gcp-metadata: macOS AWDL interface with a 42:01 MAC is detected as GCE; METADATA_SERVER_DETECTION=none is then ignored and metadata requests hang #9338

Library Name

gcp-metadata (with google-auth-library)

A screenshot that you have tested with "Try this API"

N/A. This is local environment detection in the client library, and no API call is involved.

Link to the code that reproduces this issue

https://gist.github.com/A13k2/9461bca8cbfdb9d286a8ff2826cd96e6

Steps to reproduce

1. npm i google-auth-library gcp-metadata
2. METADATA_SERVER_DETECTION=none HOME=$(mktemp -d) node repro.js

The script adds a fake awdl0 interface with MAC 42:01:d6:57:43:fd to os.networkInterfaces(), which is what an affected Mac reports. It then prints detectGCPResidency() and requestTimeout() and calls new GoogleAuth().getClient(). Set REAL_INTERFACES=1 to skip the fake interface.

Output on macOS 26.6, Node 22.23.1:

== google-auth-library 9.15.1 / gcp-metadata 6.1.1
detectGCPResidency(): true
requestTimeout(): 0 (0 = no timeout)
getClient(): still pending after 15000ms

== google-auth-library 11.0.2 / gcp-metadata 9.0.3
detectGCPResidency(): true
requestTimeout(): 0 (0 = no timeout)
getClient() resolved with Compute after 2383 ms

== control, same machine with awdl0/llw0 down
detectGCPResidency(): false
requestTimeout(): 3000
getClient(): Could not load the default credentials. ... after 0 ms

What the bug is, and what I expected

On macOS, the Apple Wireless Direct Link interfaces (awdl0, llw0, used by AirDrop and Continuity) use a randomized, locally administered MAC address. On my machine that address currently starts with 42:01 (ether 42:01:d6:57:43:fd). isGoogleComputeEngineMACAddress() matches any interface against /^42:01/, so detectGCPResidency() returns true on an ordinary laptop.

After that:

• GoogleAuth._checkIsGCE() runs gcpMetadata.getGCPResidency() || await gcpMetadata.isAvailable(). The residency check short-circuits, so METADATA_SERVER_DETECTION=none is never read.
• requestTimeout() returns 0, so metadata requests to 169.254.169.254 have no timeout.

The result is that firebase emulators:start hangs indefinitely before the Functions emulator starts, and the process sits in SYN_SENT to 169.254.169.254:80. Setting METADATA_SERVER_DETECTION=none, the documented escape hatch from googleapis/gcp-metadata#548, has no effect. Toggling Wi-Fi does not change the AWDL MAC. The only fix I found is sudo ifconfig awdl0 down && sudo ifconfig llw0 down.

I expected at least one of these:

1. METADATA_SERVER_DETECTION=none is honoured even when the MAC check matches, so it overrides detection.
2. The MAC check is skipped outside Linux, or skips interfaces that can't be GCE NICs (such as awdl*/llw* or link-local-only interfaces). GCE VMs run Linux or Windows, never macOS.

Why I expect this

• The METADATA_SERVER_DETECTION docs in gcp-metadata describe none as "don't try to ping the metadata server, but don't try to use it either". Today it only applies when the residency check says no.
• 42:01 falls in the locally administered MAC range, which any OS can pick at random, so matching it alone is not a reliable sign of GCE. macOS assigns these addresses to AWDL by design.
• Related: METADATA_SERVER_DETECTION override ignored in the emulator by _checkIsGCE() in google-auth-library calling gcpMetadata.getGCPResidency or gcpMetadata.isAvailable firebase/firebase-tools#7566 reports the same _checkIsGCE() bypass of METADATA_SERVER_DETECTION from the emulator side. This issue gives a concrete trigger for it on macOS.