Add range() throw type extension

[zonuexe]

PhpStorm stubs declare @throws \ValueError on range(), so every call is an explicit throw point and PHPStan does not report a catch around a valid call as dead:

try {
	$a = range(1, 10);
} catch (\ValueError $e) { // not reported before this PR
}

On PHP 8.0+, range() throws ValueError for:

• a step of 0, or one wider than the range, which covers an infinite step;
• a negative step on an increasing range, a NAN step and a step of PHP_INT_MIN (8.3+);
• an infinite boundary, and a NAN one since 8.3;
• a range with more items than an array can hold.

PHP 7 reported these with a warning and a false return value.

The extension looks at native types. It returns VoidType on PHP 7, and on PHP 8 when it can prove the call succeeds:

• every argument is a constant number or string, and the step a number;
• RangeFunctionArgumentsHelper finds that no analysed PHP version rejects the arguments. It checks the PHP 8.3 rules and the older ones separately. For a range of at most ARRAY_COUNT_LIMIT items it also uses the verdict of calling range(), but only when PHPStan itself runs on PHP 8.3 or newer;
• the range has fewer items than RANGE_SIZE_LIMIT, the HT_MAX_SIZE of a 32-bit PHP. A range whose number of items does not fit into a float, such as range(-1.0e308, 1.0e308), keeps the throw point.

Otherwise it keeps the declared ValueError. Two cases stay undecided on purpose:

• A string boundary before PHP 8.3. range('1', 'a', 30) is a character range on 8.3, while 8.2 turns '1' into a number and 'a' into 0, and throws because 30 exceeds the range 1..0.
• Integers beyond 2 ** 53, which PHP compares exactly and a float cannot. range(0, 2 ** 60 - 1, 2 ** 60) throws on 8.2.

Since the extension reads $scope->getPhpVersion(), I split the test data by PHP_VERSION_ID. As in the sibling tests, a second method expects every catch to be dead on PHP 7, which has no ValueError, and the test expects range('a', 'z') to be decided for PHP 8.3 only when it runs on PHP 8.3 or newer. On PHP 7 the self-analysis reports the catch in RangeFunctionArgumentsHelper::callRange() as dead, so build/baseline-pre-8.0.neon ignores it. RangeFunctionArgumentsHelperTest covers the cases that depend on the PHP running PHPStan. The tests fail without the extension.

#6492 changes the return type of range() and uses the same helper. I cherry-picked the helper commits into it, so the two PRs merge in either order.

[phpstan-bot]

This pull request has been marked as ready for review.