The reference implementation of the Decentralized Universal Compute Protocol (DUCP), in Rust.
Status: Reference implementation for DUCP-SPEC v0.2.0 (reference-node binding, MVP / devnet) — functional end to end. A single-sequencer devnet accepts a task, executes it deterministically, verifies it by sampled re-execution / open challenge, and settles it with real 𝕌 and Standing accounting. Advanced tiers (TEE/ZK, BFT, trustless energy attestation, on-chain governance) sit behind traits as documented seams.
"node" means a network participant — the software you run to take part in the DUCP network (as a Provider, Validator, etc.). It is not Node.js and contains no JavaScript.
A node implementation of the DUCP protocol. The protocol itself — the white paper, normative specification, and reference-node binding — lives in ducp-protocol/ducp-spec. This repository is the reference implementation for DUCP-SPEC v0.2.0, conforming to the pinned choices in spec/bindings/.
The reference-node binding pins the buildable choices — WebAssembly IR (wasmtime), single-sequencer devnet, sampled re-execution — while preserving every protocol invariant. The Quant (ℚ) efficiency observable is recorded as the reward-neutral (𝕌, ℚ) pair from genesis (ℚ null until energy attestation exists).
This repository is a Cargo workspace: reusable protocol crates live under crates/, and the runnable node is a separate member at ducp-node/. That split is deliberate — libraries stay small, dependency boundaries stay explicit, and each crate can be tested and versioned on its own — while the root Cargo.toml stays a thin workspace manifest (not a monolithic src/ tree). Putting the binary crate in ducp-node/ (rather than at the repo root) keeps that layout symmetric and leaves room for additional binaries without cluttering the workspace root.
| Crate | Path | Responsibility |
|---|---|---|
ducp-types |
crates/ducp-types |
Canonical data model: identifiers, tasks, records, txs/blocks, the Compute Proof, and the ℚ types; borsh codec, BLAKE3 hashing, Ed25519 keys |
ducp-dvm |
crates/dvm |
The DUCP Virtual Machine — deterministic WebAssembly execution and fuel-based 𝕌 metering; the benchmark; the Ir registry seam |
ducp-verification |
crates/verification |
Sampled re-execution + challenge; the EnergyAttestor seam (ℚ); reserved TEE/ZK verifier seams |
ducp-ledger |
crates/ledger |
The state machine: accounts, 𝕌, Standing, the ℚ-ledger, settlement, fraud resolution, clawback/finality |
ducp-consensus |
crates/consensus |
Transaction ordering and finality — SingleSequencer (BFT is a later ConsensusEngine) |
ducp-governance |
crates/governance |
Static parameter set (devnet defaults); the ParamSource on-chain-governance seam |
ducp-node |
ducp-node |
The node binary + JSON-RPC server, mempool, scheduler, keystore, blob store; plus the ducp-worker load driver |
ducp-conformance |
crates/conformance |
Loads the published golden vectors and checks them against the reference crates |
cargo build
cargo test --workspace # unit + integration + conformance
# Run a single-sequencer node:
cargo run -p ducp-node -- --listen 127.0.0.1:8645Requires a recent stable Rust toolchain (pinned in rust-toolchain.toml); the DVM uses wasmtime.
PORT=8650 TASKS=5 scripts/devnet.shThis starts a sequencer and runs the beachhead workload against it over JSON-RPC — submit → claim → execute → proof → settle, repeatedly — printing the settled 𝕌 and the (𝕌, ℚ) record for each task.
The node was built along the reference-node binding roadmap (spec/bindings/README.md):
| # | Milestone | What it delivers |
|---|---|---|
| M0 | Data model + codecs | ducp-types: canonical borsh encoding, BLAKE3 hashing, Ed25519, the ℚ types |
| M1 | Wasm DVM + metering | deterministic wasmtime runtime, fuel → 𝕌, the benchmark, deterministic failures |
| M2 | Devnet ledger | accounts, escrow, settlement, Standing, the ℚ-ledger; I-LEDGER-CONSERVE |
| M3 | End-to-end | single-sequencer consensus + JSON-RPC node; submit → settle over RPC |
| M4 | Verification | sampled re-execution + open challenge; clawback, offsetting burn, fine, Standing floor |
| M5 | Clawback + finality | bonded stake locked then released; settled tx never rewritten (I-ECON-FINAL) |
| M6 | Devnet + dogfood | multi-process devnet, state-machine replication, beachhead workload |
Every settled task records the reward-neutral (𝕌, ℚ) pair (DP-0001, spec/09). On the live devnet ℚ is null (NullAttestor, no energy measured) and the efficiency multiplier on Standing is 1.0, so base settlement is strictly 𝕌-proportional (I-Q-REWARDNEUTRAL). The Sealed-ℚ floor computation and the three gated Power-Seal checks are implemented (SealedAttestor) and verified against the DP-0001 §9 / spec/09 §10 conformance vector — four providers, identical 𝕌 and payment, ℚ ≈ {0.43, 1.00, 1.64, null}.
Published in test-vectors/ and checked by ducp-conformance. Six families:
| Family | Source | Milestone |
|---|---|---|
codec/ |
spec/bindings/01 §7 | M0 |
metering/ |
spec/bindings/02 §5 | M1 |
settlement/ |
spec/bindings/04 §3 | M2/M3/M5 |
fraud/ |
spec/bindings/03 §4, 04 §4 | M4/M5 |
replication/ |
spec/bindings/04 §6 | M6 |
q-observable/ |
spec/09 §10, DP-0001 §9 | ℚ |
Regenerate after an intentional change:
cargo run -p ducp-conformance --bin gen-vectorsOut of scope for this binding, each represented by a trait so it is additive later: TEE/ZK tiers (Verifier), BFT consensus (ConsensusEngine), trustless energy attestation and the efficiency bonus (EnergyAttestor), multiple IRs (IrRegistry), on-chain governance (ParamSource), and persistent/Merkle state (Storage). Provisional choices (borsh, BLAKE3, Ed25519, UCU_DECIMALS = 9, the fuel cost model) are tuned on devnet and frozen toward 1.0.
This implementation pins to a specification version; the current target is DUCP spec v0.2.0. Anything that would change the protocol belongs first as a proposal in the ducp-spec repo — this repository implements the spec, it does not define it.
Contributions are welcome under the project's Contributor License Agreement — see CONTRIBUTING and the CLA. All participation follows the Code of Conduct.
Business Source License 1.1 (source-available), converting to Apache-2.0 at v1.0 — see LICENSE. Draft, pending counsel review.
© 2026 Pawan Singh. "DUCP", "Decentralized Universal Compute Protocol", and the 𝕌 / UCU mark are trademarks of the author.