitheatre Parkway","abuse_contacts":[{"handle":"ABUSE5250-ARIN","name":"Abuse","email":"network-abuse@google.com"}],"admin_contacts":[{"handle":"ZG39-ARIN","name":"Google LLC","email":"arin-contact@google.com"}],"name":"Google LLC","city":"Mountain View"}},"services":[{"port":53,"protocol":"DNS","transport_protocol":"udp","ip":"8.8.8.8","scan_time":"2026-04-10T02:55:53Z","dns":{"server_type":"forwarding","resolves_correctly":true,"answers":[{"name":"ip.parrotdns.com.","response":"35.202.119.40","type":"a"},{"name":"ip.parrotdns.com.","response":"74.125.183.150","type":"a"}],"questions":[{"name":"ip.parrotdns.com.","response":";ip.parrotdns.com.\tIN\t A","type":"a"}],"edns":{"do":true,"udp":512},"r_code":"success"}},{"transport_protocol":"quic","ip":"8.8.8.8","scan_time":"2026-04-09T23:36:58Z","port":443,"protocol":"UNKNOWN"},{"scan_time":"2026-04-10T03:23:08Z","tls":{"fingerprint_sha256":"a766f314fb869eae5d9ac17603c02aba415dc80f00a7dbbccf7ec0d3ad18142c","presented_chain":[{"fingerprint_sha256":"e6fe22bf45e4f0d3b85c59e02c0f495418e1eb8d3210f788d48cd5e1cb547cd4","subject_dn":"C=US, O=Google Trust Services, CN=WR2","issuer_dn":"C=US, O=Google Trust Services LLC, CN=GTS Root R1"},{"fingerprint_sha256":"3ee0278df71fa3c125c4cd487f01d774694e6fc57e0cd94c24efd769133918e5","subject_dn":"C=US, O=Google Trust Services LLC, CN=GTS Root R1","issuer_dn":"C=BE, O=GlobalSign nv-sa, OU=Root CA, CN=GlobalSign Root CA"}]},"endpoints":[{"hostname":"8.8.8.8","port":443,"path":"/","endpoint_type":"HTTP","transport_protocol":"tcp","scan_time":"2026-04-10T03:23:08Z","http":{"headers":{"Access-Control-Allow-Origin":{"headers":["*"]},"Content-Length":{"headers":["216"]},"Content-Type":{"headers":["text/html; charset=UTF-8"]},"Location":{"headers":["https://dns.google/"]},"X-XSS-Protection":{"headers":["0"]},"Alt-Svc":{"headers":["h3=\":443\"; ma=2592000,h3-29=\":443\"; ma=2592000"]},"Date":{"headers":["\u003cREDACTED\u003e"]},"Server":{"headers":["HTTP server (unknown)"]},"X-Content-Type-Options":{"headers":["nosniff"]},"X-Frame-Options":{"headers":["SAMEORIGIN"]}},"html_tags":["\u003cTITLE\u003e302 Moved\u003c/TITLE\u003e","\u003cmeta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text/html;charset=utf-8\"\u003e"],"html_title":"302 Moved","supported_versions":["HTTP/1.1","HTTP/2"],"redirect_chain":[{"reason":"HTTP_3XX","scheme":"https","hostname":"dns.google","port":443,"transport_protocol":"tcp","path":"/"}],"protocol":"HTTP/1.1","body_size":216,"body":"\u003cHTML\u003e\u003cHEAD\u003e\u003cmeta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text/html;charset=utf-8\"\u003e\n\u003cTITLE\u003e302 Moved\u003c/TITLE\u003e\u003c/HEAD\u003e\u003cBODY\u003e\n\u003cH1\u003e302 Moved\u003c/H1\u003e\nThe document has moved\n\u003cA HREF=\"https://dns.google/\"\u003ehere\u003c/A\u003e.\r\n\u003c/BODY\u003e\u003c/HTML\u003e\r\n","body_hash_sha256":"4d2df97f002e1d1905cf64366eddaa9a57f2f99b3cc7101c3bebff18428ed894","body_hash_sha1":"1fd84b37b709256752fe1f865f86b5bec05cf712","uri":"https://8.8.8.8/","status_code":302,"status_reason":"Found"},"ip":"8.8.8.8"}],"port":443,"protocol":"HTTP","transport_protocol":"tcp","cert":{"spki_fingerprint_sha256":"8b7b8516c3e2fc92c6f3e5bc09acfa2f7167da932f56feccebb46e3423819335","parsed":{"version":3,"serial_number":"196021321340889868047382337029571940953","issuer_dn":"C=US, O=Google Trust Services, 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Services"]},"subject_key_info":{"key_algorithm":{"oid":"1.2.840.113549.1.1.1","name":"RSA"},"rsa":{"length":2048,"exponent":65537,"modulus":"cd8b665690aeafaf746bd79ac03ea211b56ea6abc6225934cf52060b274fc240288d408803e1c657fb607e44f8f099b149aee462ea27f8373d0bf42d3a4e95f54a873be56f51ceea712331b3b08e43c98abb20bb77216a9afac6ff5dc05ca1ad636689fd4c7e1c654bf7fcf36e26a6317686b8f6a0ee8392a5e5c5118a9d4a84a1767425f9f75574676d17f589d6b070abd90a794f407e44f6b1e13d38d66029129f40c3adfdedddd375b7d5717b5de77412262bfecbb26946193d2054eb216baab47536f711f15e3187668f2ec8ee01ee7e4c8061a6d2996d2e1d8ca5b32db97c0ec9d89834aac64e5c317e37f8df4274114c09a8b777be36d4b66c628987c9"},"fingerprint_sha256":"30e96aa0b7e1278efc3755d03ad3e9284ae673ed94fac81847140682b6a868bd"},"validity_period":{"not_before":"2026-03-16T08:39:59Z","not_after":"2026-06-08T08:39:58Z","length_seconds":7257600}},"validation_level":"dv","parse_status":"success","fingerprint_md5":"c6bf716b5eadfa866d9799242e5985b9","ct":{"entries":{"trustasia_log_2026_b":{"added_to_ct_at":"2026-03-31T15:14:43Z","ct_to_censys_at":"2026-03-31T15:25:41Z","index":1207176426},"google_argon_2026_h1":{"ct_to_censys_at":"2026-03-31T15:19:30Z","index":2742627595,"added_to_ct_at":"2026-03-31T15:14:42Z"},"letsencrypt_ct_willow_2026_h1":{"index":909009584,"added_to_ct_at":"2026-03-31T16:16:20Z","ct_to_censys_at":"2026-03-31T16:25:33Z"},"sectigo_elephant_2026_h1":{"index":1994983495,"added_to_ct_at":"2026-03-31T15:14:42Z","ct_to_censys_at":"2026-03-31T15:18:21Z"},"trustasia_log_2026_a":{"index":1186766901,"added_to_ct_at":"2026-03-31T15:14:45Z","ct_to_censys_at":"2026-03-31T15:25:49Z"},"cloudflare_nimbus_2026":{"index":3554816787,"added_to_ct_at":"2026-04-09T09:26:12Z","ct_to_censys_at":"2026-04-09T10:16:18Z"},"google_xenon_2026_h1":{"index":2479660224,"added_to_ct_at":"2026-03-31T15:14:42Z","ct_to_censys_at":"2026-03-31T15:25:49Z"},"letsencrypt_ct_sycamore_2026_h1":{"added_to_ct_at":"2026-03-31T16:16:12Z","ct_to_censys_at":"2026-03-31T16:26:41Z","index":906566715},"sectigo_tiger_2026_h1":{"index":1934427065,"added_to_ct_at":"2026-03-31T15:14:42Z","ct_to_censys_at":"2026-03-31T15:23:32Z"}}},"parent_spki_subject_fingerprint_sha256":"95b148afc4c249d314067527813d43973574f8e11a905040c881510026ae74f9","fingerprint_sha1":"a98e2d29813e7c927338d3e7b2a454fa498516ee","parent_spki_fingerprint_sha256":"95b148afc4c249d314067527813d43973574f8e11a905040c881510026ae74f9","modified_at":"2026-04-09T10:16:19Z","spki_subject_fingerprint_sha256":"8b7b8516c3e2fc92c6f3e5bc09acfa2f7167da932f56feccebb46e3423819335","fingerprint_sha256":"a766f314fb869eae5d9ac17603c02aba415dc80f00a7dbbccf7ec0d3ad18142c","tbs_no_ct_fingerprint_sha256":"3f4f4d4b4a89bd77b293ec8e4f65144d949cc6a581eb0902e298154cfb439853","names":["*.dns.google.com","8.8.4.4","8.8.8.53","8.8.8.8","8888.google","dns.google","dns.google.com","dns64.dns.google"],"validation":{"nss":{"chains":[{"sha256fp":["e6fe22bf45e4f0d3b85c59e02c0f495418e1eb8d3210f788d48cd5e1cb547cd4","d947432abde7b7fa90fc2e6b59101b1280e0e1c7e4e40fa3c6887fff57a7f4cf"]},{"sha256fp":["e6fe22bf45e4f0d3b85c59e02c0f495418e1eb8d3210f788d48cd5e1cb547cd4","3ee0278df71fa3c125c4cd487f01d774694e6fc57e0cd94c24efd769133918e5","ebd41040e4bb3ec742c9e381d31ef2a41a48b6685c96e7cef3c1df6cd4331c99"]}],"parents":["e6fe22bf45e4f0d3b85c59e02c0f495418e1eb8d3210f788d48cd5e1cb547cd4"],"type":"leaf","is_valid":true,"ever_valid":true,"has_trusted_path":true,"had_trusted_path":true},"microsoft":{"parents":["e6fe22bf45e4f0d3b85c59e02c0f495418e1eb8d3210f788d48cd5e1cb547cd4"],"type":"leaf","is_valid":true,"ever_valid":true,"has_trusted_path":true,"had_trusted_path":true,"chains":[{"sha256fp":["e6fe22bf45e4f0d3b85c59e02c0f495418e1eb8d3210f788d48cd5e1cb547cd4","2a575471e31340bc21581cbd2cf13e158463203ece94bcf9d3cc196bf09a5472"]},{"sha256fp":["e6fe22bf45e4f0d3b85c59e02c0f495418e1eb8d3210f788d48cd5e1cb547cd4","d947432abde7b7fa90fc2e6b59101b1280e0e1c7e4e40fa3c6887fff57a7f4cf"]},{"sha256fp":["e6fe22bf45e4f0d3b85c59e02c0f495418e1eb8d3210f788d48cd5e1cb547cd4","3ee0278df71fa3c125c4cd487f01d774694e6fc57e0cd94c24efd769133918e5","ebd41040e4bb3ec742c9e381d31ef2a41a48b6685c96e7cef3c1df6cd4331c99"]}]},"apple":{"type":"leaf","is_valid":true,"ever_valid":true,"has_trusted_path":true,"had_trusted_path":true,"chains":[{"sha256fp":["e6fe22bf45e4f0d3b85c59e02c0f495418e1eb8d3210f788d48cd5e1cb547cd4","d947432abde7b7fa90fc2e6b59101b1280e0e1c7e4e40fa3c6887fff57a7f4cf"]},{"sha256fp":["e6fe22bf45e4f0d3b85c59e02c0f495418e1eb8d3210f788d48cd5e1cb547cd4","3ee0278df71fa3c125c4cd487f01d774694e6fc57e0cd94c24efd769133918e5","ebd41040e4bb3ec742c9e381d31ef2a41a48b6685c96e7cef3c1df6cd4331c99"]}],"parents":["e6fe22bf45e4f0d3b85c59e02c0f495418e1eb8d3210f788d48cd5e1cb547cd4"]},"chrome":{"has_trusted_path":true,"had_trusted_path":true,"chains":[{"sha256fp":["e6fe22bf45e4f0d3b85c59e02c0f495418e1eb8d3210f788d48cd5e1cb547cd4","d947432abde7b7fa90fc2e6b59101b1280e0e1c7e4e40fa3c6887fff57a7f4cf"]}],"parents":["e6fe22bf45e4f0d3b85c59e02c0f495418e1eb8d3210f788d48cd5e1cb547cd4"],"type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America","country":"United States","country_code":"US","city":"Mountain View","postal_code":"94043","timezone":"America/Los_Angeles"},"autonomous_system":{"name":"GOOGLE - Google LLC","country_code":"US","asn":15169,"description":"GOOGLE - Google LLC","bgp_prefix":"8.8.8.0/24"}},"extensions":{}}}}

Input

New-line Separated IPs

By default, ZAnnotate expects new-line delimited IP addresses on standard input. For example:

printf "1.1.1.1\n8.8.8.8" | zannotate --rdns
{"ip":"1.1.1.1","rdns":{"domain_names":["one.one.one.one"]}}
{"ip":"8.8.8.8","rdns":{"domain_names":["dns.google"]}}

JSON and CSV Flags

The --output-annotation-field flag can be used to specify a different field name for the annotations instead of zannotate for both CSV and JSON. For example:

printf "name,ip_address,date\n cloudflare,1.1.1.1,04-04-26\n google,8.8.8.8,04-04-26" | ./zannotate --rdns --input-file-type=csv --input-ip-field=ip_address --output-annotation-field="info"
{"name":" cloudflare","ip_address":"1.1.1.1","date":"04-04-26","info":{"rdns":{"domain_names":["one.one.one.one"]}}}
{"ip_address":"8.8.8.8","date":"04-04-26","info":{"rdns":{"domain_names":["dns.google"]}},"name":" google"}

JSON

You may wish to annotate data that is already in JSON format. You'll then need to use the --input-file-type=json flag. This will insert a zannotate field into the existing JSON object. For example:

echo '{"ip": "1.1.1.1"}'  | ./zannotate --rdns --geoasn --geoasn-database=/path-to-geo-asn.mmdb --input-file-type=json    
{"ip":"1.1.1.1","zannotate":{"geoasn":{"asn":13335,"org":"CLOUDFLARENET"},"rdns":{"domain_names":["one.one.one.one"]}}}

If your JSON objects have a different field for the IP address, you can specify that with the --input-ip-field flag. For example, if your JSON objects have an ip_address field instead of ip, you can use:

echo '{"ip_address": "1.1.1.1"}'  | ./zannotate --rdns --input-file-type=json --input-ip-field=ip_address    
{"ip_address":"1.1.1.1","zannotate":{"rdns":{"domain_names":["one.one.one.one"]}}}

CSV

If your input data is in CSV format, you can use the --input-file-type=csv flag.

printf "name,ip,date\n cloudflare,1.1.1.1,04-04-26\n google,8.8.8.8,04-04-26" | ./zannotate --rdns --input-file-type=csv 
{"name":" cloudflare","ip":"1.1.1.1","date":"04-04-26","zannotate":{"rdns":{"domain_names":["one.one.one.one"]}}}
{"name":" google","ip":"8.8.8.8","date":"04-04-26","zannotate":{"rdns":{"domain_names":["dns.google"]}}}

Similar to JSON, you can use the --input-ip-field flag to specify a column other than ip that contains the IP address.

printf "name,ip_address,date\n cloudflare,1.1.1.1,04-04-26\n google,8.8.8.8,04-04-26" | ./zannotate --rdns --input-file-type=csv --input-ip-field=ip_address
{"date":"04-04-26","zannotate":{"rdns":{"domain_names":["dns.google"]}},"name":" google","ip_address":"8.8.8.8"}
{"date":"04-04-26","zannotate":{"rdns":{"domain_names":["one.one.one.one"]}},"name":" cloudflare","ip_address":"1.1.1.1"}

Modules

RDAP (WHOIS successor)

RDAP (Registration Data Access Protocol) is a protocol used to access registration data for internet resources such as IP addresses and domain names and is the successor to WHOIS. ZAnnotate can query RDAP servers to pull registration data for IPs.

echo "1.1.1.1" | ./zannotate --rdap 
{"ip":"1.1.1.1","whois":{"DecodeData":{},"Lang":"","Conformance":["history_version_0","nro_rdap_profile_0","cidr0","rdap_level_0"],"ObjectClassName":"ip network","Notices":[{"DecodeData":{},"Title":"Source","Type":"","Description":["Objects returned came from source","APNIC"],"Links":null},{"DecodeData":{},"Title":"Terms and Conditions","Type":"","Description":["This is the APNIC WHOIS Database query service. The objects are in RDAP format."],"Links":[{"DecodeData":{},"Value":"https://rdap.apnic.net/ip/1.1.1.1","Rel":"terms-of-service","Href":"http://www.apnic.net/db/dbcopyright.html","HrefLang":null,"Title":"","Media":"","Type":"text/html"}]},{"DecodeData":{},"Title":"Whois Inaccuracy Reporting","Type":"","Description":["If you see inaccuracies in the results, please visit: "],"Links":[{"DecodeData":{},"Value":"https://rdap.apnic.net/ip/1.1.1.1","Rel":"inaccuracy-report","Href":"https://www.apnic.net/manage-ip/using-whois/abuse-and-spamming/invalid-contact-form","HrefLang":null,"Title":"","Media":"","Type":"text/html"}]}],"Handle":"1.1.1.0 - 1.1.1.255","StartAddress":"1.1.1.0","EndAddress":"1.1.1.255","IPVersion":"v4","Name":"APNIC-LABS","Type":"ASSIGNED PORTABLE","Country":"AU","ParentHandle":"","Status":["active"],"Entities":[{"DecodeData":{},"Lang":"","Conformance":null,"ObjectClassName":"entity","Notices":null,"Handle":"IRT-APNICRANDNET-AU","VCard":{"Properties":[{"Name":"version","Parameters":{},"Type":"text","Value":"4.0"},{"Name":"fn","Parameters":{},"Type":"text","Value":"IRT-APNICRANDNET-AU"},{"Name":"kind","Parameters":{},"Type":"text","Value":"group"},{"Name":"adr","Parameters":{"label":["PO Box 3646\nSouth Brisbane, QLD 4101\nAustralia"]},"Type":"text","Value":["","","","","","",""]},{"Name":"email","Parameters":{},"Type":"text","Value":"helpdesk@apnic.net"},{"Name":"email","Parameters":{"pref":["1"]},"Type":"text","Value":"helpdesk@apnic.net"}]},"Roles":["abuse"],"PublicIDs":null,"Entities":null,"Remarks":[{"DecodeData":{},"Title":"remarks","Type":"","Description":["helpdesk@apnic.net was validated on 2021-02-09"],"Links":null}],"Links":[{"DecodeData":{},"Value":"https://rdap.apnic.net/ip/1.1.1.1","Rel":"self","Href":"https://rdap.apnic.net/entity/IRT-APNICRANDNET-AU","HrefLang":null,"Title":"","Media":"","Type":"application/rdap+json"}],"Events":[{"DecodeData":{},"Action":"registration","Actor":"","Date":"2011-04-12T17:56:54Z","Links":null},{"DecodeData":{},"Action":"last changed","Actor":"","Date":"2025-11-18T00:26:57Z","Links":null}],"AsEventActor":null,"Status":null,"Port43":"","Networks":null,"Autnums":null},{"DecodeData":{},"Lang":"","Conformance":null,"ObjectClassName":"entity","Notices":null,"Handle":"ORG-ARAD1-AP","VCard":{"Properties":[{"Name":"version","Parameters":{},"Type":"text","Value":"4.0"},{"Name":"fn","Parameters":{},"Type":"text","Value":"APNIC Research and Development"},{"Name":"kind","Parameters":{},"Type":"text","Value":"org"},{"Name":"adr","Parameters":{"label":["6 Cordelia St"]},"Type":"text","Value":["","","","","","",""]},{"Name":"tel","Parameters":{"type":["voice"]},"Type":"text","Value":"+61-7-38583100"},{"Name":"tel","Parameters":{"type":["fax"]},"Type":"text","Value":"+61-7-38583199"},{"Name":"email","Parameters":{},"Type":"text","Value":"helpdesk@apnic.net"}]},"Roles":["registrant"],"PublicIDs":null,"Entities":null,"Remarks":null,"Links":[{"DecodeData":{},"Value":"https://rdap.apnic.net/ip/1.1.1.1","Rel":"self","Href":"https://rdap.apnic.net/entity/ORG-ARAD1-AP","HrefLang":null,"Title":"","Media":"","Type":"application/rdap+json"}],"Events":[{"DecodeData":{},"Action":"registration","Actor":"","Date":"2017-08-08T23:21:55Z","Links":null},{"DecodeData":{},"Action":"last changed","Actor":"","Date":"2023-09-05T02:15:19Z","Links":null}],"AsEventActor":null,"Status":null,"Port43":"","Networks":null,"Autnums":null},{"DecodeData":{},"Lang":"","Conformance":null,"ObjectClassName":"entity","Notices":null,"Handle":"AIC3-AP","VCard":{"Properties":[{"Name":"version","Parameters":{},"Type":"text","Value":"4.0"},{"Name":"fn","Parameters":{},"Type":"text","Value":"APNICRANDNET Infrastructure Contact"},{"Name":"kind","Parameters":{},"Type":"text","Value":"group"},{"Name":"adr","Parameters":{"label":["6 Cordelia St South Brisbane QLD 4101"]},"Type":"text","Value":["","","","","","",""]},{"Name":"tel","Parameters":{"type":["voice"]},"Type":"text","Value":"+61 7 3858 3100"},{"Name":"email","Parameters":{},"Type":"text","Value":"research@apnic.net"}]},"Roles":["administrative","technical"],"PublicIDs":null,"Entities":null,"Remarks":null,"Links":[{"DecodeData":{},"Value":"https://rdap.apnic.net/ip/1.1.1.1","Rel":"self","Href":"https://rdap.apnic.net/entity/AIC3-AP","HrefLang":null,"Title":"","Media":"","Type":"application/rdap+json"}],"Events":[{"DecodeData":{},"Action":"registration","Actor":"","Date":"2023-04-26T00:42:16Z","Links":null},{"DecodeData":{},"Action":"last changed","Actor":"","Date":"2024-07-18T04:37:37Z","Links":null}],"AsEventActor":null,"Status":null,"Port43":"","Networks":null,"Autnums":null}],"Remarks":[{"DecodeData":{},"Title":"description","Type":"","Description":["APNIC and Cloudflare DNS Resolver project","Routed globally by AS13335/Cloudflare","Research prefix for APNIC Labs"],"Links":null},{"DecodeData":{},"Title":"remarks","Type":"","Description":["---------------","All Cloudflare abuse reporting can be done via","resolver-abuse@cloudflare.com","---------------"],"Links":null}],"Links":[{"DecodeData":{},"Value":"https://rdap.apnic.net/ip/1.1.1.1","Rel":"self","Href":"https://rdap.apnic.net/ip/1.1.1.0/24","HrefLang":null,"Title":"","Media":"","Type":"application/rdap+json"}],"Port43":"whois.apnic.net","Events":[{"DecodeData":{},"Action":"registration","Actor":"","Date":"2011-08-10T23:12:35Z","Links":null},{"DecodeData":{},"Action":"last changed","Actor":"","Date":"2023-04-26T22:57:58Z","Links":null}]}}

This should give you the same output as a direct query to an RDAP server, for example:

rdap 1.1.1.1
IP Network:
  Handle: 1.1.1.0 - 1.1.1.255
  Start Address: 1.1.1.0
  End Address: 1.1.1.255
  IP Version: v4
  Name: APNIC-LABS
  Type: ASSIGNED PORTABLE
...<further output truncated for brevity>

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Utility for annotating Internet datasets with contextual metadata (e.g., origin AS, MaxMind GeoIP2, reverse DNS, and WHOIS)

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