E

Documentation/RelNotes/2.56.0.adoc

@@ -56,6 +56,26 @@ UI, Workflows & Features
    standardized to make them consistent with each other and with other
    commands.
 
+ * 'git log --graph' has been modified to visually distinguish parentless
+   'root' commits (and commits that become roots due to history
+   simplification) by indenting them, preventing them from appearing
+   falsely related to unrelated commits rendered immediately above them.
+
+ * Userdiff patterns for Swift have been added, with support for
+   Swift-specific constructs such as attributes, modifiers, failable
+   initializers, and generics.
+
+ * Configuration file locking has been updated to retry for a short
+   period, avoiding failures when multiple processes attempt to update
+   the configuration simultaneously.
+
+ * The 'remote-object-info' command has been added to 'git cat-file
+   --batch-command', allowing clients to request object metadata
+   (currently size) from a remote server via protocol v2 without
+   downloading the entire object.  Format placeholders are dynamically
+   filtered on the client based on server-advertised capabilities,
+   returning empty strings for inapplicable or unsupported fields.
+
 
 Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
 --------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -206,6 +226,60 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
    pathspec filtering, which was lost when the streaming walk was
    refactored.
 
+ * The ref subsystem and the worktree API have been refactored to pass a
+   repository pointer down the call chain, allowing them to drop
+   references to the global 'the_repository' variable.  As part of this,
+   the handling of the 'core.packedRefsTimeout' configuration has been
+   moved into the per-repository ref store structure.
+
+ * 'git branch --contains' and 'git for-each-ref --contains' have been
+   optimized to use the memoized commit traversal previously used only by
+   'git tag --contains', significantly speeding up connectivity checks
+   across many candidate refs with shared history.
+
+ * The passing of push destination specifications in the 'remote-curl'
+   helper has been simplified by removing the explicit 'count' parameter
+   and relying on the NULL-termination of the array.
+
+ * The dependency on the global 'the_repository' variable in the
+   'refspec.c' API has been removed by passing the hash algorithm
+   explicitly to refspec-parsing functions and storing it in 'struct
+   refspec'.
+
+ * The enumeration of untracked and ignored files in 'git status' has
+   been optimized by avoiding quadratic complexity when inserting into
+   string lists, reducing the construction cost from O(n^2) to O(n log
+   n).
+
+ * The copy_file() and copy_file_with_time() functions have been
+   refactored to take a repository parameter, allowing the removal of the
+   implicit dependency on the global 'the_repository' variable in
+   'copy.c'.
+
+ * The tempfile and lockfile APIs have been refactored to stop depending
+   on the 'the_repository' global variable, and their callers have been
+   updated to use the repository-aware variants.
+
+ * The 'trust_executable_bit' (coming from the 'core.filemode'
+   configuration) has been migrated into 'struct repo_config_values' to
+   tie it to a specific repository instance.
+
+ * The 'excludes_file' and various other global configuration variables
+   (including 'editor_program', 'pager_program', 'askpass_program', and
+   'push_default') have been migrated into the per-repository structure.
+
+ * The 'git stash push' command has been optimized to avoid unnecessary
+   sparse index expansion when pathspecs are wholly inside the
+   sparse-checkout cone.  Also, a potential out-of-bounds read in the
+   sparse-index expansion check helper pathspec_needs_expanded_index()
+   has been fixed by consistently using the parsed, prefixed path.
+
+ * The logic to write loose objects has been refactored and moved from
+   'object-file.c' to the loose backend source file 'odb/source-loose.c',
+   making the loose backend more self-contained.  This is achieved by
+   first refactoring force_object_loose() to use generic ODB write
+   interfaces instead of loose-backend internals.
+
 
 Fixes since v2.55
 -----------------
@@ -350,3 +424,24 @@ Fixes since v2.55
    'git submodule update' command until it was broken in a modernization
    of the option-parsing code, has been restored.
    (merge ff1da37f58 dm/submodule-update-i-shorthand later to maint).
+
+ * An accidental use of the '%zu' format specifier in 'git
+   submodule--helper' has been corrected to use 'PRIuMAX' and cast the
+   value to 'uintmax_t' to avoid portability issues.
+   (merge 3279c13c00 jc/submodule-helper-avoid-zu later to maint).
+
+ * The rebase post-rewrite notes-copying logic has been corrected.  When
+   a commit is dropped during rebase (e.g., because its changes are
+   already upstream), it is no longer recorded as rewritten, preventing
+   its notes from being copied to an unrelated commit.
+   (merge 42554b78fd pw/rebase-drop-notes-with-commit later to maint).
+
+ * A few memory problems in the Rust interface to C hash functions have
+   been corrected.  The 'Clone' implementation of 'CryptoHasher' now
+   properly initializes the context before cloning, and its 'Drop'
+   implementation now discards the context to prevent leaks.
+
+ * The object ID shortening and linking in the 'commitdiff' view of
+   'gitweb' has been corrected to work even when the index line carries
+   a trailing file mode.
+   (merge fda513d6fe tl/gitweb-shorten-hashes-with-modes later to maint).

Documentation/config/core.adoc

@@ -589,6 +589,14 @@ core.packedRefsTimeout::
 	all; -1 means to try indefinitely. Default is 1000 (i.e.,
 	retry for 1 second).
 
+core.configLockTimeout::
+	The length of time, in milliseconds, to retry when trying to
+	lock a configuration file for writing. Value 0 means not to
+	retry at all; -1 means to try indefinitely. Default is 1000
+	(i.e., retry for 1 second). This is read from the configuration
+	that is already on disk before the lock is taken, so it can be
+	set persistently like any other option.
+
 core.pager::
 	Text viewer for use by Git commands (e.g., 'less').  The value
 	is meant to be interpreted by the shell.  The order of preference

Documentation/config/log.adoc

@@ -59,6 +59,10 @@ This is the same as the `--decorate` option of the `git log`.
 	A list of colors, separated by commas, that can be used to draw
 	history lines in `git log --graph`.
 
+`log.graphIndent`::
+	If `true`, indent visual roots when rendering the graphs with `--graph`.
+	Set true by default. It can be overriden with `--[no-]graph-indent`.
+
 `log.showRoot`::
 	If true, the initial commit will be shown as a big creation event.
 	This is equivalent to a diff against an empty tree.

Documentation/git-cat-file.adoc

@@ -169,6 +169,13 @@ info <object>::
 	Print object info for object reference `<object>`. This corresponds to the
 	output of `--batch-check`.
 
+remote-object-info <remote> <object>...::
+	Print object info for object references `<object>` at specified
+	`<remote>` without downloading objects from the remote.
+	Raise an error when the `object-info` capability is not supported by the remote.
+	Raise an error when no object references are provided.
+	This command may be combined with `--buffer`.
+
 flush::
 	Used with `--buffer` to execute all preceding commands that were issued
 	since the beginning or since the last flush was issued. When `--buffer`
@@ -301,7 +308,8 @@ one per line, and print information based on the command given. With
 `--batch-command`, the `info` command followed by an object will print
 information about the object the same way `--batch-check` would, and the
 `contents` command followed by an object prints contents in the same way
-`--batch` would.
+`--batch` would. The `remote-object-info` command followed by a remote and
+object IDs prints object info from the remote without downloading the objects.
 
 You can specify the information shown for each object by using a custom
 `<format>`. The `<format>` is copied literally to stdout for each
@@ -340,8 +348,15 @@ newline. The available atoms are:
 	after that first run of whitespace (i.e., the "rest" of the
 	line) are output in place of the `%(rest)` atom.
 
+The command `remote-object-info` only supports the `%(objectname)` and
+`%(objectsize)` placeholders. See `CAVEATS` below for more information.
+
 If no format is specified, the default format is `%(objectname)
-%(objecttype) %(objectsize)`.
+%(objecttype) %(objectsize)`, except for `remote-object-info` commands which
+use `%(objectname) %(objectsize)` because `%(objecttype)` is not supported yet.
+
+WARNING: When "%(objecttype)" is supported, the default format WILL be unified,
+so DO NOT RELY on the current default format to stay the same!!!
 
 If `--batch` is specified, or if `--batch-command` is used with the `contents`
 command, the object information is followed by the object contents (consisting
@@ -438,6 +453,10 @@ scripting purposes.
 CAVEATS
 -------
 
+Note that only `%(objectname)` and `%(objectsize)` are currently
+supported by the `remote-object-info` command. Using any other placeholder in
+the format string will return an empty string in its position.
+
 Note that the sizes of objects on disk are reported accurately, but care
 should be taken in drawing conclusions about which refs or objects are
 responsible for disk usage. The size of a packed non-delta object may be

Documentation/gitattributes.adoc

@@ -914,6 +914,8 @@ patterns are available:
 - `scheme` suitable for source code in most Lisp dialects,
   including Scheme, Emacs Lisp, Common Lisp, and Clojure.
 
+- `swift` suitable for source code in the Swift language.
+
 - `tex` suitable for source code for LaTeX documents.
 
 

Documentation/gitprotocol-v2.adoc

@@ -568,21 +568,26 @@ An `object-info` request takes the following arguments:
 
 	oid <oid>
 	Indicates to the server an object which the client wants to obtain
-	information for.
+	information for. They must be full OIDs.
 
-The response of `object-info` is a list of the requested object ids
-and associated requested information, each separated by a single space.
+The response of `object-info` consists of one pkt-line per requested attribute,
+echoing the attributes the server will report, followed by one pkt-line per
+requested object id with its information, each field separated by a single
+space.
 
 	output = info flush-pkt
 
-	info = PKT-LINE(attrs) LF)
-		*PKT-LINE(obj-info LF)
-
-	attrs = attr | attrs SP attrs
+	info = *PKT-LINE(attr LF)
+	       *PKT-LINE(obj-info LF)
 
 	attr = "size"
 
-	obj-info = obj-id SP obj-size
+	obj-size = 1*DIGIT
+
+	obj-info = obj-id [SP [obj-size]]
+
+If the server does not recognize the OID, the response will be `<oid> SP`
+regardless of the number of attributes requested.
 
 bundle-uri
 ~~~~~~~~~~

Documentation/rev-list-options.adoc

@@ -1269,6 +1269,14 @@ This implies the `--topo-order` option by default, but the
 	By default it is set to 0 (no limit), zero and negative values
 	are ignored and treated as no limit.
 
+`--no-graph-indent`::
+`--graph-indent`::
+	When used with `--graph`, indent visual roots (commits with no parents
+	or whose parents are not shown) to differentiate them from commits that
+	are vertically adjacent but unrelated. Enabled by default. Use
+	`--no-graph-indent` to disable or set `log.graphIndent` to set a
+	default preference.
+
 ifdef::git-rev-list[]
 `--count`::
 	Print a number stating how many commits would have been

Makefile

@@ -1169,6 +1169,7 @@ LIB_OBJS += ewah/ewah_io.o
 LIB_OBJS += ewah/ewah_rlw.o
 LIB_OBJS += exec-cmd.o
 LIB_OBJS += fetch-negotiator.o
+LIB_OBJS += fetch-object-info.o
 LIB_OBJS += fetch-pack.o
 LIB_OBJS += fmt-merge-msg.o
 LIB_OBJS += fsck.o

apply.c

@@ -47,11 +47,17 @@ struct gitdiff_data {
 	int p_value;
 };
 
-static void git_apply_config(void)
+static void git_apply_config(struct repository *repo)
 {
-	repo_config_get_string(the_repository, "apply.whitespace", &apply_default_whitespace);
-	repo_config_get_string(the_repository, "apply.ignorewhitespace", &apply_default_ignorewhitespace);
-	repo_config(the_repository, git_xmerge_config, NULL);
+	struct repo_config_values *cfg = repo_config_values(repo);
+
+	FREE_AND_NULL(cfg->apply_default_whitespace);
+	repo_config_get_string(repo, "apply.whitespace",
+			       &cfg->apply_default_whitespace);
+	FREE_AND_NULL(cfg->apply_default_ignorewhitespace);
+	repo_config_get_string(repo, "apply.ignorewhitespace",
+			       &cfg->apply_default_ignorewhitespace);
+	repo_config(repo, git_xmerge_config, NULL);
 }
 
 static int parse_whitespace_option(struct apply_state *state, const char *option)
@@ -109,6 +115,8 @@ int init_apply_state(struct apply_state *state,
 		     struct repository *repo,
 		     const char *prefix)
 {
+	struct repo_config_values *cfg = repo_config_values(repo);
+
 	memset(state, 0, sizeof(*state));
 	state->prefix = prefix;
 	state->repo = repo;
@@ -126,10 +134,13 @@ int init_apply_state(struct apply_state *state,
 	strset_init(&state->kept_symlinks);
 	strbuf_init(&state->root, 0);
 
-	git_apply_config();
-	if (apply_default_whitespace && parse_whitespace_option(state, apply_default_whitespace))
+	git_apply_config(repo);
+
+	if (cfg->apply_default_whitespace &&
+	    parse_whitespace_option(state, cfg->apply_default_whitespace))
 		return -1;
-	if (apply_default_ignorewhitespace && parse_ignorewhitespace_option(state, apply_default_ignorewhitespace))
+	if (cfg->apply_default_ignorewhitespace &&
+	    parse_ignorewhitespace_option(state, cfg->apply_default_ignorewhitespace))
 		return -1;
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -192,7 +203,8 @@ int check_apply_state(struct apply_state *state, int force_apply)
 
 static void set_default_whitespace_mode(struct apply_state *state)
 {
-	if (!state->whitespace_option && !apply_default_whitespace)
+	if (!state->whitespace_option &&
+	    !repo_config_values(state->repo)->apply_default_whitespace)
 		state->ws_error_action = (state->apply ? warn_on_ws_error : nowarn_ws_error);
 }
 
@@ -3893,8 +3905,8 @@ static int check_preimage(struct apply_state *state,
 		if (*ce && !(*ce)->ce_mode)
 			BUG("ce_mode == 0 for path '%s'", old_name);
 
-		if (trust_executable_bit || !S_ISREG(st->st_mode))
-			st_mode = ce_mode_from_stat(*ce, st->st_mode);
+		if (repo_trust_executable_bit(state->repo) || !S_ISREG(st->st_mode))
+			st_mode = ce_mode_from_stat(state->repo, *ce, st->st_mode);
 		else if (*ce)
 			st_mode = (*ce)->ce_mode;
 		else
@@ -4287,7 +4299,8 @@ static int build_fake_ancestor(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *list)
 		}
 	}
 
-	hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, state->fake_ancestor, LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	repo_hold_lock_file_for_update(state->repo, &lock, state->fake_ancestor,
+				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
 	res = write_locked_index(&result, &lock, COMMIT_LOCK);
 	discard_index(&result);
 
@@ -4511,7 +4524,7 @@ static int try_create_file(struct apply_state *state, const char *path,
 		return !!mkdir(path, 0777);
 	}
 
-	if (has_symlinks && S_ISLNK(mode))
+	if (repo_has_symlinks(state->repo) && S_ISLNK(mode))
 		/* Although buf:size is counted string, it also is NUL
 		 * terminated.
 		 */
@@ -4945,9 +4958,10 @@ static int apply_patch(struct apply_state *state,
 	state->update_index = (state->check_index || state->ita_only) && state->apply;
 	if (state->update_index && !is_lock_file_locked(&state->lock_file)) {
 		if (state->index_file)
-			hold_lock_file_for_update(&state->lock_file,
-						  state->index_file,
-						  LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+			repo_hold_lock_file_for_update(state->repo,
+						       &state->lock_file,
+						       state->index_file,
+						       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
 		else
 			repo_hold_locked_index(state->repo, &state->lock_file,
 					       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);

branch.c

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ static int find_tracked_branch(struct remote *remote, void *priv)
 
 static int should_setup_rebase(const char *origin)
 {
-	switch (autorebase) {
+	switch (repo_config_values(the_repository)->autorebase) {
 	case AUTOREBASE_NEVER:
 		return 0;
 	case AUTOREBASE_LOCAL:
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ int read_branch_desc(struct strbuf *buf, const char *branch_name)
  */
 int validate_branchname(const char *name, struct strbuf *ref)
 {
-	if (check_branch_ref(ref, name)) {
+	if (check_branch_ref(the_repository, ref, name)) {
 		int code = die_message(_("'%s' is not a valid branch name"), name);
 		advise_if_enabled(ADVICE_REF_SYNTAX,
 				  _("See 'git help check-ref-format'"));
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ static void prepare_checked_out_branches(void)
 		return;
 	initialized_checked_out_branches = 1;
 
-	worktrees = get_worktrees();
+	worktrees = get_worktrees(the_repository);
 
 	while (worktrees[i]) {
 		char *old, *wt_gitdir;
@@ -846,7 +846,7 @@ void remove_branch_state(struct repository *r, int verbose)
 
 void die_if_checked_out(const char *branch, int ignore_current_worktree)
 {
-	struct worktree **worktrees = get_worktrees();
+	struct worktree **worktrees = get_worktrees(the_repository);
 
 	for (int i = 0; worktrees[i]; i++) {
 		if (worktrees[i]->is_current && ignore_current_worktree)