fs: abort in-flight stat operations

[mertcanaltin]

Follow-up to #57775. The signal option only honored the pre-aborted case (#57775 (comment) by @Renegade334). This wires the signal as an abort listener so fs.stat callbacks reject with AbortError when the signal fires mid-request.

Refs: #57775

[bakkot]

Drive-by: this looks like it's still not actually canceling the underlying call, which would involve invoking uv_cancel somewhere.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 96.66667% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 90.03%. Comparing base (1fd4949) to head (6d3d629).
⚠️ Report is 12 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/node_file.cc	83.33%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##             main   #63142    +/-   ##
========================================
  Coverage   90.03%   90.03%            
========================================
  Files         713      713            
  Lines      224699   224978   +279     
  Branches    42473    42541    +68     
========================================
+ Hits       202310   202563   +253     
- Misses      14179    14183     +4     
- Partials     8210     8232    +22     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/fs.js	98.21% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
src/node_file.cc	74.25% <83.33%> (+0.05%)	⬆️

... and 49 files with indirect coverage changes

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[mertcanaltin]

Thanks for review @bakkot I added a new binding function for cancel