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feature: updated sem4/DBMS content #215

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11cbf11
added DBMS content
neharoy3 May 29, 2026
feb7d55
minor fixes and removed chp 7 & chp 8
neharoy3 May 30, 2026
657520f
fixed chapters available
neharoy3 May 30, 2026
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion app/components/subjects.tsx
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ const subjectCodes: Record<string, string> = {
};

// Available subjects
const available = ["ep", "c", "em1", "em2", "oops", "dsc", "coa", "os", "ml", "dops", "cd", "cle","ec"];
const available = ["ep", "c", "em1", "em2", "oops", "dsc", "coa", "os", "ml", "dops", "cd", "cle","ec","dbms"];

export default function SubjectsSection() {
return (
Expand Down
52 changes: 35 additions & 17 deletions app/sem4/dbms/[chapter]/page.tsx
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import { Ch1Content } from "../content/chapter1";
import { Ch2Content } from "../content/chapter2";
import { Ch3Content } from "../content/chapter3";
import BookmarkButton from "../../../components/BookmarkButton";
// import { Ch4Content } from "../content/chapter4";
// import { Ch5Content } from "../content/chapter5";
// import { Ch6Content } from "../content/chapter6";
import { Ch4Content } from "../content/chapter4";
import { Ch5Content } from "../content/chapter5";
import { Ch6Content } from "../content/chapter6";
// import { Ch7Content } from "../content/chapter7";
// import { Ch8Content } from "../content/chapter8";

Expand All @@ -24,19 +24,28 @@ const chapters = [
{ id: "ch1", title: "Introduction to Databases", component: Ch1Content },
{ id: "ch2", title: "Entity-Relationship Model", component: Ch2Content },
{ id: "ch3", title: "Relational Model and SQL", component: Ch3Content },
// { id: "ch4", title: "Normalization", component: Ch4Content },
// { id: "ch5", title: "Transactions and Concurrency Control", component: Ch5Content },
// { id: "ch6", title: "Indexing and Hashing", component: Ch6Content },
// { id: "ch7", title: "Query Processing and Optimization", component: Ch7Content },
{ id: "ch4", title: "Normalization", component: Ch4Content },
{
id: "ch5",
title: "Transactions and Concurrency Control",
component: Ch5Content,
},
{ id: "ch6", title: "Indexing and Hashing", component: Ch6Content }
// ,{
// id: "ch7",
// title: "Query Processing and Optimization",
// component: Ch7Content,
// },
// { id: "ch8", title: "Recovery and Security", component: Ch8Content },
];

type ChapterProps = {
params: { chapter: string };
params: Promise<{ chapter: string }>;
};

export default function ChapterPage({ params }: ChapterProps) {
const currentIndex = chapters.findIndex((c) => c.id === params.chapter);
export default async function ChapterPage({ params }: ChapterProps) {
const { chapter: chapterId } = await params;
const currentIndex = chapters.findIndex((c) => c.id === chapterId);
const chapter = chapters[currentIndex];

if (!chapter) {
Expand All @@ -45,7 +54,8 @@ export default function ChapterPage({ params }: ChapterProps) {

const ChapterComponent = chapter.component;
const prevChapter = currentIndex > 0 ? chapters[currentIndex - 1] : null;
const nextChapter = currentIndex < chapters.length - 1 ? chapters[currentIndex + 1] : null;
const nextChapter =
currentIndex < chapters.length - 1 ? chapters[currentIndex + 1] : null;

return (
<div className="flex flex-col bg-[#1B0D00] min-h-full p-2 pt-6 text-[#e2d1c1]">
Expand All @@ -58,7 +68,7 @@ export default function ChapterPage({ params }: ChapterProps) {
<p className={`text-2xl mt-[-8px] ${righteous.className}`}>
{chapter.title}
</p>
<BookmarkButton title={`DBMS: ${chapter.title}`} />
<BookmarkButton title={`DBMS: ${chapter.title}`} />
</div>

<div className="flex justify-between mt-3">
Expand All @@ -71,7 +81,9 @@ export default function ChapterPage({ params }: ChapterProps) {
<ArrowBigLeft className="inline-block mr-1" />
Previous
</Link>
) : <div />}
) : (
<div />
)}

{nextChapter ? (
<Link
Expand All @@ -82,7 +94,9 @@ export default function ChapterPage({ params }: ChapterProps) {
Next
<ArrowBigRight className="inline-block ml-1" />
</Link>
) : <div />}
) : (
<div />
)}
</div>

<hr className="my-6 border-t-3" />
Expand All @@ -100,7 +114,9 @@ export default function ChapterPage({ params }: ChapterProps) {
<ArrowBigLeft className="inline-block mr-1" />
{prevChapter.title}
</Link>
) : <div />}
) : (
<div />
)}

{nextChapter ? (
<Link
Expand All @@ -111,8 +127,10 @@ export default function ChapterPage({ params }: ChapterProps) {
{nextChapter.title}
<ArrowBigRight className="inline-block ml-1" />
</Link>
) : <div />}
) : (
<div />
)}
</div>
</div>
);
}
}
6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions app/sem4/dbms/components/sidebar.tsx
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ export default function Sidebar() {
{ id: "ch1", title: "Introduction to Databases" },
{ id: "ch2", title: "Entity-Relationship Model" },
{ id: "ch3", title: "Relational Model and SQL" },
// { id: "ch4", title: "Normalization" },
// { id: "ch5", title: "Transactions and Concurrency Control" },
// { id: "ch6", title: "Indexing and Hashing" },
{ id: "ch4", title: "Normalization" },
{ id: "ch5", title: "Transactions and Concurrency Control" },
{ id: "ch6", title: "Indexing and Hashing" },
// { id: "ch7", title: "Query Processing and Optimization" },
// { id: "ch8", title: "Recovery and Security" },
];
Expand Down
66 changes: 40 additions & 26 deletions app/sem4/dbms/content/chapter0.tsx
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -16,11 +16,14 @@ export const Ch0Content = () => {
</h3>
<ul className="section-list">
<li>What is a database and why we need it</li>
<li>File system vs database approach</li>
<li>File system vs database approach — comparison table</li>
<li>Advantages of DBMS over file systems</li>
<li>Types of databases: relational, hierarchical, network, object-oriented</li>
<li>Database users: end users, application programmers, DBA</li>
<li>DBMS architecture: 1-tier, 2-tier, 3-tier</li>
<li>Types of databases: relational, hierarchical, network, object-oriented, object-relational</li>
<li>Data models: relational, ER, object-based, network, hierarchical</li>
<li>Database users: naïve, sophisticated, application programmers, DBA, designers</li>
<li>DBMS architecture: 1-tier, 2-tier, 3-tier; three-schema (external/conceptual/internal)</li>
<li>Structure of DBMS: query processor, storage manager, disk storage components</li>
<li>Database design steps: requirements → conceptual → logical → schema refinement → physical → security</li>
</ul>
</section>

Expand All @@ -31,12 +34,14 @@ export const Ch0Content = () => {
Module II: <span className="section-subheading">Entity-Relationship Model</span>
</h3>
<ul className="section-list">
<li>Entities, attributes, and relationships</li>
<li>Types of attributes: simple, composite, multivalued, derived</li>
<li>Entities, attributes, and relationships — ER diagram notation</li>
<li>Types of attributes: simple, composite, multivalued, derived, single-valued</li>
<li>Cardinality: one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many</li>
<li>Participation constraints: total and partial</li>
<li>ER diagram notation and conventions</li>
<li>Extended ER features: specialization, generalization, aggregation</li>
<li>Strong vs weak entities; identifying relationships</li>
<li>Relationship types: binary, recursive (unary), ternary</li>
<li>Extended ER: ISA hierarchies, specialization, generalization, aggregation</li>
<li>Conceptual design choices: entity vs attribute, entity vs relationship, binary vs ternary</li>
</ul>
</section>

Expand All @@ -47,28 +52,33 @@ export const Ch0Content = () => {
Module III: <span className="section-subheading">Relational Model and SQL</span>
</h3>
<ul className="section-list">
<li>Relational model: tables, tuples, attributes, domains</li>
<li>Keys: primary, candidate, foreign, super key</li>
<li>Relational algebra operations</li>
<li>SQL basics: DDL, DML, DCL, TCL</li>
<li>Joins: inner, outer, natural, cross</li>
<li>Subqueries, views, and aggregation functions</li>
<li>Relational model: tables, tuples, attributes, domains, cardinality, degree</li>
<li>Keys: primary, candidate, foreign, super, composite, alternate, unique</li>
<li>Integrity constraints: domain, entity, referential, key constraints (NULL, NOT NULL, CHECK)</li>
<li>SQL data types: string (CHAR, VARCHAR), numeric (INT, FLOAT, DECIMAL), date/time</li>
<li>DDL: CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE — DML: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE</li>
<li>Querying: WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, HAVING, LIMIT</li>
<li>Joins: inner, outer (left/right/full), natural, cross</li>
<li>Relational algebra: σ, π, ∪, ∩, −, ×, ⋈</li>
<li>Subqueries, views — creating, using, and destroying</li>
<li>Foreign key violation handling: CASCADE, SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, NO ACTION</li>
<li>Transactions and constraints: DEFERRED vs IMMEDIATE constraint checking</li>
</ul>
</section>

<hr className="my-6 border-[#c7a669] opacity-40" />

<section>
<h3 className="section-heading">
Module IV: <span className="section-subheading">Normalization</span>
Module IV: <span className="section-subheading">Normalization / Schema Refinement</span>
</h3>
<ul className="section-list">
<li>Functional dependencies and their types</li>
<li>Anomalies: insertion, deletion, update</li>
<li>Functional dependencies: full, partial, transitive; Armstrong's axioms</li>
<li>Normal forms: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF</li>
<li>Decomposition: lossless join and dependency preservation</li>
<li>Multivalued dependencies and 4NF</li>
<li>Practical approach to normalization</li>
<li>Multi-valued dependencies and 4NF</li>
<li>Join dependencies and 5NF (Project-Join Normal Form)</li>
</ul>
</section>

Expand All @@ -80,17 +90,21 @@ export const Ch0Content = () => {
</h3>
<ul className="section-list">
<li>Transaction concept and ACID properties</li>
<li>Transaction states: active, partially committed, committed, failed, aborted</li>
<li>Concurrency problems: lost update, dirty read, unrepeatable read</li>
<li>Concurrency control techniques: locking, timestamps</li>
<li>Two-phase locking protocol</li>
<li>Deadlock detection and recovery</li>
<li>Transaction states: active → partially committed → committed / failed → aborted → terminated</li>
<li>Schedules: serial, non-serial, serializable (conflict and view)</li>
<li>Recoverability: irrecoverable, recoverable, cascadeless, strict schedules</li>
<li>Isolation levels: read uncommitted, read committed, repeatable read, serializable</li>
<li>Lock-based protocols: simplistic, pre-claiming, 2PL, strict-2PL</li>
<li>Timestamp-based protocols: basic TO, Thomas's write rule</li>
<li>Validation-based protocol; multiple granularity and intention locks</li>
<li>Recovery: log-based (deferred/immediate), checkpoints, ARIES algorithm</li>
<li>Database backup: full, incremental, differential</li>
</ul>
</section>

<hr className="my-6 border-[#c7a669] opacity-40" />

<section>
<section>
<h3 className="section-heading">
Module VI: <span className="section-subheading">Indexing and Hashing</span>
</h3>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -141,9 +155,9 @@ export const Ch0Content = () => {
<p className="p-text">
By the end of this course, you will understand how to design databases,
write efficient SQL queries, normalize data, manage transactions, and
handle indexing and recovery — providing a strong foundation for
handle concurrency and recovery — providing a strong foundation for
real-world database development and system design.
</p>
</div>
);
};
};
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