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feat(ai): extend the prompt injection defense to streamed suggestions - #668

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fix/ai-stream-prompt-injection
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feat(ai): extend the prompt injection defense to streamed suggestions#668
Reversean wants to merge 1 commit into
feat/ai-streamingfrom
fix/ai-stream-prompt-injection

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@Reversean Reversean commented Jul 29, 2026

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The one-shot path scans the finished answer before returning it. A stream cannot be checked that way: it leaves the server while still being written, and a nonce split across two deltas passes a per-chunk scan untouched.

Add a holdback guard. It withholds the last nonce.length − 1 characters and scans withheld + new chunk on every delta, releasing only text that cannot be the start of the nonce. The bound is exact — for the nonce to straddle the send boundary, more than nonce.length − 1 characters after its first one must already be sent — so every occurrence falls inside one scanned window and the nonce never reaches the client. Detection itself is unchanged and shared with the one-shot path.

The guard runs in streamText's experimental_transform, on typed TextStreamPart chunks: in the encoded SSE bytes the nonce is split by JSON envelopes and escaping, where no substring search can find it. The withheld tail is released on text-end rather than in the TransformStream's flush, so deltas stay inside the block they belong to.

stopStream is not used: it requires synthesising finish-step and finish chunks whose shape is tied to the SDK version. Suppressing text instead keeps the stream well-formed, at the cost of tokens the model goes on producing unheard — paid only when the tripwire fires.

On detection the guard emits the fallback message once and stays silent, logging eventId and originalEventId. The prefix already sent cannot be retracted, which is acceptable: the nonce is what triggered detection and is still withheld when it fires.

The transport takes a StreamGuard port declared in the domain layer and does not know what a leak is.

@Reversean
Reversean force-pushed the fix/ai-stream-prompt-injection branch 2 times, most recently from a08550b to 18f7aa1 Compare July 29, 2026 16:21
@Reversean
Reversean force-pushed the fix/ai-stream-prompt-injection branch from 18f7aa1 to 571263c Compare July 29, 2026 17:22
@Reversean Reversean changed the title feat(ai): defend streamed Ask AI suggestions against prompt injection feat(ai): extend the prompt injection defense to streamed suggestions Jul 29, 2026
@Reversean
Reversean force-pushed the fix/ai-stream-prompt-injection branch from 571263c to e64c1a7 Compare July 29, 2026 17:50
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neSpecc requested a lite review from Copilot August 5, 2026 12:47

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Pull request overview

Extends the existing prompt-injection / marker-leak defense from one-shot completions to streamed AI suggestions by introducing nonce-based spotlighting, deterministic leak detection, and a streaming “holdback” guard that prevents nonce substrings from crossing chunk boundaries.

Changes:

  • Add spotlighting markers + per-request random nonce in the prompt, and reject outputs that reproduce the nonce.
  • Add streaming leak defense via a holdback guard wired into streamText(...).experimental_transform.
  • Add an Express /integration/ai/stream route that proxies the UI message stream response; expand tests and shared test helpers accordingly.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 20 out of 20 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file
File Description
test/services/askAi.test.ts Expands AIService tests to cover spotlighting, rejection reporting, and stream guard wiring.
test/services/askAi-spotlighting.test.ts Adds unit coverage for prompt marker wrapping and nonce generation/collision handling.
test/services/askAi-leak-detector.test.ts Adds unit tests for deterministic nonce leak detection behavior.
test/services/askAi-holdback.test.ts Adds unit tests for the streaming holdback guard behavior and edge cases.
test/integrations/vercel-ai.test.ts Adds tests for streamText usage and the guarded transform wiring/semantics.
test/integrations/github-routes.test.ts Refactors to reuse the new Express request helper.
test/integrations/ai-routes.test.ts Adds route-level tests for the new SSE proxy endpoint and auth/validation paths.
test/helpers/expressRequest.ts Introduces a reusable Express request/response harness that supports pipe() streaming.
src/services/types.ts Exports the Event type for reuse (e.g., AI service internals).
src/services/askAi/security/spotlighting.ts Implements nonce-based marker wrapping (buildEventPrompt) + system spotlighting instruction.
src/services/askAi/security/leakDetector.ts Adds isLeaked + fallback message constant for suggestion rejection.
src/services/askAi/security/holdback.ts Implements streaming holdback guard (createLeakGuard) to detect nonce across deltas.
src/services/askAi/inputs/eventSolving.ts Documents that this serialization is unwrapped/untrusted and must be wrapped via spotlighting.
src/services/ai.ts Updates AIService to use spotlighting + leak detection, and adds a streaming suggestion method.
src/integrations/vercel-ai/routes.ts Adds /integration/ai/stream proxy route for the UI message stream response.
src/integrations/vercel-ai/index.ts Adds vercelAIApi.stream and the guarded transform that applies the stream guard to deltas.
src/index.ts Registers the new AI assistant routes on the Express app.
src/directives/requireUserInWorkspace.ts Exports checkUserInWorkspaceByProjectId for reuse in the new route.
package.json Bumps package version.
.eslintrc.js Declares Fetch/Streams globals used in tests and streaming code.

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Comment thread src/integrations/vercel-ai/index.ts
Comment thread src/integrations/vercel-ai/routes.ts
Comment thread src/integrations/vercel-ai/routes.ts Outdated
Reversean added a commit that referenced this pull request Aug 5, 2026
The stream route mapped any error from streamSuggestion to a 404
"Event not found", including failures unrelated to the event lookup
(e.g. a stream construction error). Only the exact "Event not found"
error is now reported as 404; anything else is forwarded to Express's
error handling.

Flagged by Copilot while reviewing #668, against code this PR added.
The one-shot path scans the finished answer before returning it. A streamed answer leaves the server while it is still being written, so the same scan cannot be applied: a nonce split across two deltas passes a per-delta check untouched and the marker reaches the client.

The stream now runs through a guard holding back the last nonce.length - 1 characters and scanning them together with each new delta, releasing only text that can no longer begin the nonce. That length is the exact minimum for an occurrence to always fall inside a single scanned window.

The guard is applied to the model's typed stream parts rather than the encoded SSE bytes, where JSON envelopes and escaping would split the nonce beyond the reach of a substring scan.

On detection the rest of the answer is replaced by the fallback message and the event ids are logged. The stream is not aborted: aborting obliges the caller to synthesize finish chunks whose shape follows the SDK version, and suppressing text keeps the stream well formed instead.

What counts as a leak stays in the domain layer behind a port, so the provider adapter still knows nothing about it.
@Reversean
Reversean force-pushed the fix/ai-stream-prompt-injection branch from e64c1a7 to 983fded Compare August 5, 2026 14:12
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2 participants