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Reference chains for surviving live-heap samples via a bounded manual heap walk (PROF-15341) - #644

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@jbachorik jbachorik commented Jul 8, 2026

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What does this PR do?:

This PR adds reference chains for live-heap leak candidates (PROF-15341).
LivenessTracker tracks class populations across GC generations. A class
with a sustained growth trend becomes a leak candidate. For each candidate,
a background BFS thread walks the heap. It records the referrer chain from a
GC root to a live instance. The profiler writes each chain as a
datadog.ReferenceChain JFR event.

Key properties:

  • The walk uses JVMTI heap calls only. It reads no raw oop. JVMTI applies the active collector's own barriers. This keeps the walk correct on every collector, including ZGC with concurrent relocation.
  • The walk runs in small, budgeted passes. Each pass resumes from a persisted frontier. Each pass is abortable.
  • A PID controller keeps each pass under the pause-time target. Two leaky buckets cap total safepoint cost and total CPU cost.
  • The subsystem is off by default. Set referencechains=true to enable it.
flowchart LR
    A[LivenessTracker leak candidates] --> B[marker-tag representative objects]
    B --> C[BFS pass: roots + static sweep + expand + descend walks]
    C --> D[chain found and pruned]
    D --> E[chain cached and re-stamped into each JFR dump]
Loading

Main design decisions. The full detail lives in the design documents listed
under "Additional Notes":

  • Bounded manual walk. Each pass makes one batched FollowReferences call. One BFS level is expanded per safepoint operation. No pass walks the whole heap at once.
  • Static-field roots. Objects held only by static fields are invisible to root enumeration. A chunked, resumable sweep covers them. The sweep runs only when the loaded-class set changed.
  • Candidate-scoped reach. An open chase gets bounded descend walks before breadth-first work. One prong walks the candidate threads' ThreadLocalMap subgraphs. One prong walks root-attached static holders.
  • Canary chase. Each candidate gets a marker tag on its representative object. The walk records the chain at the first match. A chase that makes no progress backs off exponentially. A chase with no progress for 30 passes is abandoned.
  • Rotation. A growing static final collection is already visited by the walk. The search stays open while a watched class grows. Rotation re-expands the flagged containers and picks up new elements.
  • Termination. A search ends by completion, wall-clock TTL, frontier cap, or stuck chase. The reason is reported in a datadog.ReferenceChainAbandoned event. Restarts need a live leak signal and pain-budget headroom.
  • OOM ramp. The projected time to OOM drives an exponential ramp of pause target, cadence, and budget. Liveness tracking admission rises to 100% during the ramp.
  • Admission boost. During a chase, the candidates' allocating threads are admitted to liveness tracking at 100%. The default is 10% subsampling. The boost only adds admissions. It never drops one.

Motivation:

PROF-15341: give live-heap samples that survive long enough to look
leak-shaped an actual referrer chain, not just "this object is still alive",
without regressing safepoint-pause behavior on low-pause collectors.

Additional Notes:

Design documents shipped with this PR:

  • doc/reference-chains-design.md: why bounded BFS-from-roots was chosen over the alternatives.
  • doc/reference-chains-collection-summary.md: the four components. These are detection signal, resumable walk, latency budgets, and rotation.
  • doc/architecture/LiveHeapReferenceChains.md: the full architecture. It covers the frontier and tag lifecycle, triggering, and termination.
  • doc/architecture/LiveHeapReferenceChains-Implementation.md: the as-built implementation reference. It covers the pass structure, root discovery, candidate-scoped reach, canary tagging, rotation tiers, and pacing arithmetic.
  • doc/architecture/ReferenceChains-SignalsExplained.md: a guided tour of the scheduling side. It covers cadence, the leak-signal gate, the pain budget, the PID controller, canary backoff, the OOM ramp, and the abort path.

Other notes:

  • The tuning defaults are round, unbenchmarked placeholders. JMH cannot tune them: the cost is STW pause time per pass plus CPU on a native background thread, and the feature only activates after leak-detection hysteresis clears over many GC epochs. The shipped utils/ tooling measures the real quantities directly: per-pass safepoint durations from JFR and the tracker pass-cost telemetry (see LiveHeapReferenceChains-Implementation.md §11). A coarse JMH on/off A/B remains useful as an end-to-end throughput regression guard.

How to test the change?:

  • ./gradlew :ddprof-lib:gtestDebug: the native unit suite. It covers the walk engine, frontier table, target selection, rotation, pacing, JFR roundtrip, argument parsing, and the leak-candidate ranking.
  • ./gradlew :ddprof-test:testDebug --tests "*referencechains.*": the Java suite:
    • ExternalProcessReferenceChainTest: separate-process end-to-end. A child JVM runs a leaking app. The test asserts the chain's leaf class. It also asserts the chain re-emits into three fresh JFR dumps. One case appends to an already-discovered static final collection and asserts the chain for a later element.
    • ThreadLocalLeakReferenceChainTest: separate-process. The leak is reachable only through a worker thread's ThreadLocalMap.
    • LeakTagCorrelationReferenceChainTest: leak-tag correlation, plus rotation under pod-like tight pass windows.
    • AggressiveLeakReferenceChainTest: the search gate opens on heap-wide growth with no single candidate. It stays closed on a flat heap floor.
    • ReferenceChainTrackingTest: in-process coverage for the walk engine, target selection, and abandonment reporting.
    • ReferenceChainJfrParserTest: JFR-side parsing.
    • ReferenceChainTestSeamsTest: C++ seam exposure.
  • Repro and chaos tooling: utils/run-refchains-repro.sh with ddprof-stresstest's ReferenceChainLeakDemo; utils/sweep-refchains-*.sh with utils/refchains-report*.py; utils/run-chaos-harness.sh with ReferenceChainLeakAntagonist.

For Datadog employees:

  • If this PR touches code that signs or publishes builds or packages, or handles
    credentials of any kind, I've requested a security review (run the dd:platform-security-review
    skill, or file a request via the PSEC review form).
    bewaire also runs automatically on every PR.
  • This PR doesn't touch any of that.
  • JIRA: PROF-15341

Unsure? Have a question? Request a review!

@jbachorik jbachorik added the AI label Jul 8, 2026
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CI Test Results

Run: #35248781237 | Commit: d919b2f | Duration: 15m 54s (longest job)

All 32 test jobs passed

Status Overview

JDK glibc-aarch64/debug glibc-amd64/debug musl-aarch64/debug musl-amd64/debug
8 - - -
8-ibm - - -
8-j9 - -
8-librca - -
8-orcl - - -
11 - - -
11-j9 - -
11-librca - -
17 - -
17-graal - -
17-j9 - -
17-librca - -
21 - -
21-graal - -
21-librca - -
25 - -
25-graal - -
25-librca - -

Legend: ✅ passed | ❌ failed | ⚪ skipped | 🚫 cancelled

Summary: Total: 32 | Passed: 32 | Failed: 0


Updated: 2026-09-17 17:06:27 UTC

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Reliability & Chaos Results

1 failure(s) detected Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/java-profiler/-/pipelines/127431974

❌ chaos: profiler gmalloc aarch64 21 0 3 temXchaos
chaos.jar unavailable

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Benchmark Results (commit cfec595)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/123822759 Commit: cfec5956f438cc43b62cd2c81cbe46077ef66168

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 💥 akka-uct (JDK 25): latest crashed
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 25 💥 0 ms (0 iters) 💥 0 ms (0 iters) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 1 1949 / 2055 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / · ✅ / · ✅ / · ✅ / · ✅ / · ✅ / ·
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 1 8727 / 8389 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 8166 / 8396 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 2 1292 / 1256 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 1 1288 / 1290 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 2830 / 3023 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / ✅ 2976 / 2821 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 · / ✅ · / ✅ · / 3 · / 3555 · / ✅ · / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 3 3499 / 3485 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 1592 / 1697 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 1922 / 1854 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

jbachorik added a commit that referenced this pull request Jul 10, 2026
…racking

Addresses review findings from PR #644 (reference chains for surviving
live-heap samples): FrontierTable's shared-lock mutation race, a
single-byte JFR event size prefix that silently truncates chains longer
than 255 bytes, blocking sample-lock retries in writeReferenceChain()
now bounded by a shared per-batch deadline with a drop counter,
unvalidated referencechains sub-option values, a startThread()/
pthread_kill() race publishing _running before the thread handle is
initialized, a null-JNIEnv leak in threadLoop(), releaseSearchTags()
now surfacing GetObjectsWithTags() failures so restartSearch() never
resets tag state prematurely, resolveLoadedClasses() skipping its
per-class scan only when the loaded-class count is unchanged (not just
non-decreasing), a spurious COMPLETED state after a failed first-pass
FollowReferences call, and removal of a leftover debug helper in
ExternalProcessReferenceChainTest. Adds regression test coverage for
release-failure and negative-value option paths.

Verified via the full ddprof-lib gtestDebug suite (149/149 tasks,
57/57 referenceChains_ut tests).

Environment: Datadog workspace

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Benchmark Results (commit 0714bd3)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124004132 Commit: 0714bd3166261f2710c22414dbfa68c11c699bdc

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 🟢 fj-kmeans (JDK 21): runtime -2.6% (2834→2761 ms)
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10184 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10371 ms (21 iters) ≈ +1.8% (±11.5%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8891 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8865 ms (24 iters) ≈ -0.3% (±10.2%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 6003 ms (33 iters) ✅ 6034 ms (33 iters) ≈ +0.5% (±25.2%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5507 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5426 ms (36 iters) ≈ -1.5% (±23.8%) ⚠️ W:4 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2834 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2761 ms (67 iters) 🟢 -2.6% — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2824 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2838 ms (66 iters) ≈ +0.5% (±2.7%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2113 ms (88 iters) ✅ 2065 ms (89 iters) ≈ -2.3% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2059 ms (90 iters) ✅ 2102 ms (89 iters) ≈ +2.1% (±2.6%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1283 ms (134 iters) ✅ 1260 ms (135 iters) ≈ -1.8% (±32%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1016 ms (169 iters) ✅ 1017 ms (168 iters) ≈ +0.1% (±31.5%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16658 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16371 ms (16 iters) ≈ -1.7% (±9%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18507 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18056 ms (15 iters) ≈ -2.4% (±5.6%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 1929 / 2034 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 1 2310 / 2113 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 5 8529 / 8852 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 8635 / 8390 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 5 1284 / 1281 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 5 / 2 1283 / 1285 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 2930 / 2864 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / ✅ 2963 / 2953 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 7 / 6 3558 / 3510 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 4 3463 / 3469 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 1564 / 1782 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1905 / 1681 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit 700d838)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124275960 Commit: 700d838fc33298d5789fd9e1b29c8a142c11f41e

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 🔴 fj-kmeans (JDK 21): runtime +4.5% (2598→2715 ms)
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10425 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10259 ms (21 iters) ≈ -1.6% (±11.1%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8748 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8797 ms (24 iters) ≈ +0.6% (±10.5%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 5970 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5982 ms (33 iters) ≈ +0.2% (±25.3%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5469 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5468 ms (36 iters) ≈ -0% (±24.3%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2598 ms (73 iters) ✅ 2715 ms (69 iters) 🔴 +4.5% — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2784 ms (67 iters) ✅ 2847 ms (66 iters) ≈ +2.3% (±2.7%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2122 ms (87 iters) ✅ 2126 ms (88 iters) ≈ +0.2% (±2.7%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2035 ms (91 iters) ✅ 2057 ms (91 iters) ≈ +1.1% (±2.7%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1304 ms (131 iters) ✅ 1253 ms (136 iters) ≈ -3.9% (±32.2%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1015 ms (169 iters) ✅ 1018 ms (168 iters) ≈ +0.3% (±31.8%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16107 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16847 ms (15 iters) ≈ +4.6% (±7.9%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18469 ms (15 iters) ✅ 19075 ms (14 iters) ≈ +3.3% (±4.9%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / ✅ 1950 / 1991 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 2 2228 / 2453 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 6 / 2 8686 / 8417 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 8561 / 8290 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 1272 / 1289 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / ✅ 1287 / 1298 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / ✅ 2912 / 3017 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 2907 / 2872 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 3 3515 / 3489 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 7 3498 / 3463 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 1732 / 1701 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1780 / 1924 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

jbachorik added a commit that referenced this pull request Jul 14, 2026
…racking

Addresses review findings from PR #644 (reference chains for surviving
live-heap samples): FrontierTable's shared-lock mutation race, a
single-byte JFR event size prefix that silently truncates chains longer
than 255 bytes, blocking sample-lock retries in writeReferenceChain()
now bounded by a shared per-batch deadline with a drop counter,
unvalidated referencechains sub-option values, a startThread()/
pthread_kill() race publishing _running before the thread handle is
initialized, a null-JNIEnv leak in threadLoop(), releaseSearchTags()
now surfacing GetObjectsWithTags() failures so restartSearch() never
resets tag state prematurely, resolveLoadedClasses() skipping its
per-class scan only when the loaded-class count is unchanged (not just
non-decreasing), a spurious COMPLETED state after a failed first-pass
FollowReferences call, and removal of a leftover debug helper in
ExternalProcessReferenceChainTest. Adds regression test coverage for
release-failure and negative-value option paths.

Verified via the full ddprof-lib gtestDebug suite (149/149 tasks,
57/57 referenceChains_ut tests).

Environment: Datadog workspace

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@jbachorik
jbachorik force-pushed the jb/reference-chains branch from 700d838 to 9972bff Compare July 14, 2026 12:03
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Benchmark Results (commit 9972bff)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124511782 Commit: 9972bff9464d4d2a8ee4a279dc8f8d35c88dd2e9

✅ Within expected boundaries

No significant runtime deltas (all within run-to-run noise) and no internal-counter outliers.

Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10365 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10456 ms (21 iters) ≈ +0.9% (±12%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8820 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8890 ms (24 iters) ≈ +0.8% (±9.9%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 5990 ms (33 iters) ✅ 6050 ms (33 iters) ≈ +1% (±24.8%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5495 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5462 ms (36 iters) ≈ -0.6% (±24.2%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2745 ms (68 iters) ✅ 2714 ms (69 iters) ≈ -1.1% (±2.7%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2831 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2828 ms (66 iters) ≈ -0.1% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2150 ms (87 iters) ✅ 2112 ms (87 iters) ≈ -1.8% (±2.7%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2073 ms (90 iters) ✅ 2121 ms (87 iters) ≈ +2.3% (±2.5%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1287 ms (133 iters) ✅ 1312 ms (131 iters) ≈ +1.9% (±33%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1017 ms (168 iters) ✅ 1030 ms (166 iters) ≈ +1.3% (±32.1%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 15980 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16718 ms (15 iters) ≈ +4.6% (±7%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18712 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18346 ms (15 iters) ≈ -2% (±3.1%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 1902 / 2028 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 2103 / 2152 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 5 8628 / 8249 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 2 8833 / 8700 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 3 1256 / 1240 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 5 1264 / 1305 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 2 3046 / 3002 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 3 2879 / 2830 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 2 3479 / 3463 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 5 3476 / 3482 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 1862 / 1833 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit a636398)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124700626 Commit: a636398f93c3fd15fb9fd3b6253da66f36e56742

✅ Within expected boundaries

No significant runtime deltas (all within run-to-run noise) and no internal-counter outliers.

Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10127 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10208 ms (21 iters) ≈ +0.8% (±11.6%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 9010 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8842 ms (24 iters) ≈ -1.9% (±10.3%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 6004 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5987 ms (33 iters) ≈ -0.3% (±25%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5500 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5500 ms (36 iters) ≈ 0% (±24.6%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2714 ms (69 iters) ✅ 2715 ms (68 iters) ≈ +0% (±2.7%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2812 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2837 ms (66 iters) ≈ +0.9% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2107 ms (88 iters) ✅ 2065 ms (90 iters) ≈ -2% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2018 ms (92 iters) ✅ 2025 ms (92 iters) ≈ +0.3% (±2.8%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1246 ms (137 iters) ✅ 1227 ms (139 iters) ≈ -1.5% (±32.3%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1003 ms (170 iters) ✅ 1028 ms (166 iters) ≈ +2.5% (±32%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 15862 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16456 ms (15 iters) ≈ +3.7% (±9.3%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18376 ms (15 iters) 💥 0 ms (0 iters) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 4 1972 / 1963 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 6 2396 / 2157 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 8557 / 8411 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / ✅ 8575 / 8705 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / ✅ 1288 / 1228 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 3 1268 / 1277 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 2972 / 2870 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 2 2818 / 2994 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 2 3519 / 3503 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 3 3468 / 3470 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 1567 / 1727 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1929 / 1873 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit f2d8978)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124747648 Commit: f2d8978c23b568eb4ce8006e8e9b901cdaed11c3

✅ Within expected boundaries

No significant runtime deltas (all within run-to-run noise) and no internal-counter outliers.

Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10331 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10246 ms (21 iters) ≈ -0.8% (±11.2%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8728 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8956 ms (24 iters) ≈ +2.6% (±10.6%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 6011 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5985 ms (33 iters) ≈ -0.4% (±25.6%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5522 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5441 ms (36 iters) ≈ -1.5% (±24.4%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2699 ms (70 iters) ✅ 2742 ms (68 iters) ≈ +1.6% (±2.7%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2806 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2796 ms (66 iters) ≈ -0.4% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2082 ms (89 iters) ✅ 2051 ms (90 iters) ≈ -1.5% (±2.6%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1252 ms (136 iters) ✅ 1252 ms (136 iters) ≈ 0% (±32.7%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16483 ms (15 iters) ✅ 17081 ms (15 iters) ≈ +3.6% (±7.9%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 4 1998 / 1935 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 2 2240 / 2356 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 5 8506 / 8471 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 8384 / 7986 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 5 / 3 1293 / 1281 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 1255 / 1280 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 2 2987 / 2963 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 2 2916 / 2851 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 5 / 4 3501 / 3519 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 6 / 9 3486 / 3432 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 1617 / 1818 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 1931 / 1868 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit a48899b)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124773626 Commit: a48899b982ca5139081f665d6ffe1b8b5c3790fa

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 🔴 fj-kmeans (JDK 21): runtime +2.8% (2687→2761 ms)
  • 🔴 future-genetic (JDK 21): runtime +3.4% (2047→2116 ms)
  • 🔴 future-genetic (JDK 25): runtime +4.2% (2000→2083 ms)
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10376 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10228 ms (21 iters) ≈ -1.4% (±11%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8829 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8859 ms (24 iters) ≈ +0.3% (±10%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 6001 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5928 ms (33 iters) ≈ -1.2% (±25.2%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5469 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5475 ms (36 iters) ≈ +0.1% (±24.5%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2687 ms (70 iters) ✅ 2761 ms (68 iters) 🔴 +2.8% — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2810 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2805 ms (66 iters) ≈ -0.2% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2047 ms (91 iters) ✅ 2116 ms (88 iters) 🔴 +3.4% — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2000 ms (93 iters) ✅ 2083 ms (89 iters) 🔴 +4.2% — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1256 ms (136 iters) ✅ 1253 ms (136 iters) ≈ -0.2% (±32.8%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1016 ms (169 iters) ✅ 1016 ms (169 iters) ≈ 0% (±31.3%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16870 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16463 ms (15 iters) ≈ -2.4% (±7.3%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18270 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18333 ms (15 iters) ≈ +0.3% (±4.5%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 2 1988 / 2024 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 3 2263 / 2395 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 6 8440 / 8679 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 2 8283 / 8410 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 1288 / 1260 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 4 1250 / 1295 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 2 2968 / 3003 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 2843 / 2902 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 5 3474 / 3510 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 2 3495 / 3488 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1726 / 1721 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 3 1893 / 1750 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit 787f29e)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124811024 Commit: 787f29e84914d8da397ed2a644c91d59a2f1e08e

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 🔴 fj-kmeans (JDK 21): runtime +5.3% (2693→2836 ms)
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10215 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10475 ms (21 iters) ≈ +2.5% (±11.9%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8843 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8861 ms (24 iters) ≈ +0.2% (±10.5%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 5986 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5971 ms (33 iters) ≈ -0.3% (±25.5%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5515 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5479 ms (36 iters) ≈ -0.7% (±24.2%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:4
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2693 ms (70 iters) ✅ 2836 ms (66 iters) 🔴 +5.3% — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2820 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2837 ms (66 iters) ≈ +0.6% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2059 ms (90 iters) ✅ 2070 ms (89 iters) ≈ +0.5% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2089 ms (89 iters) ✅ 2130 ms (87 iters) ≈ +2% (±2.6%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1284 ms (133 iters) ✅ 1313 ms (131 iters) ≈ +2.3% (±33%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1009 ms (170 iters) ✅ 988 ms (173 iters) ≈ -2.1% (±31.4%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16540 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16155 ms (15 iters) ≈ -2.3% (±7.1%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18545 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18816 ms (15 iters) ≈ +1.5% (±4.2%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 2 1987 / 1990 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 4 2238 / 2323 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 8290 / 8529 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 8323 / 8386 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 1 1299 / 1277 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1274 / 1299 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / ✅ 2920 / 2982 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 4 2886 / 2864 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 1 3505 / 3499 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1593 / 1669 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 1849 / 1940 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit fede524)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124833099 Commit: fede5244169eddd7f6280cd0a9fe39b618080bd7

✅ Within expected boundaries

No significant runtime deltas (all within run-to-run noise) and no internal-counter outliers.

Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10349 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10262 ms (21 iters) ≈ -0.8% (±12.1%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8820 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8733 ms (24 iters) ≈ -1% (±10.2%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 6023 ms (33 iters) ✅ 6016 ms (33 iters) ≈ -0.1% (±25.6%) ⚠️ W:4 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5517 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5419 ms (36 iters) ≈ -1.8% (±24.1%) ⚠️ W:4 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2713 ms (69 iters) ✅ 2649 ms (71 iters) ≈ -2.4% (±2.5%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2826 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2808 ms (66 iters) ≈ -0.6% (±2.5%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2076 ms (89 iters) ✅ 2092 ms (89 iters) ≈ +0.8% (±2.7%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2029 ms (92 iters) ✅ 2024 ms (91 iters) ≈ -0.2% (±2.7%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1253 ms (136 iters) ✅ 1279 ms (134 iters) ≈ +2.1% (±33%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1008 ms (170 iters) ✅ 1012 ms (169 iters) ≈ +0.4% (±31.6%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16287 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16063 ms (16 iters) ≈ -1.4% (±6.5%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18328 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18575 ms (15 iters) ≈ +1.3% (±4.4%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 1913 / 1895 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 3 2116 / 2231 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 4 8775 / 8877 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 8359 / 8415 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 1260 / 1279 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / ✅ 1275 / 1273 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 2874 / 2807 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 5 / ✅ 3520 / 3527 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 5 / 5 3466 / 3469 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 1547 / 1755 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 1873 / 1890 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit ef0f5c6)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124961539 Commit: ef0f5c6cd6793c440715d8f51a20218afa8cd188

✅ Within expected boundaries

No significant runtime deltas (all within run-to-run noise) and no internal-counter outliers.

Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10321 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10247 ms (21 iters) ≈ -0.7% (±11.2%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8827 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8856 ms (24 iters) ≈ +0.3% (±9.9%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 5961 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5961 ms (33 iters) ≈ 0% (±25.2%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5473 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5482 ms (36 iters) ≈ +0.2% (±24.2%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:4
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2721 ms (69 iters) ✅ 2776 ms (67 iters) ≈ +2% (±2.8%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2805 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2801 ms (66 iters) ≈ -0.1% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2074 ms (89 iters) ✅ 2054 ms (90 iters) ≈ -1% (±2.5%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2082 ms (89 iters) ✅ 2065 ms (90 iters) ≈ -0.8% (±2.6%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1255 ms (137 iters) ✅ 1266 ms (135 iters) ≈ +0.9% (±32.6%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1006 ms (170 iters) ✅ 979 ms (174 iters) ≈ -2.7% (±31.6%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16850 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16138 ms (15 iters) ≈ -4.2% (±7%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18309 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18522 ms (15 iters) ≈ +1.2% (±5.7%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 1878 / 1946 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 3 2374 / 2471 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 3 8174 / 8713 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 6 / 2 8354 / 8759 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 2 1279 / 1258 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 1264 / 1263 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 3 2985 / 2919 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 5 2902 / 2849 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 5 3582 / 3490 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 9 / 3 3490 / 3517 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 1749 / 1686 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 6 / 2 1866 / 1903 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit 1299316)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124967829 Commit: 1299316723d6feb8baf7e573b7925f816b772b79

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 🔴 fj-kmeans (JDK 21): runtime +4.7% (2696→2822 ms)
  • 🟢 fj-kmeans (JDK 25): runtime -3.4% (2842→2746 ms)
  • 🟢 future-genetic (JDK 25): runtime -3.5% (2134→2059 ms)
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10336 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10245 ms (21 iters) ≈ -0.9% (±11.5%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8868 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8789 ms (24 iters) ≈ -0.9% (±10.7%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 5968 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5971 ms (33 iters) ≈ +0.1% (±25.8%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5510 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5537 ms (36 iters) ≈ +0.5% (±24.5%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2696 ms (69 iters) ✅ 2822 ms (66 iters) 🔴 +4.7% — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2842 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2746 ms (68 iters) 🟢 -3.4% — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2068 ms (90 iters) ✅ 2051 ms (90 iters) ≈ -0.8% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2134 ms (87 iters) ✅ 2059 ms (90 iters) 🟢 -3.5% — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1318 ms (130 iters) ✅ 1253 ms (136 iters) ≈ -4.9% (±31.8%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 998 ms (171 iters) ✅ 1025 ms (167 iters) ≈ +2.7% (±32.1%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16264 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16625 ms (15 iters) ≈ +2.2% (±7.4%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 17926 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18917 ms (15 iters) ≈ +5.5% (±5.6%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 1917 / 1934 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 3 2285 / 2434 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 6 / 2 8503 / 8628 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 8331 / 8664 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 1287 / 1266 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 1277 / 1290 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 3 3037 / 2981 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / ✅ 2897 / 2943 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 12 3507 / 3493 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 5 / 5 3446 / 3481 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / ✅ 1765 / 1665 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / ✅ 1855 / 1920 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

jbachorik added a commit that referenced this pull request Jul 16, 2026
…racking

Addresses review findings from PR #644 (reference chains for surviving
live-heap samples): FrontierTable's shared-lock mutation race, a
single-byte JFR event size prefix that silently truncates chains longer
than 255 bytes, blocking sample-lock retries in writeReferenceChain()
now bounded by a shared per-batch deadline with a drop counter,
unvalidated referencechains sub-option values, a startThread()/
pthread_kill() race publishing _running before the thread handle is
initialized, a null-JNIEnv leak in threadLoop(), releaseSearchTags()
now surfacing GetObjectsWithTags() failures so restartSearch() never
resets tag state prematurely, resolveLoadedClasses() skipping its
per-class scan only when the loaded-class count is unchanged (not just
non-decreasing), a spurious COMPLETED state after a failed first-pass
FollowReferences call, and removal of a leftover debug helper in
ExternalProcessReferenceChainTest. Adds regression test coverage for
release-failure and negative-value option paths.

Verified via the full ddprof-lib gtestDebug suite (149/149 tasks,
57/57 referenceChains_ut tests).

Environment: Datadog workspace

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@jbachorik
jbachorik force-pushed the jb/reference-chains branch from 1299316 to baba070 Compare July 16, 2026 11:31
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Benchmark Results (commit baba070)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124983919 Commit: baba0702198bb700cacfe9ab28c900eaf7d3f729

✅ Within expected boundaries

No significant runtime deltas (all within run-to-run noise) and no internal-counter outliers.

Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10403 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10169 ms (21 iters) ≈ -2.2% (±10.2%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8907 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8843 ms (24 iters) ≈ -0.7% (±10.4%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 5989 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5996 ms (33 iters) ≈ +0.1% (±25.4%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5542 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5550 ms (36 iters) ≈ +0.1% (±24.6%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2791 ms (67 iters) ✅ 2838 ms (66 iters) ≈ +1.7% (±2.7%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2852 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2834 ms (66 iters) ≈ -0.6% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2086 ms (89 iters) ✅ 2064 ms (90 iters) ≈ -1.1% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2100 ms (88 iters) ✅ 2103 ms (88 iters) ≈ +0.1% (±2.5%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1266 ms (135 iters) ✅ 1263 ms (135 iters) ≈ -0.2% (±32.4%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1016 ms (168 iters) ✅ 1017 ms (168 iters) ≈ +0.1% (±31.8%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16362 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16222 ms (15 iters) ≈ -0.9% (±8.7%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18867 ms (15 iters) ✅ 19004 ms (15 iters) ≈ +0.7% (±4.9%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 1936 / 1969 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 3 2258 / 2003 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 5 8622 / 8930 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 2 8497 / 8401 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 2 1283 / 1288 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / ✅ 1282 / 1292 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 1 2933 / 3028 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 3 2856 / 2850 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 4 3539 / 3501 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 7 / 5 3446 / 3450 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 1682 / 1519 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1907 / 1977 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit 35c49c2)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124997895 Commit: 35c49c2663a2e6e270a0287e4e059b8dab047faa

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 🟢 fj-kmeans (JDK 25): runtime -3% (2842→2756 ms)
  • 🟢 future-genetic (JDK 21): runtime -2.9% (2142→2080 ms)
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10367 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10371 ms (21 iters) ≈ +0% (±11.3%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8917 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8766 ms (24 iters) ≈ -1.7% (±10.2%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 5986 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5972 ms (33 iters) ≈ -0.2% (±25.3%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2801 ms (67 iters) ✅ 2750 ms (68 iters) ≈ -1.8% (±2.6%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2842 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2756 ms (68 iters) 🟢 -3% — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2142 ms (87 iters) ✅ 2080 ms (89 iters) 🟢 -2.9% — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 1991 ms (94 iters) ✅ 2035 ms (91 iters) ≈ +2.2% (±2.7%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1025 ms (167 iters) ✅ 1010 ms (169 iters) ≈ -1.5% (±31.4%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16244 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16474 ms (15 iters) ≈ +1.4% (±7.9%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18288 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18332 ms (15 iters) ≈ +0.2% (±3.9%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 4 1950 / 1991 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 2303 / 2180 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 6 8767 / 8881 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 8034 / 8300 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 1316 / 1287 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 2 1289 / 1282 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / ✅ 2889 / 2882 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 1 2935 / 2838 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 8 / 2 3496 / 3495 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 4 3477 / 3510 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 1642 / 1586 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 3 1802 / 1759 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit a9fb05f)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/125008807 Commit: a9fb05fe90d68c1097e48893b1256661ecdfce30

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 🟢 fj-kmeans (JDK 21): runtime -3.1% (2772→2687 ms)
  • 💥 naive-bayes (JDK 25): latest crashed
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10309 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10453 ms (21 iters) ≈ +1.4% (±11%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8814 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8779 ms (24 iters) ≈ -0.4% (±10.4%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 6006 ms (33 iters) ✅ 6047 ms (33 iters) ≈ +0.7% (±25.8%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5467 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5455 ms (36 iters) ≈ -0.2% (±24.8%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2772 ms (68 iters) ✅ 2687 ms (70 iters) 🟢 -3.1% — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2810 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2801 ms (66 iters) ≈ -0.3% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2087 ms (88 iters) ✅ 2055 ms (90 iters) ≈ -1.5% (±2.7%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2088 ms (89 iters) ✅ 2046 ms (91 iters) ≈ -2% (±2.5%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1233 ms (139 iters) ✅ 1257 ms (136 iters) ≈ +1.9% (±32.9%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 💥 0 ms (0 iters) 💥 0 ms (0 iters) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16947 ms (15 iters) ✅ 15936 ms (15 iters) ≈ -6% (±8.2%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18681 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18731 ms (15 iters) ≈ +0.3% (±5.3%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 2008 / 2140 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 2058 / 2262 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 3 8437 / 8783 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 3 8064 / 8228 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 6 / ✅ 1275 / 1291 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 2 1250 / 1261 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 2 2876 / 3036 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / ✅ 2912 / 2869 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 4 3492 / 3491 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1892 / 1633 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 1914 / 1937 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit 2033006)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/125072159 Commit: 20330063bf66bf581cf9ae47f94cff709e5aa6be

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 🟢 fj-kmeans (JDK 25): runtime -3.7% (2848→2743 ms)
  • 🔴 future-genetic (JDK 25): runtime +3.2% (1994→2057 ms)
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10363 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10147 ms (21 iters) ≈ -2.1% (±11.6%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8966 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8873 ms (24 iters) ≈ -1% (±10.2%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 6007 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5986 ms (33 iters) ≈ -0.3% (±26.1%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5488 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5433 ms (36 iters) ≈ -1% (±24.3%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2726 ms (68 iters) ✅ 2760 ms (68 iters) ≈ +1.2% (±2.6%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2848 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2743 ms (69 iters) 🟢 -3.7% — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2062 ms (90 iters) ✅ 2047 ms (90 iters) ≈ -0.7% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 1994 ms (93 iters) ✅ 2057 ms (90 iters) 🔴 +3.2% — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1269 ms (135 iters) ✅ 1258 ms (136 iters) ≈ -0.9% (±32.5%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1012 ms (169 iters) ✅ 1016 ms (168 iters) ≈ +0.4% (±31.6%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16554 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16630 ms (15 iters) ≈ +0.5% (±8.5%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18407 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18308 ms (15 iters) ≈ -0.5% (±4.1%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 2 2101 / 2026 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 3 2336 / 2365 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 3 8772 / 8497 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 8397 / 8470 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 1 1260 / 1274 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 3 1303 / 1307 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 2 2893 / 2882 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 2 2958 / 2912 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 3540 / 3527 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 5 / 6 3458 / 3485 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 1736 / 1754 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1990 / 1872 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

@jbachorik
jbachorik force-pushed the jb/reference-chains branch from 2033006 to 02a0a93 Compare July 17, 2026 11:39
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Benchmark Results (commit 02a0a93)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/125255579 Commit: 02a0a93ab9ef8ac64aa3c023b521fb75c90101c0

✅ Within expected boundaries

No significant runtime deltas (all within run-to-run noise) and no internal-counter outliers.

Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10381 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10219 ms (21 iters) ≈ -1.6% (±10.7%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8953 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8955 ms (24 iters) ≈ +0% (±10.3%) — / —
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5441 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5453 ms (36 iters) ≈ +0.2% (±24.7%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:4
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2826 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2821 ms (66 iters) ≈ -0.2% (±2.5%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2823 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2831 ms (66 iters) ≈ +0.3% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2108 ms (88 iters) ✅ 2101 ms (88 iters) ≈ -0.3% (±2.7%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2058 ms (90 iters) ✅ 2058 ms (90 iters) ≈ 0% (±2.8%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1272 ms (135 iters) ✅ 1254 ms (136 iters) ≈ -1.4% (±32.4%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1025 ms (167 iters) ✅ 1030 ms (166 iters) ≈ +0.5% (±31.6%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16061 ms (16 iters) ✅ 16620 ms (15 iters) ≈ +3.5% (±7%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18214 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18799 ms (15 iters) ≈ +3.2% (±4.4%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 5 2081 / 1905 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 4 2288 / 2409 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 3 8386 / 8271 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 3 1278 / 1249 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 7 / 1 1292 / 1268 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 1 2963 / 3067 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / ✅ 2906 / 2874 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 8 / 2 3532 / 3477 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 4 3500 / 3472 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / ✅ 1771 / 1762 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / ✅ 1879 / 1923 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings July 21, 2026 15:22

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Bits has a CI fix ready

🟢 Investigated · 🟢 Fix prepared · ⚪ Validation skipped · 🟠 Ready

symbols_linux.cpp performed pointer arithmetic on a null ELF load base for non-PIE images while generating PLT and relocation addresses. The calculations now use integer address arithmetic before conversion back to pointers.

Commit fix to this PR


View in Datadog | Reviewed commit ed6525a · Any feedback? Reach out in #deveng-pr-agent

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jbachorik force-pushed the jb/reference-chains branch from 92d65f2 to da35063 Compare August 6, 2026 13:41

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All 40 integration tests passed

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jbachorik force-pushed the jb/reference-chains branch from da35063 to 9b5fa79 Compare August 10, 2026 12:41
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return;
}
_thread = thread;
_running.store(true, std::memory_order_release);

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P1 Badge Synchronize the worker startup handshake

If pthread_create schedules the new thread before the parent reaches this store, threadLoop() attaches and immediately evaluates while (_running.load(...)) against the initial false, then detaches and exits. The parent subsequently publishes true, leaving the tracker reporting that it is running even though no BFS passes will execute for the entire recording; use a startup handshake or otherwise ensure the worker cannot test the flag before startup is published.

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Comment thread ddprof-lib/src/main/cpp/profiler.cpp Outdated
Comment thread utils/run-chaos-harness.sh Outdated
@jbachorik
jbachorik force-pushed the jb/reference-chains branch from 64a79a6 to cba3ca6 Compare August 13, 2026 08:24
Comment thread ddprof-lib/src/main/java/com/datadoghq/profiler/JavaProfiler.java Fixed
@jbachorik
jbachorik force-pushed the jb/reference-chains branch 2 times, most recently from c033074 to b5dc65f Compare August 19, 2026 12:56
Add the reference-chain engine for the live-heap profiler:

- Track reference chains from at-risk/leak-tag candidate anchors via
  bounded descend walks, with retention-edge labels on every hop
- Correlate leak-tagged allocations with anchor discoveries; cache and
  re-emit chains for repeated leak-tag targets
- Tier anchor selection by class shape (leak/container/other), index
  root-attached anchors, and cover JNI-global and static-field roots
- Guard self-edge chain demotion and contain FIFO floods with a
  per-class quota on the at-risk queue
- Add a heap-wide time-to-OOM predictor to the fast-path leak gate
- Make reference-chains debug logs runtime-configurable via
  rcDebugLevel, silent by default
Unit tests for the reference-chain engine: anchor selection and
admission, walk tiers and quotas, self-edge guards, leak-tag
correlation, JFR roundtrip of ReferenceChain events, and debug seams
for the OOM-bypass gate (arguments, jvmHeap, stale-leaf coverage).
Integration tests for ReferenceChain events on real recordings:
leak-tag correlation, aggressive-leak, external-process, and
thread-local scenarios, with JFR parsing, assertions, and test-seam
coverage. Migrate ReferenceChainTrackingTest to the JfrEvents API and
extend the shared test harness (external launcher, profiler test
base).
Stresstest wiring for reference-chain validation: a leak antagonist
that grows collections and holds thread-locals, a standalone leak
demo for repro runs, and chaos-harness build integration.
Scripts to run the reference-chains repro, sweep budget/behavior
matrices across builds, compare repro output, and render single/multi
run reports from JFR recordings (with vendored chart.js).
Design doc for reference chains on surviving live-heap samples,
architecture notes, explanation of the emitted signals, and a
collection summary of what lands in JFR recordings.
Full record of the investigation that produced the reference-chain
engine: STATE/INDEX memory, per-round pod evidence, root-cause
analyses, and repro artifacts.
Ignore local build/repro artifacts; extend the build-and-summarize
command with reference-chains build steps.
Close out the investigation record: status active -> done, completed
2026-09-16. last_commit stamps the content the investigation actually
concluded at (9282d5f, the pre-history-optimization branch head,
preserved locally by backup/pre-history-optimize-rc-pi).
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Detailed record of the walk engine as implemented: pass structure,
root discovery (including the static-field sweep), candidate-scoped
reach, canary tagging mechanics, rotation tiers, pacing/budget
arithmetic, and the LivenessTracker admission boost. Cross-references
the design, component-summary, and signals documents instead of
repeating them.
The walk is correct on every collector, not only ZGC: JVMTI's iterators
apply the active collector's own barriers, and the walk reads no raw oop.
ZGC's concurrent relocation is the worst case a raw-oop reader would
face, not the only collector the walk supports.
- registerThreadObject() was never called from Profiler::onThreadStart
  (only the one-time registerExistingThreads() snapshot), so threads born
  mid-recording never entered the tid->Thread registry and their
  ThreadLocalMap subgraphs were unreachable by walkCandidateThreadLocals().
- unregisterThreadObject()/register-replace DeleteGlobalRef'd under the
  registry lock while walkCandidateThreadLocals() can still hold a copied
  ref as a FollowReferences anchor - JNI use-after-free. Deletion is now
  deferred to _thread_refs_pending_delete and drained by
  releaseEndedThreadRefs() on the BFS thread (start of each pass) and from
  Profiler::stop() after stopThread() joined it.
- tagAsRootForTest(): record the directly-tagged root as a discovered
  instance when a candidate slot watches its klass - the leak-tag redesign
  left a representative without a sampler-tracked instance no discovery
  channel; the seam test's tag now runs after the first poll.
- getLeakTagInfo(): drop the bogus free-list membership check (a LIFO stack
  of indices is not an index-bounded region).
- gtest: ThreadRefUnregisterDefersGlobalRefDeletion; failure-path logging
  in tagAsRootForTest.
- arguments.h: 0 first-pass budget auto-scales from budget x
  AUTO_FIRST_PASS_BUDGET_MULTIPLIER, it does not fall back to the plain
  per-pass budget.
- flightRecorder.h: recordReferenceChain is called from Profiler::dump()'s
  drain loop, not continuously from pollWatchedTargets().
- collection-summary.md: a terminal search state is not final -
  shouldRunPass() restarts from it.
- ThreadLocalLeakScenario gains a lateThread mode (thread created after
  recording start) with a new threadlocal-leak-late launcher mode and
  shouldCorrelateLeakOnThreadCreatedAfterRecordingStart - the regression
  shape for the onThreadStart registration wiring.
On a cyclic heap reach the deeper path's referrer can be a descendant of
the already-admitted entry being improved; re-parenting to it made the
parent chains mutually recursive, and every chain through the cycle then
failed to reconstruct (reconstructChain ran to its hop bound and reported
failure). Observed as the thread-local leak scenario producing zero chain
events: all discovered instances of the watched klass sat inside a cycle
rooted at an early ThreadGroup/Thread admission.

improveChain now walks the new parent's ancestor chain and refuses when it
reaches the entry (bounded at 4096 hops - recorded depths can be
understated by later ancestor improves). reparentToDurableRoot cannot
create cycles (its new parent must be root-attached).

Also: reconstructChain logs the failing hop and the first tag->parent
pairs on the broken-chain/hop-bound exits, and improveChain logs its
refusals (all level-gated diagnostics).
The chain's root-side end was the static field's holder instance; the
declaring class - the chain's actual root - was only present as the
holder hop's edge label and the event's rootKind field.

reconstructChain() now optionally returns the root-attached entry, and
buildChainEvent()/buildCanaryChainEvent() append the declaring class
(resolved from the root-attached entry's referrer_class_tag, captured at
admission from the sweep's referrer_tag_ptr) as the chain's root-side
terminal element, with one matching kind-only root edge so the
_edges.size() == _chain.size() invariant recordReferenceChain() relies
on to emit labels is preserved. Thread-rooted chains already end at the
Thread instance; other root kinds have no further expressible root
object.
The test asserted shouldRunPassForTest0() directly, but opening the gate
spends the episode's one-shot urgency entitlement on the FIRST
evaluation - and the BFS thread, whose cadence ramps to ~10ms once
urgency latches, races the test's own call for it. The direct call only
returned true when it won that race, failing deterministically on fast
runners.

Assert through the thread instead: seed the rising floor, then wait for
referenceChainPassesRunForTest0() to advance. A pass only runs after
shouldRunPass() returned true, and with an empty per-klass population
table the urgent-OOM projection is the only possible trigger.
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