Take the ws events transport only once its handshake is done by shalabhc · Pull Request #3732 · vercel/workflow

shalabhc · 2026-08-21T22:32:22Z

resolveWsTransport treated presence in the transports map as "writable".
Since openWsChannel registers synchronously and connects afterwards, a write
landing in between resolved the transport and then awaited the in-flight
connect — so the first write of a run paid the entire handshake.

The measurement

One WS-enabled deployment, 7 days, grouped by event type and transport:

event	transport	p50	p95	n
`run_started`	ws	269ms	3,771ms	295
`run_started`	http	79ms	134ms	182
`step_started`	ws	62ms	876ms	2506
`step_completed`	ws	66ms	521ms	2588
`run_completed`	ws	68ms	207ms	444

WS writes cost ~65ms once the socket is up. run_started is 4× that at p50 and
~50× at p95, and slower over the socket than over HTTP. The excess is the
handshake.

run_started is the only event that lands there: it is the runtime's first
write, and 34% of them already fell back to HTTP because they arrived before the
dynamic import('./ws-transport.js') even resolved. Those 34% were taking the
faster path by accident. This change makes that deliberate and total.

Same shape on the older cohort — beta.38 fell back 45.6% of the time, beta.39
34.3% — so this is structural, not a regression in either version.

What changed

One getter and one condition. isReadyForWrites reports whether the socket is
OPEN; resolveWsTransport requires it in addition to map membership.

Membership still answers "does this run have a channel", so refcounting and
sharing across concurrent invocations are untouched — this only narrows what the
write path considers usable. A reconnect reads as not-ready for the same
reason: frames queued behind it are better served by the transport that needs no
setup.

The tradeoff, stated plainly

This widens the HTTP fallback window on purpose — from "until the dynamic
import resolves" to "until the socket is open". Expect the WS share of
run_started to drop toward zero and the ws/http split of everything else to be
unchanged. What it buys is that no write ever blocks on a handshake, and the p95
tail on the first write of a run goes away.

If the goal were instead to maximise WS share, the opposite fix applies — hoist
the import so registration happens earlier — but the latency data says that
would be optimising for the wrong thing: it would make more writes wait for
the socket, not fewer.

Tests

549 passing in packages/world-vercel. Eight existing tests failed on the first
run and all eight were correct to fail: the conformance harness issued its write
before opening the fixture socket, so under the new rule it would have asserted
on a socket nothing was sent through. It now completes the handshake first.

Added withholds the channel until the handshake completes, which pins the new
contract directly — mid-connect resolves null, post-open resolves the
transport — so a future revert fails a test that says why rather than something
incidental.

Not addressed here

The fallback is still silent. resolveWsTransport returning null logs nothing
and tags nothing, which is why establishing any of the above took four
triangulating queries against @vercel.deployment_id. A
workflow.events.transport_fallback attribute on the HTTP span would make this
a one-query answer; worth doing separately.

changeset-bot · 2026-08-21T22:32:28Z

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 1a68b6a

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

vercel · 2026-08-21T22:32:37Z

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, v0	Aug 24, 2026 8:34pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, v0	Aug 24, 2026 8:34pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, v0	Aug 24, 2026 8:34pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, v0	Aug 24, 2026 8:34pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, v0	Aug 24, 2026 8:34pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, v0	Aug 24, 2026 8:34pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, v0	Aug 24, 2026 8:34pm
workbench-nestjs-workflow	Ready	Preview, v0	Aug 24, 2026 8:34pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, v0	Aug 24, 2026 8:34pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Building	Preview, v0	Aug 24, 2026 8:34pm
workbench-python-workflow	Ready	Preview, v0	Aug 24, 2026 8:34pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, v0	Aug 24, 2026 8:34pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, v0	Aug 24, 2026 8:34pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, v0	Aug 24, 2026 8:34pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, v0	Aug 24, 2026 8:34pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, v0	Aug 24, 2026 8:34pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, v0	Aug 24, 2026 8:34pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, v0	Aug 24, 2026 8:34pm

github-actions · 2026-08-21T22:32:37Z

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

❌ Failed E2E Tests

▲ Vercel Production (8 failed)

python-node (8 failed):

promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_41M0TQHV0D0GHCGPKG9MYWMWT6 | 🔍 observability
sleepingWorkflow | wrun_41M0TQJJ6H0GGQSQXRGNVY7YN5 | 🔍 observability
parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_41M0TQJJ7X0GYQAFKJZEMT2MBC | 🔍 observability
nullByteWorkflow | wrun_41M0TQJTF30GZ2X2TWWC0MHW9A | 🔍 observability
cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_41M0TQQAM00GQ0TCDGSD0T5BYC | 🔍 observability
cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_41M0TQQC5D0GHNEXV9B946G5ED | 🔍 observability
sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_41M0TQQK3H0GKT803AFKF8WBXP | 🔍 observability
resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_41M0TQR5ZX0GK79Z7WJG6GF1JX | 🔍 observability

🌐 Cross-language Conformance (9 failed)

python (9 failed):

deploymentId: 'latest' is a no-op in non-Vercel worlds | wrun_01M0TQVPP6CA9385RZXTFNWSPW
promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_41M0TQHV0D0GHCGPKG9MYWMWT6
sleepingWorkflow | wrun_41M0TQJJ6H0GGQSQXRGNVY7YN5
parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_41M0TQJJ7X0GYQAFKJZEMT2MBC
nullByteWorkflow | wrun_41M0TQJTF30GZ2X2TWWC0MHW9A
cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_41M0TQQAM00GQ0TCDGSD0T5BYC
cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_41M0TQQC5D0GHNEXV9B946G5ED
sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_41M0TQQK3H0GKT803AFKF8WBXP
resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_41M0TQR5ZX0GK79Z7WJG6GF1JX

⚠️ Flaky E2E Tests (passed on retry)

These tests failed at least once and passed on a retry. A recurring entry here is a real race worth investigating.

17 flaky tests

'hookGetConflictWithPriorStepWorkflow' - hook.getConflict() does not block step execution (nextjs-webpack)
abortSurvivesReplayWorkflow: controller state consistent across replay (vite)
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods (vite)
cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow (nextjs-turbopack)
cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow (nitro)
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables (express)
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously (nextjs-webpack)
deploymentId: 'latest' is a no-op in non-Vercel worlds (sveltekit)
hookSupersedeOwnerWorkflow - duplicate cancels the owner and claims the released token (nextjs-turbopack)
metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) (express)
promiseAllWorkflow (fastify)
promiseAllWorkflow via pages router (nextjs-turbopack)
RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay (nextjs-turbopack)
runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries (express)
sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration (example)
sleepWinsRaceWorkflow (tanstack-start)
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() (vite)

🛠 Infra Events (absorbed by the harness)

Platform anomalies the e2e harness detected and worked around (e.g. a run the queue never picked up, replaced by a fresh run). Clustered timestamps indicate a backend blip; a steady drip indicates a platform issue worth escalating.

32 infra events

cold-start-warmup · suite warmup (python) · at 20:33:35Z · abandoned wrun_41M0TQHAEM0GQ3PEXYMKKJ5N01 · (+7 more)
run-pickup-stall · promiseAllWorkflow (python) · at 20:33:51Z · abandoned wrun_41M0TQMZAC0GWFPV5H6ZEK8B8H
run-pickup-stall · parallelSleepWorkflow (python) · at 20:33:51Z · abandoned wrun_41M0TQMZAJ0GWJV98ZJ1VHAWMC
run-pickup-stall · nullByteWorkflow (python) · at 20:33:51Z · abandoned wrun_41M0TQMZAP0GV3MGVK8FP6FMYB
run-pickup-stall · sleepingWorkflow (python) · at 20:33:51Z · abandoned wrun_41M0TQMZAJ0GWJV98ZJ1VHAWMB
run-pickup-stall · cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow (python) · at 20:33:51Z · abandoned wrun_41M0TQMZRW0GMM5R8KYSP4ME35
run-pickup-stall · cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow (python) · at 20:34:24Z · abandoned wrun_41M0TQNZE80GKBQ920YB030P63
run-pickup-stall · sleepingWorkflow (python) · at 20:34:52Z · abandoned wrun_41M0TQPTPW0GRH0CQ4WPC63MTT
run-pickup-stall · nullByteWorkflow (python) · at 20:34:52Z · abandoned wrun_41M0TQPTSS0GRHKBR4EZY9H335
run-pickup-stall · parallelSleepWorkflow (python) · at 20:34:52Z · abandoned wrun_41M0TQPTWC0GRSEPCV6N5CFR9J
run-pickup-stall · promiseAllWorkflow (python) · at 20:34:52Z · abandoned wrun_41M0TQPTYY0GHHNWYX4E1X6DFH
cold-start-warmup · suite warmup (tanstack-start) · at 20:34:54Z · abandoned wrun_01M0TQPHHSEXQEXDF2A1YB7T1M
run-pickup-stall · cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow (python) · at 20:35:42Z · abandoned wrun_41M0TQPZBT0GMNSZ47TGSYTQSW
cold-start-warmup · suite warmup (python) · at 20:36:00Z · abandoned wrun_01M0TQNR8DTD7DN1PAXBWDR9X6 · (+7 more)
run-pickup-stall · promiseAllWorkflow (python) · at 20:36:15Z · abandoned wrun_01M0TQSDD53DF7QQJV6F6FN01F
run-pickup-stall · sleepingWorkflow (python) · at 20:36:15Z · abandoned wrun_01M0TQSDDB4KZ1PYE3DVMEPWFC
run-pickup-stall · parallelSleepWorkflow (python) · at 20:36:15Z · abandoned wrun_01M0TQSDDC2ZVY5P056YNXMYWG
run-pickup-stall · nullByteWorkflow (python) · at 20:36:15Z · abandoned wrun_01M0TQSDDEWTEDEF9N6MK2098W
run-pickup-stall · deploymentId: 'latest' is a no-op in non-Vercel worlds (python) · at 20:36:15Z · abandoned wrun_01M0TQSDD53DF7QQJV6F6FN01E
run-pickup-stall · deploymentId: 'latest' is a no-op in non-Vercel worlds (python) · at 20:37:15Z · abandoned wrun_01M0TQV811J0Z0Z61B4R13WV3G
run-pickup-stall · sleepingWorkflow (python) · at 20:37:15Z · abandoned wrun_01M0TQV814MJ0R39CS8NQSBADX
run-pickup-stall · promiseAllWorkflow (python) · at 20:37:15Z · abandoned wrun_01M0TQV8135X467A1DPS3FPWZ3
run-pickup-stall · parallelSleepWorkflow (python) · at 20:37:15Z · abandoned wrun_01M0TQV8153BGFRTAQRGMKAYP4
run-pickup-stall · nullByteWorkflow (python) · at 20:37:15Z · abandoned wrun_01M0TQV8174C4C0Y0SY8RRXRSE
run-pickup-stall · cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow (python) · at 20:37:23Z · abandoned wrun_41M0TQSQ8B0GX5JCFRQNHG61RS
run-pickup-stall · sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration (python) · at 20:38:04Z · abandoned wrun_41M0TQSJKF0GSCDZQQHEC5G12D
run-pickup-stall · cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow (python) · at 20:38:15Z · abandoned wrun_01M0TQX2MN72A2QZW09CSJN528
run-pickup-stall · cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow (python) · at 20:38:15Z · abandoned wrun_01M0TQX2MV7ATD5Y0EXHN3B3VK
run-pickup-stall · sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration (python) · at 20:38:15Z · abandoned wrun_01M0TQX2N0YWE375QASNB4NYMT
run-pickup-stall · cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow (python) · at 20:38:45Z · abandoned wrun_01M0TQY009JETHJTAKSW2A6MXK
run-pickup-stall · cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow (python) · at 20:38:45Z · abandoned wrun_01M0TQY007B936NZXWFMMBFKWE
run-pickup-stall · sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration (python) · at 20:39:15Z · abandoned wrun_01M0TQYX82SAFXRFJSP4BD5A73

E2E Test Summary

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	3570	8	742	4320
✅ 💻 Local Development	3922	0	558	4480
✅ 📦 Local Production	3922	0	558	4480
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	3922	0	558	4480
✅ 🪟 Windows	320	0	0	320
❌ 🌐 Cross-language Conformance	0	9	132	141
✅ vercel-http-transport	817	0	143	960
✅ vercel-multi-region	27	0	0	27
✅ vercel-ws-transport	553	0	87	640
Total	17053	17	2778	19848

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-node	132	0	28
✅ astro-quickjs	132	0	28
✅ example-node	132	0	28
✅ example-quickjs	132	0	28
✅ express-node	132	0	28
✅ express-quickjs	132	0	28
✅ fastify-node	132	0	28
✅ fastify-quickjs	132	0	28
✅ hono-node	132	0	28
✅ hono-quickjs	132	0	28
✅ nest-node	132	0	28
✅ nest-quickjs	132	0	28
✅ nextjs-turbopack-node	157	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-quickjs	157	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-node	157	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-quickjs	157	0	3
✅ nitro-node	132	0	28
✅ nitro-quickjs	132	0	28
✅ nuxt-node	132	0	28
✅ nuxt-quickjs	132	0	28
❌ python-node	0	8	152
✅ sveltekit-node	151	0	9
✅ sveltekit-quickjs	151	0	9
✅ tanstack-start-node	132	0	28
✅ tanstack-start-quickjs	132	0	28
✅ vite-node	132	0	28
✅ vite-quickjs	132	0	28

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable-node	134	26
✅ astro-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ express-stable-node	134	26
✅ express-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ fastify-stable-node	134	26
✅ fastify-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ hono-stable-node	134	26
✅ hono-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ nest-stable-node	134	26
✅ nest-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary-node	141	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary-quickjs	141	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-node	160	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-quickjs	160	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary-node	141	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary-quickjs	141	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-node	160	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-quickjs	160	0
✅ nitro-stable-node	134	26
✅ nitro-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ nuxt-stable-node	134	26
✅ nuxt-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ sveltekit-stable-node	153	7
✅ sveltekit-stable-quickjs	153	7
✅ tanstack-start-node	134	26
✅ tanstack-start-quickjs	134	26
✅ vite-stable-node	134	26
✅ vite-stable-quickjs	134	26

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable-node	134	26
✅ astro-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ express-stable-node	134	26
✅ express-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ fastify-stable-node	134	26
✅ fastify-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ hono-stable-node	134	26
✅ hono-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ nest-stable-node	134	26
✅ nest-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary-node	141	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary-quickjs	141	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-node	160	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-quickjs	160	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary-node	141	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary-quickjs	141	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-node	160	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-quickjs	160	0
✅ nitro-stable-node	134	26
✅ nitro-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ nuxt-stable-node	134	26
✅ nuxt-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ sveltekit-stable-node	153	7
✅ sveltekit-stable-quickjs	153	7
✅ tanstack-start-node	134	26
✅ tanstack-start-quickjs	134	26
✅ vite-stable-node	134	26
✅ vite-stable-quickjs	134	26

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable-node	134	26
✅ astro-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ express-stable-node	134	26
✅ express-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ fastify-stable-node	134	26
✅ fastify-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ hono-stable-node	134	26
✅ hono-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ nest-stable-node	134	26
✅ nest-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary-node	141	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary-quickjs	141	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-node	160	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-quickjs	160	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary-node	141	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary-quickjs	141	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-node	160	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-quickjs	160	0
✅ nitro-stable-node	134	26
✅ nitro-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ nuxt-stable-node	134	26
✅ nuxt-stable-quickjs	134	26
✅ sveltekit-stable-node	153	7
✅ sveltekit-stable-quickjs	153	7
✅ tanstack-start-node	134	26
✅ tanstack-start-quickjs	134	26
✅ vite-stable-node	134	26
✅ vite-stable-quickjs	134	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack-node	160	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-quickjs	160	0	0

❌ 🌐 Cross-language Conformance

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
❌ python	0	9	132

✅ vercel-http-transport

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ example	132	28
✅ express	132	28
✅ hono	132	28
✅ nextjs-turbopack	157	3
✅ nitro	132	28
✅ vite	132	28

✅ vercel-multi-region

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

✅ vercel-ws-transport

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ example	132	28
✅ express	132	28
✅ nextjs-turbopack	157	3
✅ vite	132	28

📋 View full workflow run

github-actions · 2026-08-21T22:32:42Z

📊 Workflow Benchmarks

commit 1a68b6a · Mon, 24 Aug 2026 20:57:38 GMT · run logs

Backend: vercel · app: nextjs-turbopack

Metric	Scenario	Best (ms)	P75 (ms)	P90 (ms)	P99 (ms)	Samples
TTFS	step	1336 (+34%) 🔻	1461 🔴 (+32%) 🔻	1519 🔴 (+32%) 🔻	1695 🔴 (+35%) 🔻	30
TTFS	stream	1383 (+95%) 🔻	1534 🔴 (+40%) 🔻	1562 🔴 (+41%) 🔻	1610 🔴 (+25%) 🔻	30
TTFS	hook + stream	1752 (+28%) 🔻	1853 🔴 (+26%) 🔻	1932 🔴 (+28%) 🔻	2349 🔴 (+47%) 🔻	30
Fan-out TTFS	Promise.all(100 steps)	586 (-9.8%)	1000 (-41%) 💚	1228 (-31%) 💚	2833 (+46%) 🔻	10
Fan-out TTLS	Promise.all(100 steps)	1980 (+2.5%)	3079 (-3.1%)	3465 (+5.4%)	11645 (+37%) 🔻	10
STSO	1020 steps (inline)	121 (+15%) 🔻	156 (+5.4%)	179 (+6.5%)	255 (+17%) 🔻	1019
WO	1020 steps	157445 (+6.7%)	157445 (+6.7%)	157445 (+6.7%)	157445 (+6.7%)	1
CRTT	first chunk (pooled)	122 (+39%) 🔻	174 (+40%) 🔻	221 (+15%)	372 (-40%) 💚	28

Streams

Scenario	CRTT 1st	p75	p90	p99	CDV max	iters
paced control (100/s, 60B)	147 (+30%)	179 (+38%)	279 (+32%)	457 (-40%)	125 (-13%)	10
size sweep (100/s, 160B-12KB)	174 (+55%)	164 (+15%)	223 (+19%)	563 (-50%)	148 (+8%)	10
replay gateway-gpt-5.4-nano-2000t (1x)	147 (+20%)	139 (-79%)	162 (-95%)	222 (-95%)	211 (-3%)	3
replay eve-gpt-5.6-sol-2000t (1x)	162 (+37%)	143 (+7%)	180 (+7%)	287 (-17%)	247 (-6%)	2
replay eve-gpt-5.6-sol-2000t (2x)	142 (+15%)	205 (+12%)	350 (+33%)	565 (+3%)	238 (+4%)	3

📈 STSO distribution vs main (inline / queue-hop histograms)

1020 steps (inline)

Cumulative STSO time: main 147417ms → this run 157193ms (Δ +9776ms, +7%)

100-150 ms  ██████████████████┃█████  main 785  this 612  -173
150-200 ms  ███████░░░┃               main 216  this 369  +153
200-250 ms  ┃                         main  14  this  26   +12
250-300 ms  ┃                         main   4  this   9    +5
350-400 ms  ┃                         main   0  this   2    +2
400-450 ms  ┃                         main   0  this   1    +1

📈 CRTT drill-down vs main (RTT distributions & profiles)

variant  RTT 1ms→5s+             avg         p50         p90         p99     n
control  ······▂█▁····  144.7 (+21%)  133 (+25%)  279 (+32%)  457 (-40%)  3000
sweep    ······▂█▂▁···  144.6 (+17%)  134 (+22%)  223 (+19%)  563 (-50%)  3000
gw 1x    ·····▁▃█▁····  121.1 (-64%)  120 (+19%)  162 (-95%)  222 (-95%)  5295
eve 1x   ·····▁▄█▁····  126.5 (+14%)  117 (+29%)   180 (+7%)  287 (-17%)  5186
eve 2x   ······▂█▃▁···  173.6 (+24%)  150 (+16%)  350 (+33%)   565 (+3%)  7779

RTT over stream progress (avg per tenth of stream, bars scaled min→max):

control  ▇▁▂▆█▆▂▁▆▇  131–157ms
sweep    █▆▄▂▁▄▅▂▄▄  125–171ms
gw 1x    ▆█▇▆▁▂▁▄▄█  114–128ms
eve 1x   ▅▁▂▂▁▂▅█▄▂  115–152ms
eve 2x   ▃▁▂▂▁▄▄█▃▂  137–278ms

RTT by chunk size (avg per log size bin, ~160B → ~12KB serialized, bars scaled min→max):

sweep  ▆▃▆█▃▇▁  144–145ms

Delivery jitter over stream progress (avg positive CDV per tenth of stream, bars scaled min→max):

control  ▃▁▅█▆▂▃▄▆▅  38–58ms
sweep    ▁█▇▆▅█▇▅█▅  32–70ms
gw 1x    ▇█▇▁▆▆▆▇▆▅  32–42ms
eve 1x   █▃▂▂▄▃▃▂▁▄  24–31ms
eve 2x   █▅▂▁▆▂▁▂▂▃  25–34ms

📜 Previous results (2)

`6dc7e54`

Sat, 22 Aug 2026 00:49:14 GMT · run logs

vercel / nextjs-turbopack

Metric	Scenario	Best (ms)	P75 (ms)	P90 (ms)	P99 (ms)	Samples
TTFS	step	226 (-78%) 💚	1332 🔴 (+17%) 🔻	1360 🔴 (+15%) 🔻	1419 🔴 (+8.5%)	30
TTFS	stream	275 (-74%) 💚	1357 🔴 (+20%) 🔻	1395 🔴 (+20%) 🔻	1415 🔴 (+17%) 🔻	30
TTFS	hook + stream	696 (-43%) 💚	1593 🔴 (+12%)	1637 🔴 (+9.4%)	1952 🔴 (+1.2%)	30
Fan-out TTFS	Promise.all(100 steps)	568 (-24%) 💚	882 (-54%) 💚	1026 (-47%) 💚	1961 (-3.4%)	10
Fan-out TTLS	Promise.all(100 steps)	5071 (+0.8%)	6375 (-15%)	6443 (-18%) 💚	7303 (-15%) 💚	10
STSO	1020 steps (inline)	70 (-33%) 💚	127 (-11%)	148 (-8.1%)	243 (+25%) 🔻	1019
WO	1020 steps	127553 (-11%)	127553 (-11%)	127553 (-11%)	127553 (-11%)	1
CRTT	first chunk (pooled)	113 (-7.4%)	177 (+0.6%)	250 (+14%)	384 (-30%) 💚	28

Streams

Scenario	CRTT 1st	p75	p90	p99	CDV max	iters
paced control (100/s, 60B)	174 (+27%)	174 (-63%)	230 (-65%)	454 (-92%)	127 (-18%)	10
size sweep (100/s, 160B-12KB)	129 (-21%)	176 (-12%)	356 (+16%)	795 (+75%)	181 (-2%)	10
replay gateway-gpt-5.4-nano-2000t (1x)	142 (-21%)	128 (-51%)	165 (-71%)	431 (-70%)	274 (-66%)	3
replay eve-gpt-5.6-sol-2000t (1x)	150 (±0%)	143 (-24%)	186 (-46%)	292 (-78%)	281 (-65%)	2
replay eve-gpt-5.6-sol-2000t (2x)	131 (-26%)	189 (-30%)	250 (-34%)	681 (-4%)	237 (-36%)	3

`052a14e`

Fri, 21 Aug 2026 22:59:25 GMT · run logs

vercel / nextjs-turbopack

Metric	Scenario	Best (ms)	P75 (ms)	P90 (ms)	P99 (ms)	Samples
TTFS	step	398 (-40%) 💚	1428 🔴 (+25%) 🔻	1465 🔴 (+26%) 🔻	3121 🔴 (+152%) 🔻	30
TTFS	stream	981 (+209%) 🔻	1389 🔴 (+19%) 🔻	1426 🔴 (+19%) 🔻	1452 🔴 (+6.3%)	30
TTFS	hook + stream	1238 (+167%) 🔻	1686 🔴 (+16%) 🔻	1710 🔴 (+13%)	1873 🔴 (+18%) 🔻	30
Fan-out TTFS	Promise.all(100 steps)	570 (+0.5%)	2058 (+7.1%)	2073 (-5.6%)	2100 (-35%) 💚	10
Fan-out TTLS	Promise.all(100 steps)	1847 (+4.7%)	3911 (-16%) 💚	4235 (-11%)	8845 (+72%) 🔻	10
STSO	1020 steps (inline)	131 (+4.8%)	175 (-12%)	198 (-13%)	418 (+6.9%)	1019
WO	1020 steps	177116 (-8.6%)	177116 (-8.6%)	177116 (-8.6%)	177116 (-8.6%)	1
CRTT	first chunk (pooled)	107 (+1.9%)	158 (-3.7%)	213 (-60%) 💚	387 (-53%) 💚	28

Streams

Scenario	CRTT 1st	p75	p90	p99	CDV max	iters
paced control (100/s, 60B)	130 (-12%)	202 (-67%)	282 (-71%)	831 (-27%)	154 (-72%)	10
size sweep (100/s, 160B-12KB)	131 (+3%)	155 (-4%)	223 (-39%)	679 (+32%)	147 (+2%)	10
replay gateway-gpt-5.4-nano-2000t (1x)	135 (-17%)	136 (-9%)	173 (-7%)	491 (+53%)	194 (-16%)	3
replay eve-gpt-5.6-sol-2000t (1x)	164 (-46%)	133 (-78%)	168 (-81%)	247 (-82%)	203 (-81%)	2
replay eve-gpt-5.6-sol-2000t (2x)	157 (-3%)	163 (-42%)	208 (-61%)	325 (-65%)	196 (-66%)	3

ℹ️ Metric definitions & methodology

_{Streams: first-chunk RTT (the stream-open path, before any buffering/backpressure), CRTT percentiles, and worst delivery stall (CDV max). Cells are medians across iterations; per-run values in the artifacts. No 🔴/🟢 marks until targets attach.}

_{The collapsed STSO distribution section above buckets every step gap, split inline (same warm process — pure framework overhead) vs queue-hop (fresh process — dispatch, reinit, replay). █ = main, ┃ = this run, ░ = fill.}

_{The collapsed CRTT drill-down: per-variant RTT histograms (fixed log bins, · = empty) and mean RTT/positive-CDV profile lines over stream progress and chunk size. Histograms, avgs, and profiles merge exactly across runs; p50–p99 are percentile-of-percentiles. Per-index rows live in the artifacts.}

_{Best/P75/P90/P99 deltas compare against the most recent benchmark run on main at the time of this run. 🔻 flags a delta worse than +15%, 💚 one better than −15%.}

_{Metrics — TTFS: time to first step body (in-deployment start() → first step body) · Fan-out TTFS: fan-out time to first step (in-deployment start() → first of the parallel step bodies to complete) · Fan-out TTLS: fan-out time to last step (in-deployment start() → last of the parallel step bodies to complete, i.e. when the Promise.all resolves) · STSO: step-to-step overhead (gap between consecutive step bodies) · WO: workflow overhead (whole-run time outside step bodies, in-deployment anchored) · CRTT: chunk round-trip time (per-chunk write → read latency, one clock domain: deployment → stream backend → same deployment) · CDV: chunk delay variation / delivery jitter (inter-arrival gap minus inter-write gap per seq-adjacent pair; skew-free; the row is each run's MAX positive value, so one stall moves it)}

_{Scenarios — step: one trivial no-op step, no stream; no hooks, so the run stays in turbo mode (in-process fast path) · stream: one streaming step; no hooks, so the run stays in turbo mode (in-process fast path) · hook + stream: registers a hook before one step, which exits turbo mode (dispatch path) · 1020 steps: 1020 trivial sequential steps; STSO is measured between consecutive steps in the given step ranges, and WO is the whole-run overhead outside step bodies · Promise.all(100 steps): 100 trivial no-op steps started together in a single Promise.all; Fan-out TTFS is the first of them to complete and Fan-out TTLS the last, both from the in-deployment clientStart, so their gap is the spread the runtime adds across the fan-out · paced control (100/s, 60B): the control: 300 tiny (~60B) deltas metronome-paced at 100/s — zero workload structure, so it reads the transport floor and flush cadence, and disambiguates transport-wide vs workload-specific when a replay row moves · size sweep (100/s, 160B-12KB): same pacing as the control with deltas padded in rotation across seven log-spaced sizes (~160B–12KB) — rotation decouples size from stream position, so it isolates whether chunk size causes latency · replay gateway-gpt-5.4-nano-2000t (1x): raw provider SSE cadence captured at the AI gateway boundary (gpt-5.4-nano, the most popular gateway model; per-token deltas p50 208B = the modal production chunk size), replayed exactly as measured — the typical customer's workload; its CDV is the typical customer's real delivery jitter · replay eve-gpt-5.6-sol-2000t (1x): a captured eve turn (gpt-5.6-sol, the most-used demanding eve model; ~2000 output tokens = production p50 turn length) replayed exactly as measured — eve's envelope protocol re-ships the cumulative message so sizes ramp 142B→13KB; the demanding outlier tenant's reality · replay eve-gpt-5.6-sol-2000t (2x): the same eve capture at 2x — the headroom/stress row; real fast-tier models emit the same chunk sizes at proportionally higher rate, so time compression is a faithful speed model · first chunk (pooled): every run's seq-0 RTT pooled across all stream scenarios — the first chunk precedes any workload differentiation, so pooling samples one shared stream-open path with exact percentiles}

_{Replay cadences (semantic sha256) — eve-gpt-5.6-sol-2000t eaf22f5946e7c61f3c65c7006d550df180cfabd4e706254a09f22aec0cfb420d · gateway-gpt-5.4-nano-2000t 6f24ac518b6b83ff1d0e85a5fe78230db192716d66a7fc6b2fe022752001d041}

_{🔴 marks a percentile over its target (within target is left unmarked). Targets (p75/p90/p99, ms) — TTFS 200/300/600}

_{All timestamps are deployment-side; runs are triggered in-deployment, so the CI runner and api.vercel.com sit outside every measured window. TTFS = start() → first step body (includes dispatch + any cold start); Fan-out TTFS/TTLS = first/last step completion of one Promise.all from the same anchor (the gap is the runtime’s fan-out spread); STSO/WO between step bodies; CRTT inside the workflow (excludes the api.vercel.com read path).}

_{Cold starts stay in the numbers (real bursty-workload latency, inflates P75+); Best is the warm floor.}

github-actions · 2026-08-21T22:35:49Z

Sim World

Simulated world deterministic testing for races. Traces

🟠 world-sim scenario book — 1 fail of 41 total

fence=per-spec

scenario	outcome	events	virt	replay
✅ `smoke-no-steps`	completed	3	0ms	ok
✅ `smoke-one-step`	completed	6	0ms	ok
✅ `hook-at-step-started`	completed	12	0ms	ok
✅ `hook-at-step-completed`	completed	12	0ms	ok
✅ `hook-at-hook-created`	completed	12	0ms	ok
✅ `deadline-hook-wins`	completed	7	1.0h	ok
✅ `deadline-expires`	completed	7	1.0h	ok
✅ `long-sleep`	completed	11	30.0d	ok
✅ `hook-never-arrives`	stalled	3	0ms	skipped
✅ `step-retries-twice`	completed	10	2.0s	ok
✅ `parallel-steps`	completed	9	0ms	ok
✅ `hook-on-execution-state`	completed	12	0ms	ok
✅ `peek-hook-before-branch`	completed	12	0ms	ok
✅ `peek-hook-after-branch`	completed	12	0ms	ok
✅ `peek-hook-at-registration`	completed	12	0ms	ok
✅ `race-hook-before-probe`	completed	12	0ms	ok
✅ `race-hook-after-probe`	completed	12	0ms	ok
✅ `race-duplicate-delivery`	completed	13	0ms	ok
✅ `attr-hook-before-step`	completed	11	0ms	ok
✅ `attr-hook-after-step`	completed	11	0ms	ok
✅ `attr-from-step-body`	completed	13	0ms	ok
✅ `fork-hook-after-timeout`	completed	14	1.0m	ok
✅ `fork-hook-before-timeout`	completed	14	1.0m	ok
✅ `count-hook-after-timeout`	completed	17	1.0m	ok
✅ `count-hook-before-timeout`	completed	20	1.0m	ok
✅ `stale-read-step-count-fork`	completed	20	1.0m	ok
✅ `stale-read-equal-step-counts`	completed	14	1.0m	ok
✅ `step-vs-step-fork`	completed	12	0ms	ok
✅ `step-vs-step-fork-fenced`	completed	12	0ms	ok
✅ `fence-catches-benign-direction`	completed	12	5ms	ok
✅ `in-flight-before-decision`	completed	17	1.0m	ok
❌ `in-flight-before-decision-counted`	completed	17	1.0m	ok
✅ `in-flight-after-decision`	completed	19	2.0m	ok
✅ `stale-read-step-count-fork-fenced`	completed	20	1.0m	ok
✅ `fork-hook-wins`	completed	13	1.0m	ok
✅ `fork-timeout-wins`	completed	13	1.0m	ok
✅ `unclaimed-payload-under-fork`	completed	17	1.0m	ok
✅ `claimed-payload-under-fork`	completed	17	1.0m	ok
✅ `writers-independent-step-bodies`	completed	12	0ms	ok
✅ `writers-scripted-tempo`	completed	12	0ms	ok
✅ `cancel-mid-step`	cancelled	7	0ms	skipped

Full trace: world-sim.txt

resolveWsTransport treated map membership as 'writable'. A write landing between openWsChannel and the socket opening therefore resolved the transport and awaited the in-flight connect, so the first write of a run paid the whole handshake. Measured on one WS-enabled deployment over 7 days, run_started: ws p50 269ms p95 3771ms (n=295) http p50 79ms p95 134ms (n=182) against ~65ms p50 for every write issued after the socket was up. Going over the socket made that write slower than not using the socket at all, and the 34% of run_started writes already falling back were taking the faster path by accident. Membership still answers 'does this run have a channel' - the refcount and sharing across concurrent invocations are unchanged. The write path now additionally asks whether a frame can go out without setup first. A reconnect reads as not-ready for the same reason. This widens the HTTP fallback window on purpose: from 'until the dynamic import resolves' to 'until the socket is open'. What it buys is that no write ever blocks on a handshake. Co-Authored-By: opencode <opencode@vercel.com> Co-Authored-By: shalabhc <shalabh.chaturvedi@vercel.com>

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Take the ws events transport only once its handshake is done - #3732

Take the ws events transport only once its handshake is done#3732
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shalabhc commented Aug 21, 2026

The measurement

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The tradeoff, stated plainly

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🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Failed E2E Tests

▲ Vercel Production (8 failed)

🌐 Cross-language Conformance (9 failed)

⚠️ Flaky E2E Tests (passed on retry)

🛠 Infra Events (absorbed by the harness)

E2E Test Summary

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📊 Workflow Benchmarks

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Sim World

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