refactor(workflow): strengthen contracts and zod boundaries

[Waishnav]

Summary

• Add shared JSON-safe values and JSON Schema contracts, plus schema-derived agent() output typing via json-schema-to-ts.
• Validate workflow metadata, agent options, persisted JSON, provider ids, run states, and event payloads with Zod.
• Make provider capabilities exhaustive and replace loosely typed event payloads with a discriminated map.
• Preserve tuple positions in parallel() and add typed pipeline overloads.

Stack

• Base: pr/dw-6-native-schema (PR feat(agents): native schema for codex/claude agent({ schema }) #99)
• Branch: pr/dw-7-typed-contracts-zod

Test plan

• npm run typecheck
• npm test
• npm run build
• Compile-time coverage for schema-derived agent output and tuple-preserving parallel results
• Runtime coverage for metadata/options/event/provider validation

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• Commit unit tests in branch pr/dw-7-typed-contracts-zod

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