diff --git a/documentation/source/development/standards.md b/documentation/source/development/standards.md index a265e36c32..82202ae93a 100644 --- a/documentation/source/development/standards.md +++ b/documentation/source/development/standards.md @@ -259,6 +259,14 @@ This should be used for units of $\text{kg} \cdot \text{m}^{-2}\text{s}^{-1}$ --------------------- +##### Specific Heat Capacities + +- Specific heat capacities for materials $[\text{J/kg/K}]$ should start with the `heatcap_` prefix +- Specific heat capacities at constant volume should start with the `heatcap_vol_` pefix +- Specific heat capacities at constant pressure should start with the `heatcap_pres_` pefix + +--------------------- + ##### Pressures - Pressures should start with the `pres_` prefix diff --git a/documentation/source/eng-models/blanket_overview.md b/documentation/source/eng-models/blanket_overview.md index 66a84b15f7..fa0de10aa6 100644 --- a/documentation/source/eng-models/blanket_overview.md +++ b/documentation/source/eng-models/blanket_overview.md @@ -78,27 +78,5 @@ $$ ------------------- -### Pipe bend elbow coefficient | `elbow_coeff()` -This function calculates the elbow bend coefficients for pressure drop calculations. - -$$ -a = 1.0 \quad \text{if} \ \theta = 90^{\circ} \\ -a = 0.9 \times \sin{\left(\frac{\theta \pi}{180^{\circ}}\right)} \quad \text{if} \ \theta < 70^{\circ} \\ -a = 0.7 + 0.35 \times \sin{\left(\frac{\theta}{90^{\circ}} \times \frac{\pi}{180^{\circ}}\right)} \quad \text{if} \ \theta > 90^{\circ} \\ -$$ - -where $\theta$ is the angle of the pipe bend. - -$$ -b = \frac{0.21}{\sqrt{\frac{R_{\text{elbow}}}{D_{\text{pipe}}}}}\quad \text{if} \ \frac{R_{\text{elbow}}}{D_{\text{pipe}}} \ge 1 \\ -b = \frac{0.21}{\left(\frac{R_{\text{elbow}}}{D_{\text{pipe}}}\right)^{2.5}}\quad \text{if} \ \frac{R_{\text{elbow}}}{D_{\text{pipe}}} \le 1 \\ -\text{else} \quad b =0.21 -$$ - -The elbow coefficient is given by: - -$$ -ab + \left( f_{\text{D}} \times \frac{R_{\text{elbow}}}{D_{\text{pipe}}}\right) \times \theta \times \left(\frac{\pi}{180^{\circ}}\right) -$$ diff --git a/documentation/source/eng-models/generic_methods/pumping.md b/documentation/source/eng-models/generic_methods/pumping.md index a4822ba00b..7047b42199 100644 --- a/documentation/source/eng-models/generic_methods/pumping.md +++ b/documentation/source/eng-models/generic_methods/pumping.md @@ -61,4 +61,58 @@ where $\rho$ is the coolant density and $\mu$ is the coolant viscosity. $$ h = \frac{\mathrm{Nu_D}k}{2r_{\text{channel}}} - $$ \ No newline at end of file + $$ + +------------------------- + +## Pipe bend elbow coefficient | `elbow_coeff()` + +This function calculates the elbow bend coefficients for pressure drop calculations. + +$$ +a = 1.0 \quad \text{if} \ \theta = 90^{\circ} \\ +a = 0.9 \times \sin{\left(\frac{\theta \pi}{180^{\circ}}\right)} \quad \text{if} \ \theta < 70^{\circ} \\ +a = 0.7 + 0.35 \times \sin{\left(\frac{\theta}{90^{\circ}} \times \frac{\pi}{180^{\circ}}\right)} \quad \text{if} \ \theta > 90^{\circ} \\ +$$ + +where $\theta$ is the angle of the pipe bend. + +$$ +b = \frac{0.21}{\sqrt{\frac{R_{\text{elbow}}}{D_{\text{pipe}}}}}\quad \text{if} \ \frac{R_{\text{elbow}}}{D_{\text{pipe}}} \ge 1 \\ +b = \frac{0.21}{\left(\frac{R_{\text{elbow}}}{D_{\text{pipe}}}\right)^{2.5}}\quad \text{if} \ \frac{R_{\text{elbow}}}{D_{\text{pipe}}} \le 1 \\ +\text{else} \quad b =0.21 +$$ + +The elbow coefficient is given by: + +$$ +ab + \left( f_{\text{D}} \times \frac{R_{\text{elbow}}}{D_{\text{pipe}}}\right) \times \theta \times \left(\frac{\pi}{180^{\circ}}\right) +$$ + +-------------- + +## Required mass flow rate | `calculate_required_mass_flow_rate()` + +The required mass flow rate of a coolant is given simply by the fundamental heat transfer equation: + +$$ +\dot{m} = \frac{P}{c_{\text{p}}(T)\times \Delta T} +$$ + +where $\dot{m}$ is the required mass flow rate in, $P$ is the heating power to be removed, $c_{\text{p}}$ is the coolant specific heat capacity for constant pressure and $\Delta T$ is the temperature change in the coolant. + +!!! note "Variation specific heat capacity" + + The heat capacity itself is a function of temperature. Therefore it is common to use the heat capacity value at the simple average between the initial and final temperature. + This however assumes a linear relationship. Ideally the equation should be solves as: + + $$ + \dot{m} = \frac{P}{\int_{T_{\text{in}}}^{T_{\text{in}}}c_{\text{p}}(T) dT} + $$ + + +!!! info "Choice of specific heat capacity" + + For pumping, the specific heat capacity for constant pressure $(c_{\text{p}})$ is used as cooling loops are open-flow systems where the fluid moves continuously through pipes, heat exchangers, and pumps. As the coolant heats up, it expands freely along the loop. Because it is free to expand, the local pressure remains relatively constant while the volume changes. + + You would only use the specific heat capacity for constant volume $(c_{\text{v}})$ if the coolant was completely sealed inside a rigid, unyielding container with zero flow, where heating it would cause the pressure to spike but the volume to stay exactly the same. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/process/core/io/plot/summary.py b/process/core/io/plot/summary.py index 399a2e9928..e3dd4b3f44 100644 --- a/process/core/io/plot/summary.py +++ b/process/core/io/plot/summary.py @@ -15301,6 +15301,314 @@ def plot_cs_radial_stress_profile( axis.legend(loc="best") +def plot_blanket_coolant_channel_structure(self, m_file: MFile, scan: int): + """Plot a schematic of the blanket coolant channel routing.""" + len_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_radial = float( + m_file.get("len_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_radial", scan=scan) + ) + len_blkt_outboard_segment_toroidal = float( + m_file.get("len_blkt_outboard_segment_toroidal", scan=scan) + ) + n_blkt_outboard_module_coolant_sections_radial = max( + 1, + round(m_file.get("n_blkt_outboard_module_coolant_sections_radial", scan=scan)), + ) + n_blkt_outboard_module_coolant_sections_poloidal = max( + 1, + round(m_file.get("n_blkt_outboard_module_coolant_sections_poloidal", scan=scan)), + ) + elbow_radius_180 = max( + float(m_file.get("radius_blkt_channel_180_bend", scan=scan)), 1e-6 + ) + r = max(float(m_file.get("radius_blkt_channel", scan=scan)), 1e-6) + elbow_radius_90 = max( + float(m_file.get("radius_blkt_channel_90_bend", scan=scan)), 1e-6 + ) + + axis = self if isinstance(self, Axes) else getattr(self, "ax", None) + figure = axis.figure if isinstance(axis, Axes) else None + + if not isinstance(axis, Axes): + figure, axis = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 6)) + + def _plot_straight( + x0: float, + y0: float, + x1: float, + y1: float, + *, + label: str | None = None, + alpha: float = 1.0, + ): + axis.plot( + [x0, x1], + [y0, y1], + color="tab:blue", + linewidth=2.5, + solid_capstyle="round", + alpha=alpha, + label=label, + ) + + def _plot_bend( + centre_x: float, + centre_y: float, + radius: float, + theta_start: float, + theta_end: float, + *, + label: str | None = None, + alpha: float = 1.0, + ): + theta = np.linspace(theta_start, theta_end, 80) + axis.plot( + centre_x + radius * np.cos(theta), + centre_y + radius * np.sin(theta), + color="tab:orange", + linewidth=2.5, + solid_capstyle="round", + alpha=alpha, + label=label, + ) + + lane_pitch = 2.0 * elbow_radius_180 + poloidal_section_length = max(4.0 * r, 1.5 * elbow_radius_90) + + show_radial_label = True + show_poloidal_label = True + show_90_label = True + + inlet_x = 0.0 + x_left = elbow_radius_90 + x_right = elbow_radius_90 + len_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_radial + y_lower = 0.0 + y_upper = y_lower + lane_pitch + y_inlet_lower = y_lower - elbow_radius_90 - poloidal_section_length + y_outlet_upper = y_upper + elbow_radius_90 + poloidal_section_length + + _plot_straight( + inlet_x, + y_inlet_lower, + inlet_x, + y_lower - elbow_radius_90, + label="Straight poloidal section" if show_poloidal_label else None, + ) + show_poloidal_label = False + + _plot_bend( + elbow_radius_90, + y_lower - elbow_radius_90, + elbow_radius_90, + np.pi, + np.pi / 2.0, + label="90° bend" if show_90_label else None, + ) + show_90_label = False + + _plot_straight( + x_left, + y_lower, + x_right, + y_lower, + label="Straight radial section" if show_radial_label else None, + ) + show_radial_label = False + + _plot_bend( + x_right, + y_lower + elbow_radius_180, + elbow_radius_180, + -np.pi / 2.0, + np.pi / 2.0, + label="180° bend", + ) + + _plot_straight( + x_right, + y_upper, + x_left, + y_upper, + label="Straight radial section" if show_radial_label else None, + ) + + _plot_bend( + x_left, + y_upper + elbow_radius_90, + elbow_radius_90, + 3.0 * np.pi / 2.0, + np.pi, + label="90° bend" if show_90_label else None, + ) + + _plot_straight( + inlet_x, + y_upper + elbow_radius_90, + inlet_x, + y_outlet_upper, + label="Straight poloidal section" if show_poloidal_label else None, + ) + + total_180_bends = 1 + total_90_bends = 2 + total_poloidal_sections = 2 + length_per_90_bend = 0.5 * np.pi * elbow_radius_90 + length_per_180_bend = np.pi * elbow_radius_180 + length_per_poloidal_section = poloidal_section_length + total_radial_channel_length = ( + n_blkt_outboard_module_coolant_sections_radial + * len_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_radial + ) + total_poloidal_length = total_poloidal_sections * length_per_poloidal_section + total_bend_length = ( + total_90_bends * length_per_90_bend + total_180_bends * length_per_180_bend + ) + total_channel_length = ( + total_radial_channel_length + total_poloidal_length + total_bend_length + ) + info = textwrap.dedent( + f""" + Representative continuous channel loop + Straight radial sections: {n_blkt_outboard_module_coolant_sections_radial} + Straight radial length per channel: {total_radial_channel_length:.2f} m + Straight poloidal sections per loop: {total_poloidal_sections} + Straight poloidal length: {length_per_poloidal_section:.2f} m each + 90° bends per channel: {total_90_bends} + 90° bend length: {length_per_90_bend:.2f} m each + 180° bends per channel: {total_180_bends} + 180° bend length: {length_per_180_bend:.2f} m each + Total poloidal length per channel: {total_poloidal_length:.2f} m + Total bend length per channel: {total_bend_length:.2f} m + Approx. total channel length: {total_channel_length:.2f} m + Poloidal sections per module: {n_blkt_outboard_module_coolant_sections_poloidal} + Toroidal span per segment: {len_blkt_outboard_segment_toroidal:.2f} m + Channel radius: {r:.3f} m + """ + ).strip() + + axis.text( + 1.02, + 0.98, + info, + transform=axis.transAxes, + va="top", + ha="left", + fontsize=8, + bbox={"boxstyle": "round", "facecolor": "white", "alpha": 0.9}, + ) + + axis.text( + 0.02, + 0.02, + "Continuous loop schematic with a single 180° return bend", + transform=axis.transAxes, + fontsize=8, + color="dimgray", + ) + + axis.set_title("Blanket coolant channel structure") + axis.set_xlabel("Radial direction [m]") + axis.set_ylabel("Channel layout [schematic m]") + axis.set_aspect("equal", adjustable="box") + axis.grid(True, alpha=0.25) + axis.minorticks_on() + axis.legend(fontsize=8, loc="upper right") + + x_margin = len_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_radial * 0.1 + 2.0 * elbow_radius_90 + axis.set_xlim(-x_margin, x_right + x_margin) + axis.set_ylim( + y_inlet_lower - r, + y_outlet_upper + r, + ) + + if figure is not None: + figure.tight_layout() + + return axis + + +def plot_blanket_coolant_channel_structure_and_properties( + fig: plt.Figure, m_file: MFile, scan: int +): + """Combined plot of blanket coolant channel structure and properties.""" + # Add info about the Winding Pack + textstr_outboard_blkt = ( + f"$\\mathbf{{Outboard \\ blanket:}}$\n \n" + f"Radius of blanket channel: {m_file.get('radius_blkt_channel', scan=scan):.4f} m\n" + f"Channel roughness ($\\epsilon$): {m_file.get('roughness_fw_channel', scan=scan):.4e} m\n\n" + f"Radial coolant channel length: {m_file.get('len_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_radial', scan=scan):.4f} m\n" + f"Poloidal coolant channel length: {m_file.get('len_blkt_outboard_segment_poloidal', scan=scan):.4f} m\n" + f"Number of radial channels: {m_file.get('n_blkt_outboard_module_coolant_sections_radial', scan=scan)}\n" + f"Number of poloidal channels: {m_file.get('n_blkt_outboard_module_coolant_sections_poloidal', scan=scan)}\n" + f"Total length of coolant channel straight sections: {m_file.get('len_blkt_outboard_channel_total', scan=scan):.4f} m\n\n" + f"Pressure drop for straight sections: {m_file.get('dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_straight_total', scan=scan):.2e} Pa\n" + f"Pressure drop for 90° bends: {m_file.get('dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_90_bend', scan=scan):.2e} Pa\n" + f"Total pressure drop for 90° bends: {m_file.get('dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_90_bends_total', scan=scan):.2e} Pa\n" + f"Pressure drop for 180° bends: {m_file.get('dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_180_bend', scan=scan):.2e} Pa\n" + f"Total pressure drop for 180° bends: {m_file.get('dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_180_bends_total', scan=scan):.2e} Pa\n" + f"Total pressure drop for all bends: {m_file.get('dpres_blkt_outboard_bends_total', scan=scan):.2e} Pa\n\n" + f"Reynolds number ($Re$): {m_file.get('reynolds_blkt_outboard_coolant', scan=scan):.4f}\n" + f"Darcy Friction factor ($f$): {m_file.get('darcy_frict_blkt_outboard_coolant', scan=scan):.4f}\n\n" + f"Friction drop coefficient for straight sections: {m_file.get('f_straight_blkt_outboard_coolant', scan=scan):.4f}\n" + f"Friction drop coefficient for 90° bends: {m_file.get('f_elbow_blkt_outboard_90_bend', scan=scan):.4f}\n" + f"Friction drop coefficient for 180° bends: {m_file.get('f_elbow_blkt_outboard_180_bend', scan=scan):.4f}\n" + ) + + fig.text( + 0.5, + 0.5, + textstr_outboard_blkt, + fontsize=9, + verticalalignment="top", + horizontalalignment="left", + transform=fig.transFigure, + bbox={ + "boxstyle": "round", + "facecolor": "wheat", + "alpha": 1.0, + "linewidth": 2, + }, + ) + + # Add info about the Winding Pack + textstr_inboard_blkt = ( + f"$\\mathbf{{Inboard \\ blanket:}}$\n \n" + f"Radius of blanket channel: {m_file.get('radius_blkt_channel', scan=scan):.4f} m\n" + f"Channel roughness ($\\epsilon$): {m_file.get('roughness_fw_channel', scan=scan):.4e} m\n\n" + f"Radial coolant channel length: {m_file.get('len_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_radial', scan=scan):.4f} m\n" + f"Poloidal coolant channel length: {m_file.get('len_blkt_inboard_segment_poloidal', scan=scan):.4f} m\n" + f"Number of radial channels: {m_file.get('n_blkt_inboard_module_coolant_sections_radial', scan=scan)}\n" + f"Number of poloidal channels: {m_file.get('n_blkt_inboard_module_coolant_sections_poloidal', scan=scan)}\n" + f"Total length of coolant channel straight sections: {m_file.get('len_blkt_inboard_channel_total', scan=scan):.4f} m\n\n" + f"Pressure drop for straight sections: {m_file.get('dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_straight_total', scan=scan):.2e} Pa\n" + f"Pressure drop for 90° bends: {m_file.get('dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_90_bend', scan=scan):.2e} Pa\n" + f"Total pressure drop for 90° bends: {m_file.get('dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_90_bends_total', scan=scan):.2e} Pa\n" + f"Pressure drop for 180° bends: {m_file.get('dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_180_bend', scan=scan):.2e} Pa\n" + f"Total pressure drop for 180° bends: {m_file.get('dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_180_bends_total', scan=scan):.2e} Pa\n" + f"Total pressure drop for all bends: {m_file.get('dpres_blkt_inboard_bends_total', scan=scan):.2e} Pa\n\n" + f"Reynolds number ($Re$): {m_file.get('reynolds_blkt_inboard_coolant', scan=scan):.4f}\n" + f"Darcy Friction factor ($f$): {m_file.get('darcy_frict_blkt_inboard_coolant', scan=scan):.4f}\n\n" + f"Friction drop coefficient for straight sections: {m_file.get('f_straight_blkt_inboard_coolant', scan=scan):.4f}\n" + f"Friction drop coefficient for 90° bends: {m_file.get('f_elbow_blkt_inboard_90_bend', scan=scan):.4f}\n" + f"Friction drop coefficient for 180° bends: {m_file.get('f_elbow_blkt_inboard_180_bend', scan=scan):.4f}\n" + ) + + fig.text( + 0.1, + 0.5, + textstr_inboard_blkt, + fontsize=9, + verticalalignment="top", + horizontalalignment="left", + transform=fig.transFigure, + bbox={ + "boxstyle": "round", + "facecolor": "wheat", + "alpha": 1.0, + "linewidth": 2, + }, + ) + + def main_plot( figs: list[Axes], m_file: MFile, @@ -15700,18 +16008,20 @@ def main_plot( plot_first_wall_poloidal_cross_section(figs[33].add_subplot(122), m_file, scan) plot_fw_90_deg_pipe_bend(figs[33].add_subplot(337), m_file, scan) - plot_blkt_pipe_bends(figs[34], m_file, scan) ax_blanket = figs[34].add_subplot(122, aspect="equal") plot_blkt_structure(ax_blanket, figs[34], m_file, scan, radial_build, colour_scheme) + plot_blkt_pipe_bends(figs[35], m_file, scan) + plot_blanket_coolant_channel_structure_and_properties(figs[35], m_file, scan) + plot_main_power_flow( - figs[35].add_subplot(111, aspect="equal"), m_file, scan, figs[35] + figs[36].add_subplot(111, aspect="equal"), m_file, scan, figs[36] ) - ax24 = figs[36].add_subplot(111) + ax24 = figs[37].add_subplot(111) # set_position([left, bottom, width, height]) -> height ~ 0.66 => ~2/3 of page height ax24.set_position([0.08, 0.35, 0.84, 0.57]) - plot_system_power_profiles_over_time(ax24, m_file, scan, figs[36]) + plot_system_power_profiles_over_time(ax24, m_file, scan, figs[37]) def create_thickness_builds(m_file, scan: int): @@ -15817,7 +16127,7 @@ def add_page_footer( # create main plot # Increase range when adding new page - pages = [plt.figure(figsize=(12, 9), dpi=80) for i in range(37)] + pages = [plt.figure(figsize=(12, 9), dpi=80) for i in range(38)] # run main_plot mfile_obj = MFile(mfile) if mfile != "" else MFile("MFILE.DAT") diff --git a/process/core/output.py b/process/core/output.py index 1368eaae7f..5ec99588d3 100644 --- a/process/core/output.py +++ b/process/core/output.py @@ -127,6 +127,8 @@ def write(models, data, _outfile): # DCLL model models.dcll.output() + models.blanket_library.output_blkt_pumping_variables() + # FISPACT and LOCA model (not used)- removed # Power model diff --git a/process/data_structure/blanket_variables.py b/process/data_structure/blanket_variables.py index 2849473727..c7ea5d74b8 100644 --- a/process/data_structure/blanket_variables.py +++ b/process/data_structure/blanket_variables.py @@ -206,5 +206,77 @@ class BlanketData: f_deg_blkt_inboard_poloidal_plasma: float = 0.0 """Fraction of inboard blanket poloidal angle subtended by plasma (degrees)""" + reynolds_blkt_inboard_coolant: float = 0.0 + """Inboard blanket coolant Reynolds number""" + + reynolds_blkt_outboard_coolant: float = 0.0 + """Outboard blanket coolant Reynolds number""" + + darcy_frict_blkt_inboard_coolant: float = 0.0 + """Inboard blanket coolant Darcy friction factor""" + + darcy_frict_blkt_outboard_coolant: float = 0.0 + """Outboard blanket coolant Darcy friction factor""" + + f_elbow_blkt_inboard_90_bend: float = 0.0 + """Inboard blanket coolant 90 degree bend loss coefficient""" + + f_elbow_blkt_outboard_90_bend: float = 0.0 + """Outboard blanket coolant 90 degree bend loss coefficient""" + + f_elbow_blkt_inboard_180_bend: float = 0.0 + """Inboard blanket coolant 180 degree bend loss coefficient""" + + f_elbow_blkt_outboard_180_bend: float = 0.0 + """Outboard blanket coolant 180 degree bend loss coefficient""" + + f_straight_blkt_inboard_coolant: float = 0.0 + """Inboard blanket coolant straight length loss coefficient""" + + f_straight_blkt_outboard_coolant: float = 0.0 + """Outboard blanket coolant straight length loss coefficient""" + + dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_straight_total: float = 0.0 + """Total pressure drop in inboard blanket coolant channel straight sections (Pa)""" + + dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_straight_total: float = 0.0 + """Total pressure drop in outboard blanket coolant channel straight sections (Pa)""" + + dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_90_bends_total: float = 0.0 + """Total pressure drop in inboard blanket coolant channel 90 degree bends (Pa)""" + + dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_90_bends_total: float = 0.0 + """Total pressure drop in outboard blanket coolant channel 90 degree bends (Pa)""" + + dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_180_bends_total: float = 0.0 + """Total pressure drop in inboard blanket coolant channel 180 degree bends (Pa)""" + + dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_180_bends_total: float = 0.0 + """Total pressure drop in outboard blanket coolant channel 180 degree bends (Pa)""" + + dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_90_bend: float = 0.0 + """Pressure drop in inboard blanket coolant channel 90 degree bend (Pa)""" + + dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_90_bend: float = 0.0 + """Pressure drop in outboard blanket coolant channel 90 degree bend (Pa)""" + + dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_180_bend: float = 0.0 + """Pressure drop in inboard blanket coolant channel 180 degree bend (Pa)""" + + dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_180_bend: float = 0.0 + """Pressure drop in outboard blanket coolant channel 180 degree bend (Pa)""" + + dpres_blkt_inboard_bends_total: float = 0.0 + """Total pressure drop in inboard blanket coolant channel bends (Pa)""" + + dpres_blkt_outboard_bends_total: float = 0.0 + """Total pressure drop in outboard blanket coolant channel bends (Pa)""" + + len_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_straight_total: float = 0.0 + """Total length of inboard blanket coolant channel straight sections (m)""" + + len_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_straight_total: float = 0.0 + """Total length of outboard blanket coolant channel straight sections (m)""" + CREATE_DICTS_FROM_DATACLASS = BlanketData diff --git a/process/data_structure/fwbs_variables.py b/process/data_structure/fwbs_variables.py index 860161499e..5e8e76e7c3 100644 --- a/process/data_structure/fwbs_variables.py +++ b/process/data_structure/fwbs_variables.py @@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ class FWBSData: """peak first wall temperature [K]""" roughness_fw_channel: float = 1.0e-6 - """first wall channel roughness epsilon [m]""" + """First wall channel roughness (ε) [m]""" len_fw_channel: float = 4.0 """Length of a single first wall channel (all in parallel) [m] @@ -638,17 +638,17 @@ class FWBSData: visc_blkt_coolant: float = 0.0 """Viscosity of the blanket primary coolant""" - cp_fw: float = 0.0 - """Spesific heat for FW and blanket primary coolant(s)""" + heatcap_pres_fw_coolant_average: float = 0.0 + """FW coolant average specific heat capacity at constant pressure [J/kg/K]""" - cv_fw: float = 0.0 - """Spesific heat for FW and blanket primary coolant(s)""" + heatcap_vol_fw_coolant_average: float = 0.0 + """FW coolant average specific heat capacity at constant volume [J/kg/K]""" - cp_bl: float = 0.0 - """Spesific heat for FW and blanket primary coolant(s)""" + heatcap_pres_blkt_coolant_average: float = 0.0 + """Blanket coolant average specific heat capacity at constant pressure [J/kg/K]""" - cv_bl: float = 0.0 - """Spesific heat for FW and blanket primary coolant(s)""" + heatcap_vol_blkt_coolant_average: float = 0.0 + """Blanket coolant average specific heat capacity at constant volume [J/kg/K]""" f_nuc_pow_bz_struct: float = 0.34 """For a dual-coolant blanket, fraction of BZ power cooled by primary coolant""" diff --git a/process/models/blankets/blanket_library.py b/process/models/blankets/blanket_library.py index db1c458f0c..1e50fc6239 100644 --- a/process/models/blankets/blanket_library.py +++ b/process/models/blankets/blanket_library.py @@ -21,10 +21,14 @@ eshellvol, ) from process.models.engineering.pumping import ( + CoolantFrictionLossParameters, CoolantType, + calculate_required_mass_flow_rate, calculate_reynolds_number, darcy_friction_haaland, + elbow_coeff, ) +from process.models.fw import N_FW_PIPE_90_DEG_BENDS, N_FW_PIPE_180_DEG_BENDS from process.models.power import PumpingPowerModelTypes logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) @@ -719,14 +723,22 @@ def primary_coolant_properties(self, output: bool): pressure=self.data.fwbs.pres_fw_coolant, ) self.data.fwbs.den_fw_coolant = fw_bb_fluid_properties.density - self.data.fwbs.cp_fw = fw_bb_fluid_properties.specific_heat_const_p - self.data.fwbs.cv_fw = fw_bb_fluid_properties.specific_heat_const_v + self.data.fwbs.heatcap_pres_fw_coolant_average = ( + fw_bb_fluid_properties.specific_heat_const_p + ) + self.data.fwbs.heatcap_vol_fw_coolant_average = ( + fw_bb_fluid_properties.specific_heat_const_v + ) self.data.fwbs.visc_fw_coolant = fw_bb_fluid_properties.viscosity self.data.fwbs.den_blkt_coolant = self.data.fwbs.den_fw_coolant self.data.fwbs.visc_blkt_coolant = self.data.fwbs.visc_fw_coolant - self.data.fwbs.cp_bl = self.data.fwbs.cp_fw - self.data.fwbs.cv_bl = self.data.fwbs.cv_fw + self.data.fwbs.heatcap_pres_blkt_coolant_average = ( + self.data.fwbs.heatcap_pres_fw_coolant_average + ) + self.data.fwbs.heatcap_vol_blkt_coolant_average = ( + self.data.fwbs.heatcap_vol_fw_coolant_average + ) # If FW and BB have different coolants... else: @@ -740,8 +752,12 @@ def primary_coolant_properties(self, output: bool): pressure=self.data.fwbs.pres_fw_coolant, ) self.data.fwbs.den_fw_coolant = fw_fluid_properties.density - self.data.fwbs.cp_fw = fw_fluid_properties.specific_heat_const_p - self.data.fwbs.cv_fw = fw_fluid_properties.specific_heat_const_v + self.data.fwbs.heatcap_pres_fw_coolant_average = ( + fw_fluid_properties.specific_heat_const_p + ) + self.data.fwbs.heatcap_vol_fw_coolant_average = ( + fw_fluid_properties.specific_heat_const_v + ) self.data.fwbs.visc_fw_coolant = fw_fluid_properties.viscosity # BB @@ -755,8 +771,12 @@ def primary_coolant_properties(self, output: bool): pressure=self.data.fwbs.pres_blkt_coolant, ) self.data.fwbs.den_blkt_coolant = bb_fluid_properties.density - self.data.fwbs.cp_bl = bb_fluid_properties.specific_heat_const_p - self.data.fwbs.cv_bl = bb_fluid_properties.specific_heat_const_v + self.data.fwbs.heatcap_pres_blkt_coolant_average = ( + bb_fluid_properties.specific_heat_const_p + ) + self.data.fwbs.heatcap_vol_blkt_coolant_average = ( + bb_fluid_properties.specific_heat_const_v + ) self.data.fwbs.visc_blkt_coolant = bb_fluid_properties.viscosity if ( @@ -1097,12 +1117,6 @@ def thermo_hydraulic_model_pressure_drop_calculations(self, output: bool): # Coolant channel bends - # Number of angle turns in FW and blanket flow channels, n.b. these are the - # same for CCFE HCPB and KIT DCLL. FW is also be the same for DCLL MMS ans SMS. - - N_FW_PIPE_90_DEG_BENDS = 2 - N_FW_PIPE_180_DEG_BENDS = 0 - # N.B. This is for BZ only, does not include MF/BSS. if self.data.fwbs.i_blkt_dual_coolant in {1, 2}: N_BLKT_PIPE_90_DEG_BENDS = 4 @@ -1392,7 +1406,7 @@ def thermo_hydraulic_model_pressure_drop_calculations(self, output: bool): b_bz_liq=self.data.fwbs.b_bz_liq, ) - dpres_fw_inboard_coolant = self.total_pressure_drop( + dpres_fw_inboard_coolant, _ = self.total_pressure_drop( output, icoolpump=1, vel_coolant=vel_fw_inboard_coolant, @@ -1407,7 +1421,7 @@ def thermo_hydraulic_model_pressure_drop_calculations(self, output: bool): label="Inboard first wall", ) - dpres_fw_outboard_coolant = self.total_pressure_drop( + dpres_fw_outboard_coolant, _ = self.total_pressure_drop( output, icoolpump=1, vel_coolant=vel_fw_outboard_coolant, @@ -1440,43 +1454,123 @@ def thermo_hydraulic_model_pressure_drop_calculations(self, output: bool): npoltoti = self.data.fwbs.nopol * npblkti_liq npoltoto = self.data.fwbs.nopol * npblkto_liq - dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant = self.total_pressure_drop( - output, - icoolpump=1, - vel_coolant=self.data.blanket.vel_blkt_outboard_coolant, - len_pipe=self.data.blanket.len_blkt_outboard_channel_total, - n_pipe_90_deg_bends=N_BLKT_PIPE_90_DEG_BENDS, - n_pipe_180_deg_bends=N_BLKT_PIPE_180_DEG_BENDS, - den_coolant=self.data.fwbs.den_blkt_coolant, - visc_coolant_dynamic=self.data.fwbs.visc_blkt_coolant, - coolant_electrical_conductivity=0.0e0, - pol_channel_length=pollengo, - nopolchan=npoltoto, - label="Outboard blanket", - ) - - if ( - self.data.build.i_blkt_inboard - == InboardBlanketConfiguration.INBOARD_BLANKET_PRESENT - ): - dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant = self.total_pressure_drop( + dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant, blkt_outboard_friction_params = ( + self.total_pressure_drop( output, icoolpump=1, - vel_coolant=self.data.blanket.vel_blkt_inboard_coolant, - len_pipe=self.data.blanket.len_blkt_inboard_channel_total, + vel_coolant=self.data.blanket.vel_blkt_outboard_coolant, + len_pipe=self.data.blanket.len_blkt_outboard_channel_total, n_pipe_90_deg_bends=N_BLKT_PIPE_90_DEG_BENDS, n_pipe_180_deg_bends=N_BLKT_PIPE_180_DEG_BENDS, den_coolant=self.data.fwbs.den_blkt_coolant, visc_coolant_dynamic=self.data.fwbs.visc_blkt_coolant, coolant_electrical_conductivity=0.0e0, - pol_channel_length=pollengi, - nopolchan=npoltoti, - label="Inboard blanket", + pol_channel_length=pollengo, + nopolchan=npoltoto, + label="Outboard blanket", ) + ) + + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_straight_total = ( + blkt_outboard_friction_params.dpres_straight + ) + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_90_bend = ( + blkt_outboard_friction_params.dpres_90 + ) + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_90_bends_total = ( + blkt_outboard_friction_params.dpres_90_total + ) + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_180_bend = ( + blkt_outboard_friction_params.dpres_180 + ) + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_180_bends_total = ( + blkt_outboard_friction_params.dpres_180_total + ) + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_outboard_bends_total = ( + blkt_outboard_friction_params.dpres_bends_total + ) + + self.data.blanket.reynolds_blkt_outboard_coolant = ( + blkt_outboard_friction_params.reynolds_number + ) + self.data.blanket.darcy_frict_blkt_outboard_coolant = ( + blkt_outboard_friction_params.darcy_friction_factor + ) + self.data.blanket.f_straight_blkt_outboard_coolant = ( + blkt_outboard_friction_params.f_straight + ) + self.data.blanket.len_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_straight_total = ( + blkt_outboard_friction_params.len_straight + ) + self.data.blanket.f_elbow_blkt_outboard_90_bend = ( + blkt_outboard_friction_params.f_elbow_90 + ) + self.data.blanket.f_elbow_blkt_outboard_180_bend = ( + blkt_outboard_friction_params.f_elbow_180 + ) + + if ( + self.data.build.i_blkt_inboard + == InboardBlanketConfiguration.INBOARD_BLANKET_PRESENT + ): + dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant, blkt_inboard_friction_params = ( + self.total_pressure_drop( + output, + icoolpump=1, + vel_coolant=self.data.blanket.vel_blkt_inboard_coolant, + len_pipe=self.data.blanket.len_blkt_inboard_channel_total, + n_pipe_90_deg_bends=N_BLKT_PIPE_90_DEG_BENDS, + n_pipe_180_deg_bends=N_BLKT_PIPE_180_DEG_BENDS, + den_coolant=self.data.fwbs.den_blkt_coolant, + visc_coolant_dynamic=self.data.fwbs.visc_blkt_coolant, + coolant_electrical_conductivity=0.0e0, + pol_channel_length=pollengi, + nopolchan=npoltoti, + label="Inboard blanket", + ) + ) + + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_straight_total = ( + blkt_inboard_friction_params.dpres_straight + ) + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_90_bend = ( + blkt_inboard_friction_params.dpres_90 + ) + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_90_bends_total = ( + blkt_inboard_friction_params.dpres_90_total + ) + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_180_bend = ( + blkt_inboard_friction_params.dpres_180 + ) + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_180_bends_total = ( + blkt_inboard_friction_params.dpres_180_total + ) + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_inboard_bends_total = ( + blkt_inboard_friction_params.dpres_bends_total + ) + + self.data.blanket.reynolds_blkt_inboard_coolant = ( + blkt_inboard_friction_params.reynolds_number + ) + self.data.blanket.darcy_frict_blkt_inboard_coolant = ( + blkt_inboard_friction_params.darcy_friction_factor + ) + self.data.blanket.f_straight_blkt_inboard_coolant = ( + blkt_inboard_friction_params.f_straight + ) + self.data.blanket.len_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_straight_total = ( + blkt_inboard_friction_params.len_straight + ) + self.data.blanket.f_elbow_blkt_inboard_90_bend = ( + blkt_inboard_friction_params.f_elbow_90 + ) + self.data.blanket.f_elbow_blkt_inboard_180_bend = ( + blkt_inboard_friction_params.f_elbow_180 + ) # If the blanket has a liquid metal breeder... if self.data.fwbs.i_blkt_dual_coolant > 0: - deltap_blo_liq = self.total_pressure_drop( + deltap_blo_liq, _ = self.total_pressure_drop( output, icoolpump=2, vel_coolant=velblkto_liq, @@ -1494,7 +1588,7 @@ def thermo_hydraulic_model_pressure_drop_calculations(self, output: bool): self.data.build.i_blkt_inboard == InboardBlanketConfiguration.INBOARD_BLANKET_PRESENT ): - deltap_bli_liq = self.total_pressure_drop( + deltap_bli_liq, _ = self.total_pressure_drop( output, icoolpump=2, vel_coolant=velblkti_liq, @@ -2217,26 +2311,26 @@ def thermo_hydraulic_model(self, output: bool): self.data.build.i_blkt_inboard == InboardBlanketConfiguration.INBOARD_BLANKET_PRESENT ): - fwoutleti = (f_nuc_fwi * self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_out) + ( - 1 - f_nuc_fwi - ) * self.data.fwbs.temp_fw_coolant_in - inlet_tempi = fwoutleti + temp_fw_coolant_out = ( + f_nuc_fwi * self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_out + ) + (1 - f_nuc_fwi) * self.data.fwbs.temp_fw_coolant_in + temp_blkt_coolant_in = temp_fw_coolant_out else: - fwoutleti = self.data.fwbs.temp_fw_coolant_out + temp_fw_coolant_out = self.data.fwbs.temp_fw_coolant_out - fwoutleto = (f_nuc_fwo * self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_out) + ( + temp_fw_coolant_out = (f_nuc_fwo * self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_out) + ( 1 - f_nuc_fwo ) * self.data.fwbs.temp_fw_coolant_in - inlet_tempo = fwoutleto + temp_blkt_coolant_in = temp_fw_coolant_out elif ( self.data.fwbs.i_fw_blkt_shared_coolant == FWBlktCoolantLoopTypes.SEPARATE_LOOPS ): - fwoutleti = self.data.fwbs.temp_fw_coolant_out - inlet_tempi = self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_in - fwoutleto = self.data.fwbs.temp_fw_coolant_out - inlet_tempo = self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_in + temp_fw_coolant_out = self.data.fwbs.temp_fw_coolant_out + temp_blkt_coolant_in = self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_in + temp_fw_coolant_out = self.data.fwbs.temp_fw_coolant_out + temp_blkt_coolant_in = self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_in # Maximum FW temperature. (27/11/2015) Issue #348 # First wall flow is just along the first wall, with no allowance for radial @@ -2279,35 +2373,49 @@ def thermo_hydraulic_model(self, output: bool): # Total mass flow rate to remove inboard FW power (kg/s) self.data.blanket.mflow_fw_inboard_coolant_total = ( - 1.0e6 - * (self.data.blanket.p_fw_inboard_nuclear_heat_mw + self.data.fwbs.psurffwi) - / (self.data.fwbs.cp_fw * (fwoutleti - self.data.fwbs.temp_fw_coolant_in)) + calculate_required_mass_flow_rate( + p_heat_total=1.0e6 + * ( + self.data.blanket.p_fw_inboard_nuclear_heat_mw + + self.data.fwbs.psurffwi + ), + heatcap_coolant=self.data.fwbs.heatcap_pres_fw_coolant_average, + temp_in_coolant=self.data.fwbs.temp_fw_coolant_in, + temp_out_coolant=temp_fw_coolant_out, + ) ) + # Total mass flow rate to remove outboard FW power (kg/s) self.data.blanket.mflow_fw_outboard_coolant_total = ( - 1.0e6 - * (self.data.blanket.p_fw_outboard_nuclear_heat_mw + self.data.fwbs.psurffwo) - / (self.data.fwbs.cp_fw * (fwoutleto - self.data.fwbs.temp_fw_coolant_in)) + calculate_required_mass_flow_rate( + p_heat_total=1.0e6 + * ( + self.data.blanket.p_fw_outboard_nuclear_heat_mw + + self.data.fwbs.psurffwo + ), + heatcap_coolant=self.data.fwbs.heatcap_pres_fw_coolant_average, + temp_in_coolant=self.data.fwbs.temp_fw_coolant_in, + temp_out_coolant=temp_fw_coolant_out, + ) ) # If the blanket is dual-coolant... if self.data.fwbs.i_blkt_dual_coolant == 2: # Mass flow rates for outboard blanket coolants (kg/s) self.data.blanket.mflow_blkt_outboard_coolant = ( - 1.0e6 - * (pnucblkto_struct) - / ( - self.data.fwbs.cp_bl - * (self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_out - inlet_tempo) + calculate_required_mass_flow_rate( + p_heat_total=1.0e6 * pnucblkto_struct, + heatcap_coolant=self.data.fwbs.heatcap_pres_blkt_coolant_average, + temp_in_coolant=temp_blkt_coolant_in, + temp_out_coolant=self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_out, ) ) - self.data.blanket.mfblkto_liq = ( - 1.0e6 - * (pnucblkto_liq) - / ( - self.data.fwbs.specific_heat_liq - * (self.data.fwbs.outlet_temp_liq - self.data.fwbs.inlet_temp_liq) - ) + + self.data.blanket.mfblkto_liq = calculate_required_mass_flow_rate( + p_heat_total=1.0e6 * pnucblkto_liq, + heatcap_coolant=self.data.fwbs.specific_heat_liq, + temp_in_coolant=self.data.fwbs.inlet_temp_liq, + temp_out_coolant=self.data.fwbs.outlet_temp_liq, ) # If there is an IB blanket... @@ -2317,34 +2425,31 @@ def thermo_hydraulic_model(self, output: bool): ): # Mass flow rates for inboard blanket coolants (kg/s) self.data.blanket.mflow_blkt_inboard_coolant = ( - 1.0e6 - * (pnucblkti_struct) - / ( - self.data.fwbs.cp_bl - * (self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_out - inlet_tempi) + calculate_required_mass_flow_rate( + p_heat_total=1.0e6 * pnucblkti_struct, + heatcap_coolant=self.data.fwbs.heatcap_pres_blkt_coolant_average, + temp_in_coolant=temp_blkt_coolant_in, + temp_out_coolant=self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_out, ) ) - self.data.blanket.mfblkti_liq = ( - 1.0e6 - * (pnucblkti_liq) - / ( - self.data.fwbs.specific_heat_liq - * ( - self.data.fwbs.outlet_temp_liq - - self.data.fwbs.inlet_temp_liq - ) - ) + + self.data.blanket.mfblkti_liq = calculate_required_mass_flow_rate( + p_heat_total=1.0e6 * pnucblkti_liq, + heatcap_coolant=self.data.fwbs.specific_heat_liq, + temp_in_coolant=self.data.fwbs.inlet_temp_liq, + temp_out_coolant=self.data.fwbs.outlet_temp_liq, ) # If the blanket is single-coolant with liquid metal breeder... elif self.data.fwbs.i_blkt_dual_coolant == 1: # Mass flow rate for outboard blanket coolant (kg/s) self.data.blanket.mflow_blkt_outboard_coolant = ( - 1.0e6 - * (self.data.blanket.p_blkt_nuclear_heat_outboard_mw) - / ( - self.data.fwbs.cp_bl - * (self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_out - inlet_tempo) + calculate_required_mass_flow_rate( + p_heat_total=1.0e6 + * self.data.blanket.p_blkt_nuclear_heat_outboard_mw, + heatcap_coolant=self.data.fwbs.heatcap_pres_blkt_coolant_average, + temp_in_coolant=temp_blkt_coolant_in, + temp_out_coolant=self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_out, ) ) @@ -2362,13 +2467,15 @@ def thermo_hydraulic_model(self, output: bool): ): # Mass flow rate for inboard blanket coolant (kg/s) self.data.blanket.mflow_blkt_inboard_coolant = ( - 1.0e6 - * (self.data.blanket.p_blkt_nuclear_heat_inboard_mw) - / ( - self.data.fwbs.cp_bl - * (self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_out - inlet_tempi) + calculate_required_mass_flow_rate( + p_heat_total=1.0e6 + * self.data.blanket.p_blkt_nuclear_heat_inboard_mw, + heatcap_coolant=self.data.fwbs.heatcap_pres_blkt_coolant_average, + temp_in_coolant=temp_blkt_coolant_in, + temp_out_coolant=self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_out, ) ) + # Mass flow rate for inboard breeder flow (kg/s) self.data.fwbs.mfblkti_liq = ( self.data.fwbs.n_liq_recirc * self.data.fwbs.wht_liq_ib @@ -2378,11 +2485,12 @@ def thermo_hydraulic_model(self, output: bool): else: # Mass flow rate for inboard blanket coolant (kg/s) self.data.blanket.mflow_blkt_outboard_coolant = ( - 1.0e6 - * (self.data.blanket.p_blkt_nuclear_heat_outboard_mw) - / ( - self.data.fwbs.cp_bl - * (self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_out - inlet_tempo) + calculate_required_mass_flow_rate( + p_heat_total=1.0e6 + * self.data.blanket.p_blkt_nuclear_heat_outboard_mw, + heatcap_coolant=self.data.fwbs.heatcap_pres_blkt_coolant_average, + temp_in_coolant=temp_blkt_coolant_in, + temp_out_coolant=self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_out, ) ) @@ -2393,11 +2501,12 @@ def thermo_hydraulic_model(self, output: bool): == InboardBlanketConfiguration.INBOARD_BLANKET_PRESENT ): self.data.blanket.mflow_blkt_inboard_coolant = ( - 1.0e6 - * (self.data.blanket.p_blkt_nuclear_heat_inboard_mw) - / ( - self.data.fwbs.cp_bl - * (self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_out - inlet_tempi) + calculate_required_mass_flow_rate( + p_heat_total=1.0e6 + * self.data.blanket.p_blkt_nuclear_heat_inboard_mw, + heatcap_coolant=self.data.fwbs.heatcap_pres_blkt_coolant_average, + temp_in_coolant=temp_blkt_coolant_in, + temp_out_coolant=self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_out, ) ) @@ -2411,15 +2520,15 @@ def thermo_hydraulic_model(self, output: bool): deltap = self.thermo_hydraulic_model_pressure_drop_calculations( output=output ) - deltap_fwi = deltap[0] - deltap_fwo = deltap[1] - deltap_blo = deltap[2] + dpres_fw_inboard_coolant = deltap[0] + dpres_fw_outboard_coolant = deltap[1] + dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant = deltap[2] if self.data.fwbs.i_blkt_dual_coolant > 0: if ( self.data.build.i_blkt_inboard == InboardBlanketConfiguration.INBOARD_BLANKET_PRESENT ): - deltap_bli = deltap[3] + dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant = deltap[3] deltap_blo_liq = deltap[4] deltap_bli_liq = deltap[5] else: @@ -2428,7 +2537,7 @@ def thermo_hydraulic_model(self, output: bool): self.data.build.i_blkt_inboard == InboardBlanketConfiguration.INBOARD_BLANKET_PRESENT ): - deltap_bli = deltap[3] + dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant = deltap[3] # Pumping Power # If FW and BB have the same coolant... @@ -2439,12 +2548,21 @@ def thermo_hydraulic_model(self, output: bool): self.data.build.i_blkt_inboard == InboardBlanketConfiguration.INBOARD_BLANKET_PRESENT ): - deltap_fw_blkt = deltap_fwi + deltap_bli + deltap_fwo + deltap_blo + deltap_fw_blkt = ( + dpres_fw_inboard_coolant + + dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant + + dpres_fw_outboard_coolant + + dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant + ) if ( self.data.build.i_blkt_inboard == InboardBlanketConfiguration.NO_INBOARD_BLANKET ): - deltap_fw_blkt = deltap_fwi + deltap_fwo + deltap_blo + deltap_fw_blkt = ( + dpres_fw_inboard_coolant + + dpres_fw_outboard_coolant + + dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant + ) elif ( i_p_coolant_pumping == PumpingPowerModelTypes.MECHANICAL_WITH_PRESSURE_DROP @@ -2479,25 +2597,29 @@ def thermo_hydraulic_model(self, output: bool): ): if i_p_coolant_pumping == PumpingPowerModelTypes.MECHANICAL: # Total pressure drop in the first wall (Pa) - deltap_fw = deltap_fwi + deltap_fwo + dpres_fw_coolant_total = ( + dpres_fw_inboard_coolant + dpres_fw_outboard_coolant + ) # Total pressure drop in the blanket (Pa) if ( self.data.build.i_blkt_inboard == InboardBlanketConfiguration.INBOARD_BLANKET_PRESENT ): - deltap_blkt = deltap_bli + deltap_blo + dpres_blkt_coolant_total = ( + dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant + dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant + ) if ( self.data.build.i_blkt_inboard == InboardBlanketConfiguration.NO_INBOARD_BLANKET ): - deltap_blkt = deltap_blo + dpres_blkt_coolant_total = dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant elif ( i_p_coolant_pumping == PumpingPowerModelTypes.MECHANICAL_WITH_PRESSURE_DROP ): - deltap_fw = self.data.primary_pumping.dp_fw - deltap_blkt = self.data.primary_pumping.dp_blkt + dpres_fw_coolant_total = self.data.primary_pumping.dp_fw + dpres_blkt_coolant_total = self.data.primary_pumping.dp_blkt # Total coolant mass flow rate in the first wall (kg/s) self.data.blanket.mflow_fw_coolant_total = ( @@ -2517,7 +2639,7 @@ def thermo_hydraulic_model(self, output: bool): temp_coolant_pump_outlet=self.data.fwbs.temp_fw_coolant_in, temp_coolant_pump_inlet=self.data.fwbs.temp_fw_coolant_out, pres_coolant_pump_inlet=self.data.fwbs.pres_fw_coolant, - dpres_coolant=deltap_fw, + dpres_coolant=dpres_fw_coolant_total, mflow_coolant_total=self.data.blanket.mflow_fw_coolant_total, i_coolant_type=self.data.fwbs.i_fw_coolant_type, den_coolant=self.data.fwbs.den_fw_coolant, @@ -2531,7 +2653,7 @@ def thermo_hydraulic_model(self, output: bool): temp_coolant_pump_outlet=self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_in, temp_coolant_pump_inlet=self.data.fwbs.temp_blkt_coolant_out, pres_coolant_pump_inlet=self.data.fwbs.pres_blkt_coolant, - dpres_coolant=deltap_blkt, + dpres_coolant=dpres_blkt_coolant_total, mflow_coolant_total=self.data.blanket.mflow_blkt_coolant_total, i_coolant_type=(self.data.fwbs.i_blkt_coolant_type), den_coolant=self.data.fwbs.den_blkt_coolant, @@ -2840,7 +2962,7 @@ def total_pressure_drop( pol_channel_length: float, nopolchan: int, label: str, - ) -> float: + ) -> tuple[float, CoolantFrictionLossParameters]: """Calculate the total pressure drop (Pa) for coolant flow in the first wall (FW) and breeding blanket (BZ). This includes frictional losses and, for liquid breeder coolants, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) losses. @@ -2874,8 +2996,8 @@ def total_pressure_drop( Returns ------- - float - Total pressure drop (Pa). + tuple + Total pressure drop (Pa) and friction loss parameters. """ radius_pipe_90_deg_bend, radius_pipe_180_deg_bend = calculate_pipe_bend_radius( i_ps=icoolpump, @@ -2884,19 +3006,22 @@ def total_pressure_drop( ) # Friction - for all coolants - dpres_friction = self.coolant_friction_pressure_drop( - i_ps=icoolpump, - radius_pipe_90_deg_bend=radius_pipe_90_deg_bend, - radius_pipe_180_deg_bend=radius_pipe_180_deg_bend, - n_pipe_90_deg_bends=n_pipe_90_deg_bends, - n_pipe_180_deg_bends=n_pipe_180_deg_bends, - len_pipe=len_pipe, - den_coolant=den_coolant, - visc_coolant=visc_coolant_dynamic, - vel_coolant=vel_coolant, - label=label, - output=output, - ) + friction_params: CoolantFrictionLossParameters = ( + self.coolant_friction_pressure_drop( + i_ps=icoolpump, + radius_pipe_90_deg_bend=radius_pipe_90_deg_bend, + radius_pipe_180_deg_bend=radius_pipe_180_deg_bend, + n_pipe_90_deg_bends=n_pipe_90_deg_bends, + n_pipe_180_deg_bends=n_pipe_180_deg_bends, + len_pipe=len_pipe, + den_coolant=den_coolant, + visc_coolant=visc_coolant_dynamic, + vel_coolant=vel_coolant, + roughness_channel=self.data.fwbs.roughness_fw_channel, + radius_channel=self.data.fwbs.radius_fw_channel, + ) + ) + dpres_friction = friction_params.dpres_total if icoolpump == 2: dpres_mhd = self.liquid_breeder_mhd_pressure_drop( @@ -2914,22 +3039,7 @@ def total_pressure_drop( # Total pressure drop (Pa) dpres_total = dpres_friction + dpres_mhd - if output: - po.osubhd(self.outfile, f"Total pressure drop for {label}") - - po.ocmmnt(self.outfile, "Friction drops plus MHD drops if applicaple") - po.ovarre( - self.outfile, "Total pressure drop (Pa)", "(deltap)", dpres_total, "OP " - ) - po.ovarre( - self.outfile, - "Coolant flow velocity (m/s)", - "(flow_velocity, formerly vv)", - vel_coolant, - "OP ", - ) - - return dpres_total + return dpres_total, friction_params def liquid_breeder_mhd_pressure_drop( self, @@ -3096,9 +3206,9 @@ def coolant_friction_pressure_drop( den_coolant: float, visc_coolant: float, vel_coolant: float, - label: str, - output: bool = False, - ): + roughness_channel: float, + radius_channel: float, + ) -> CoolantFrictionLossParameters: """Pressure drops are calculated for a pipe with a number of 90 and 180 degree bends. The pressure drop due to frictional forces along the total straight length of the pipe is calculated, then the pressure @@ -3110,27 +3220,42 @@ def coolant_friction_pressure_drop( i_ps : switch for primary or secondary coolant radius_pipe_90_deg_bend : - radius of 90 degree bend in pipe (m) + radius of 90 degree bend in pipe [m] radius_pipe_180_deg_bend : - radius of 180 degree bend in pipe (m) + radius of 180 degree bend in pipe [m] n_pipe_90_deg_bends : number of 90 degree bends in the pipe n_pipe_180_deg_bends : number of 180 degree bends in the pipe len_pipe : - total flow length along pipe (m) + total flow length along pipe [m] den_coolant : - coolant density (kg/m³) + coolant density [kg/m³] visc_coolant : - coolant viscosity (Pa s) + coolant viscosity [Pa s] vel_coolant : - coolant flow velocity (m/s) - label : - component name - output : - boolean of whether to write data to output file + coolant flow velocity [m/s] + roughness_channel : + roughness of the channel wall (ε) [m] + radius_channel : + radius of the channel [m] - :Notes: + Returns + ------- + : + `CoolantFrictionLossParameters` dataclass containing: + - Total pressure drop due to friction (Pa) + - Pressure drop due to straight sections (Pa) + - Pressure drop due to 90 degree bends (Pa) + - Pressure drop due to 180 degree bends (Pa) + - Reynolds number + - Darcy friction factor + - Pressure drop coefficient for straight sections + - Pressure drop coefficient for 90 degree bends + - Pressure drop coefficient for 180 degree bends + + Notes + ----- Darcy-Weisbach Equation (straight pipe): ΔP = λ * L/D * (p 〈v〉²) / 2 @@ -3144,7 +3269,7 @@ def coolant_friction_pressure_drop( N.B. Darcy friction factor is estimated from the Haaland approximation. """ # Calculate hydraulic dimater for round or retancular pipe (m) - dia_pipe = self.pipe_hydraulic_diameter(i_ps) + dia_pipe = self.pipe_hydraulic_diameter(i_channel_shape=i_ps) # Reynolds number reynolds_number = calculate_reynolds_number( @@ -3155,14 +3280,15 @@ def coolant_friction_pressure_drop( ) # Calculate Darcy friction factor - # N.B. friction function Uses Haaland approx. which assumes a filled circular pipe. - # Use dh which allows us to do fluid calculations for non-cicular tubes + # N.B. friction function Uses Haaland approx. which assumes a filled + # circular pipe. + # Use dh which allows us to do fluid calculations for non-circular tubes # (dh is estimate appropriate for fully developed flow). darcy_friction_factor = darcy_friction_haaland( reynolds=reynolds_number, - roughness_channel=self.data.fwbs.roughness_fw_channel, - radius_channel=self.data.fwbs.radius_fw_channel, + roughness_channel=roughness_channel, + radius_channel=radius_channel, ) # Pressure drop coefficient @@ -3171,7 +3297,7 @@ def coolant_friction_pressure_drop( f_straight = darcy_friction_factor * len_pipe / dia_pipe # 90 degree elbow pressure drop coefficient - f_elbow_90 = self.elbow_coeff( + f_elbow_90 = elbow_coeff( radius_pipe_elbow=radius_pipe_90_deg_bend, deg_pipe_elbow=90.0, darcy_friction=darcy_friction_factor, @@ -3179,7 +3305,7 @@ def coolant_friction_pressure_drop( ) # 180 degree elbow pressure drop coefficient - f_elbow_180 = self.elbow_coeff( + f_elbow_180 = elbow_coeff( radius_pipe_elbow=radius_pipe_180_deg_bend, deg_pipe_elbow=180.0, darcy_friction=darcy_friction_factor, @@ -3190,78 +3316,31 @@ def coolant_friction_pressure_drop( dpres_straight = f_straight * 0.5 * den_coolant * vel_coolant**2 # Pressure drop due to 90 and 180 degree bends - dpres_90 = n_pipe_90_deg_bends * f_elbow_90 * 0.5 * den_coolant * vel_coolant**2 - dpres_180 = ( - n_pipe_180_deg_bends * f_elbow_180 * 0.5 * den_coolant * vel_coolant**2 - ) - - # Total pressure drop (Pa) - dpres_total = dpres_straight + dpres_90 + dpres_180 - - if output: - po.osubhd(self.outfile, f"Pressure drop (friction) for {label}") - po.ovarre(self.outfile, "Reynolds number", "(reyn)", reynolds_number, "OP ") - po.ovarre( - self.outfile, - "Darcy friction factor", - "(lambda)", - darcy_friction_factor, - "OP ", - ) - po.ovarre( - self.outfile, - "Pressure drop (Pa)", - "(pressure_drop)", - dpres_total, - "OP ", - ) - po.ocmmnt(self.outfile, "This is the sum of the following:") - po.ovarre( - self.outfile, - " Straight sections (Pa)", - "(pdropstraight)", - dpres_straight, - "OP ", - ) - po.ovarre( - self.outfile, - " 90 degree bends (Pa)", - "(pdrop90)", - dpres_90, - "OP ", - ) - po.ovarre( - self.outfile, - " 180 degree bends (Pa)", - "(pdrop180)", - dpres_180, - "OP ", - ) + dpres_90 = f_elbow_90 * 0.5 * den_coolant * vel_coolant**2 + dpres_90_total = n_pipe_90_deg_bends * dpres_90 + dpres_180 = f_elbow_180 * 0.5 * den_coolant * vel_coolant**2 + dpres_180_total = n_pipe_180_deg_bends * dpres_180 - # TN: always write verbose stuff, it has no harm - po.ovarre( - self.outfile, - "Straight section pressure drop coefficient", - "(kstrght)", - f_straight, - "OP ", - ) - po.ovarre( - self.outfile, - "90 degree elbow coefficient", - "(kelbwn)", - f_elbow_90, - "OP ", - ) - po.ovarre( - self.outfile, - "180 degree elbow coefficient coefficient", - "(kelbwt)", - f_elbow_180, - "OP ", - ) + dpres_bends_total = dpres_90_total + dpres_180_total - return dpres_total + # Total pressure drop (Pa) + dpres_total = dpres_straight + dpres_bends_total + + return CoolantFrictionLossParameters( + dpres_total=dpres_total, + dpres_straight=dpres_straight, + dpres_90=dpres_90, + dpres_90_total=dpres_90_total, + dpres_180=dpres_180, + dpres_180_total=dpres_180_total, + dpres_bends_total=dpres_bends_total, + reynolds_number=reynolds_number, + darcy_friction_factor=darcy_friction_factor, + f_straight=f_straight, + len_straight=len_pipe, + f_elbow_90=f_elbow_90, + f_elbow_180=f_elbow_180, + ) def pipe_hydraulic_diameter(self, i_channel_shape): """Caculate the hydraulic diameter (m) for a given coolant pipe size/shape. @@ -3290,70 +3369,6 @@ def pipe_hydraulic_diameter(self, i_channel_shape): f"i_channel_shape ={i_channel_shape} is an invalid option." ) - @staticmethod - def elbow_coeff( - radius_pipe_elbow: float, - deg_pipe_elbow: float, - darcy_friction: float, - dia_pipe: float, - ) -> float: - """Calculates elbow bend coefficients for pressure drop calculations. - - Parameters - ---------- - radius_pipe_elbow : float - Pipe elbow radius (m) - deg_pipe_elbow : float - Pipe elbow angle (degrees) - darcy_friction : float - Darcy friction factor - dia_pipe : float - Pipe diameter (m) - - Returns - ------- - float - Elbow coefficient for pressure drop calculation - - References - ---------- - - [Ide1969] Idel'Cik, I. E. (1969), Memento des pertes de charge, - Collection de la Direction des Etudes et Recherches d'Electricité de France. - """ - if deg_pipe_elbow == 90: - a = 1.0 - elif deg_pipe_elbow < 70: - a = 0.9 * np.sin(deg_pipe_elbow * np.pi / 180.0) - elif deg_pipe_elbow > 100: - a = 0.7 + (0.35 * np.sin((deg_pipe_elbow / 90.0) * (np.pi / 180.0))) - else: - raise ProcessValueError( - "No formula for 70 <= elbow angle(deg) <= 100, only 90 deg option available in this range." - ) - - r_ratio = radius_pipe_elbow / dia_pipe - - if r_ratio > 1: - b = 0.21 / r_ratio**0.5 - elif r_ratio < 1: - b = 0.21 / r_ratio**2.5 - else: - b = 0.21 - - # Singularity - ximt = a * b - - # Friction - xift = ( - (np.pi / 180.0) - * darcy_friction - * (radius_pipe_elbow / dia_pipe) - * deg_pipe_elbow - ) - - # Elbow Coefficient - return ximt + xift - def coolant_pumping_power( self, output: bool, @@ -3525,6 +3540,288 @@ def coolant_pumping_power( return pumppower + def output_blkt_pumping_variables(self): + + po.oheadr(self.outfile, "Blanket pumping variables") + + po.osubhd(self.outfile, "Inboard Blanket") + + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Inboard blanket coolant channel length (radial direction) (m)", + "(len_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_radial)", + self.data.blanket.len_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_radial, + "OP ", + ) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Inboard blanket coolant channel length (poloidal direction) (m)", + "(len_blkt_inboard_segment_poloidal)", + self.data.blanket.len_blkt_inboard_segment_poloidal, + "OP ", + ) + po.oblnkl(self.outfile) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Number of inboard blanket coolant sections in the radial direction", + "(n_blkt_inboard_module_coolant_sections_radial)", + self.data.fwbs.n_blkt_inboard_module_coolant_sections_radial, + "OP ", + ) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Number of inboard blanket coolant sections in the poloidal direction", + "(n_blkt_inboard_module_coolant_sections_poloidal)", + self.data.fwbs.n_blkt_inboard_module_coolant_sections_poloidal, + "OP ", + ) + po.oblnkl(self.outfile) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Total length of inboard blanket coolant channel straight sections (m)", + "(len_blkt_inboard_channel_total)", + self.data.blanket.len_blkt_inboard_channel_total, + "OP ", + ) + po.oblnkl(self.outfile) + po.ocmmnt(self.outfile, "----------------------------") + + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Pressure drop for straight sections of inboard blanket (Pa)", + "(dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_straight_total)", + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_straight_total, + "OP ", + ) + po.oblnkl(self.outfile) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Pressure drop for 90° bends of inboard blanket (Pa)", + "(dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_90_bend)", + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_90_bend, + "OP ", + ) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Total pressure drop for 90° bends of inboard blanket (Pa)", + "(dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_90_bends_total)", + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_90_bends_total, + "OP ", + ) + po.oblnkl(self.outfile) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Pressure drop for 180° bends of inboard blanket (Pa)", + "(dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_180_bend)", + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_180_bend, + "OP ", + ) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Total pressure drop for 180° bends of inboard blanket (Pa)", + "(dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_180_bends_total)", + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_180_bends_total, + "OP ", + ) + + po.oblnkl(self.outfile) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Total pressure drop for all bends (Pa)", + "(dpres_blkt_inboard_bends_total)", + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_inboard_bends_total, + "OP ", + ) + + po.oblnkl(self.outfile) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Reynolds number of inboard blanket coolant", + "(reynolds_blkt_inboard_coolant)", + self.data.blanket.reynolds_blkt_inboard_coolant, + "OP ", + ) + + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Darcy friction factor of inboard blanket coolant", + "(darcy_frict_blkt_inboard_coolant)", + self.data.blanket.darcy_frict_blkt_inboard_coolant, + "OP ", + ) + po.oblnkl(self.outfile) + + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Pressure drop coefficient for straight sections of inboard blanket", + "(f_straight_blkt_inboard_coolant)", + self.data.blanket.f_straight_blkt_inboard_coolant, + "OP ", + ) + + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Total length of straight sections of inboard blanket coolant channels (m)", + "(len_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_straight_total)", + self.data.blanket.len_blkt_inboard_coolant_channel_straight_total, + "OP ", + ) + + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Pressure drop coefficient for 90° bends in inboard blanket", + "(f_elbow_blkt_inboard_90_bend)", + self.data.blanket.f_elbow_blkt_inboard_90_bend, + "OP ", + ) + + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Pressure drop coefficient for 180° bends in inboard blanket", + "(f_elbow_blkt_inboard_180_bend)", + self.data.blanket.f_elbow_blkt_inboard_180_bend, + "OP ", + ) + + po.osubhd(self.outfile, "Outboard Blanket") + + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Outboard blanket coolant channel length (radial direction) (m)", + "(len_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_radial)", + self.data.blanket.len_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_radial, + "OP ", + ) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Outboard blanket coolant channel length (poloidal direction) (m)", + "(len_blkt_outboard_segment_poloidal)", + self.data.blanket.len_blkt_outboard_segment_poloidal, + "OP ", + ) + po.oblnkl(self.outfile) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Number of outboard blanket coolant sections in the radial direction", + "(n_blkt_outboard_module_coolant_sections_radial)", + self.data.fwbs.n_blkt_outboard_module_coolant_sections_radial, + "OP ", + ) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Number of outboard blanket coolant sections in the poloidal direction", + "(n_blkt_outboard_module_coolant_sections_poloidal)", + self.data.fwbs.n_blkt_outboard_module_coolant_sections_poloidal, + "OP ", + ) + po.oblnkl(self.outfile) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Total length of outboard blanket coolant channel straight sections (m)", + "(len_blkt_outboard_channel_total)", + self.data.blanket.len_blkt_outboard_channel_total, + "OP ", + ) + po.oblnkl(self.outfile) + po.ocmmnt(self.outfile, "----------------------------") + + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Pressure drop for straight sections of outboard blanket (Pa)", + "(dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_straight_total)", + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_straight_total, + "OP ", + ) + po.oblnkl(self.outfile) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Pressure drop for 90° bends of outboard blanket (Pa)", + "(dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_90_bend)", + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_90_bend, + "OP ", + ) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Total pressure drop for 90° bends of outboard blanket (Pa)", + "(dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_90_bends_total)", + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_90_bends_total, + "OP ", + ) + po.oblnkl(self.outfile) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Pressure drop for 180° bends of outboard blanket (Pa)", + "(dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_180_bend)", + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_180_bend, + "OP ", + ) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Total pressure drop for 180° bends of outboard blanket (Pa)", + "(dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_180_bends_total)", + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_180_bends_total, + "OP ", + ) + + po.oblnkl(self.outfile) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Total pressure drop for all bends (Pa)", + "(dpres_blkt_outboard_bends_total)", + self.data.blanket.dpres_blkt_outboard_bends_total, + "OP ", + ) + + po.oblnkl(self.outfile) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Reynolds number of outboard blanket coolant", + "(reynolds_blkt_outboard_coolant)", + self.data.blanket.reynolds_blkt_outboard_coolant, + "OP ", + ) + + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Darcy friction factor of outboard blanket coolant", + "(darcy_frict_blkt_outboard_coolant)", + self.data.blanket.darcy_frict_blkt_outboard_coolant, + "OP ", + ) + po.oblnkl(self.outfile) + + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Pressure drop coefficient for straight sections of outboard blanket", + "(f_straight_blkt_outboard_coolant)", + self.data.blanket.f_straight_blkt_outboard_coolant, + "OP ", + ) + + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Total length of straight sections of outboard blanket coolant channels (m)", + "(len_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_straight_total)", + self.data.blanket.len_blkt_outboard_coolant_channel_straight_total, + "OP ", + ) + + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Pressure drop coefficient for 90° bends in outboard blanket", + "(f_elbow_blkt_outboard_90_bend)", + self.data.blanket.f_elbow_blkt_outboard_90_bend, + "OP ", + ) + + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Pressure drop coefficient for 180° bends in outboard blanket", + "(f_elbow_blkt_outboard_180_bend)", + self.data.blanket.f_elbow_blkt_outboard_180_bend, + "OP ", + ) + class OutboardBlanket(BlanketLibrary): def calculate_basic_geometry(self): diff --git a/process/models/blankets/hcpb.py b/process/models/blankets/hcpb.py index 4187fe05cb..e35dad9148 100644 --- a/process/models/blankets/hcpb.py +++ b/process/models/blankets/hcpb.py @@ -847,6 +847,53 @@ def powerflow_calc(self, output: bool): + self.data.fwbs.p_div_rad_total_mw ) ) + if output: + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Mechanical pumping power for FW and blanket cooling loop including heat exchanger (MW)", + "(p_fw_blkt_coolant_pump_mw)", + self.data.primary_pumping.p_fw_blkt_coolant_pump_mw, + "OP ", + ) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Pumping power for FW and Blanket multiplier factor", + "(f_p_fw_blkt_pump)", + self.data.primary_pumping.f_p_fw_blkt_pump, + "IP ", + ) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Mechanical pumping power for divertor (MW)", + "(p_div_coolant_pump_mw)", + self.data.heat_transport.p_div_coolant_pump_mw, + "OP ", + ) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Mechanical pumping power for shield and vacuum vessel (MW)", + "(p_shld_coolant_pump_mw)", + self.data.heat_transport.p_shld_coolant_pump_mw, + "OP ", + ) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Radius of blanket cooling channels (m)", + "(radius_blkt_channel)", + self.data.fwbs.radius_blkt_channel, + ) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Radius of 90 degree coolant channel bend (m)", + "(radius_blkt_channel_90_bend)", + self.data.fwbs.radius_blkt_channel_90_bend, + ) + po.ovarre( + self.outfile, + "Radius of 180 degree coolant channel bend (m)", + "(radius_blkt_channel_180_bend)", + self.data.fwbs.radius_blkt_channel_180_bend, + ) elif i_p_coolant_pumping == PumpingPowerModelTypes.MECHANICAL_WITH_PRESSURE_DROP: # Issue #503 diff --git a/process/models/engineering/pumping.py b/process/models/engineering/pumping.py index ae7f2f6131..19c00b242f 100644 --- a/process/models/engineering/pumping.py +++ b/process/models/engineering/pumping.py @@ -1,11 +1,16 @@ """Engineering models for pumping system analysis.""" import logging +from dataclasses import dataclass from enum import IntEnum from types import DynamicClassAttribute import numpy as np +from process.core.exceptions import ProcessValueError + +logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) + class CoolantType(IntEnum): """Enum for coolant types.""" @@ -40,7 +45,36 @@ def full_name(self): return self._full_name_ -logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) +@dataclass +class CoolantFrictionLossParameters: + """Parameters for calculating coolant friction losses.""" + + dpres_total: float + """Total pressure drop across the coolant channel (Pa)""" + dpres_straight: float + """Pressure drop due to straight length of the coolant channel (Pa)""" + dpres_90: float + """Pressure drop due to 90 degree bends in the coolant channel (Pa)""" + dpres_90_total: float + """Total pressure drop due to 90 degree bends in the coolant channel (Pa)""" + dpres_180: float + """Pressure drop due to 180 degree bends in the coolant channel (Pa)""" + dpres_180_total: float + """Total pressure drop due to 180 degree bends in the coolant channel (Pa)""" + dpres_bends_total: float + """Total pressure drop due to bends in the coolant channel (Pa)""" + reynolds_number: float + """Reynolds number of the coolant flow in the channel""" + darcy_friction_factor: float + """Darcy friction factor for the coolant flow in the channel""" + f_straight: float + """Friction factor for straight length of the coolant channel""" + len_straight: float + """Length of straight sections of the coolant channel (m)""" + f_elbow_90: float + """Friction factor for 90 degree bends in the coolant channel""" + f_elbow_180: float + """Friction factor for 180 degree bends in the coolant channel""" def darcy_friction_haaland( @@ -199,3 +233,101 @@ def calculate_reynolds_number( # Calculate Reynolds number return den_coolant * vel_coolant * diameter / visc_coolant + + +def elbow_coeff( + radius_pipe_elbow: float, + deg_pipe_elbow: float, + darcy_friction: float, + dia_pipe: float, +) -> float: + """Calculates elbow bend coefficients for pressure drop calculations. + + Parameters + ---------- + radius_pipe_elbow : float + Pipe elbow radius (m) + deg_pipe_elbow : float + Pipe elbow angle (degrees) + darcy_friction : float + Darcy friction factor + dia_pipe : float + Pipe diameter (m) + + Returns + ------- + float + Elbow coefficient for pressure drop calculation + + References + ---------- + [1] Idel'Cik, I. E. (1969), Memento des pertes de charge, + Collection de la Direction des Etudes et Recherches d'Electricité de France. + """ + if deg_pipe_elbow == 90: + a = 1.0 + elif deg_pipe_elbow < 70: + a = 0.9 * np.sin(deg_pipe_elbow * np.pi / 180.0) + elif deg_pipe_elbow > 100: + a = 0.7 + (0.35 * np.sin((deg_pipe_elbow / 90.0) * (np.pi / 180.0))) + else: + raise ProcessValueError( + "No formula for 70 <= elbow angle(deg) <= 100, only 90 deg option available in this range." + ) + + r_ratio = radius_pipe_elbow / dia_pipe + + if r_ratio > 1: + b = 0.21 / r_ratio**0.5 + elif r_ratio < 1: + b = 0.21 / r_ratio**2.5 + else: + b = 0.21 + + # Singularity + ximt = a * b + + # Friction + xift = ( + (np.pi / 180.0) + * darcy_friction + * (radius_pipe_elbow / dia_pipe) + * deg_pipe_elbow + ) + + # Elbow Coefficient + return ximt + xift + + +def calculate_required_mass_flow_rate( + p_heat_total: float, + heatcap_coolant: float, + temp_in_coolant: float, + temp_out_coolant: float, +) -> float: + """Calculate the required mass flow rate of coolant to remove the specified heat + load, due to the fundamental energy balance formula. + + Parameters + ---------- + p_heat_total: + Total heat load to be removed (W). + heatcap_coolant: + Specific heat capacity of the coolant (J/kg/K). + temp_in_coolant: + Inlet temperature of the coolant (K). + temp_out_coolant: + Outlet temperature of the coolant (K). + + Returns + ------- + float + Required mass flow rate of the coolant (kg/s). + + Notes + ----- + The heat capacity is assumed to be constant over the temperature range of the + coolant. + + """ + return p_heat_total / (heatcap_coolant * (temp_out_coolant - temp_in_coolant)) diff --git a/process/models/fw.py b/process/models/fw.py index 9f847fcf5f..6134f58e2a 100644 --- a/process/models/fw.py +++ b/process/models/fw.py @@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) +N_FW_PIPE_90_DEG_BENDS = 2 +"Number of 90 degree bends in first wall coolant channels." +N_FW_PIPE_180_DEG_BENDS = 0 +"Number of 180 degree bends in first wall coolant channels." + + class FirstWall(Model): def __init__(self): self.outfile = constants.NOUT diff --git a/tests/unit/models/blankets/test_blanket_library.py b/tests/unit/models/blankets/test_blanket_library.py index acfdf502f0..cb75ec58ac 100644 --- a/tests/unit/models/blankets/test_blanket_library.py +++ b/tests/unit/models/blankets/test_blanket_library.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Any, NamedTuple +from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, NamedTuple import numpy as np import pytest @@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ from process.models.blankets.blanket_library import InboardBlanket from process.models.engineering.pumping import CoolantType +if TYPE_CHECKING: + from process.models.engineering.pumping import CoolantFrictionLossParameters + @pytest.fixture def blanket_library(process_models): @@ -29,9 +32,9 @@ class PrimaryCoolantPropertiesParam(NamedTuple): den_fw_coolant: Any = None - cp_fw: Any = None + heatcap_pres_fw_coolant_average: Any = None - cv_fw: Any = None + heatcap_vol_fw_coolant_average: Any = None i_blkt_coolant_type: Any = None @@ -47,9 +50,9 @@ class PrimaryCoolantPropertiesParam(NamedTuple): visc_blkt_coolant: Any = None - cp_bl: Any = None + heatcap_pres_blkt_coolant_average: Any = None - cv_bl: Any = None + heatcap_vol_blkt_coolant_average: Any = None visc_fw_coolant: Any = None @@ -81,8 +84,8 @@ class PrimaryCoolantPropertiesParam(NamedTuple): temp_fw_coolant_out=773, pres_fw_coolant=8000000, den_fw_coolant=0, - cp_fw=0, - cv_fw=0, + heatcap_pres_fw_coolant_average=0, + heatcap_vol_fw_coolant_average=0, i_blkt_coolant_type=CoolantType.HELIUM, temp_blkt_coolant_in=573, temp_blkt_coolant_out=773, @@ -90,8 +93,8 @@ class PrimaryCoolantPropertiesParam(NamedTuple): den_blkt_coolant=0, i_blkt_dual_coolant=2, visc_blkt_coolant=0, - cp_bl=0, - cv_bl=0, + heatcap_pres_blkt_coolant_average=0, + heatcap_vol_blkt_coolant_average=0, visc_fw_coolant=0, i_fw_blkt_shared_coolant=0, expected_den_fw_coolant=5.6389735407435868, @@ -109,8 +112,8 @@ class PrimaryCoolantPropertiesParam(NamedTuple): temp_fw_coolant_out=773, pres_fw_coolant=8000000, den_fw_coolant=5.6389735407435868, - cp_fw=5188.5588430173211, - cv_fw=3123.5687263525392, + heatcap_pres_fw_coolant_average=5188.5588430173211, + heatcap_vol_fw_coolant_average=3123.5687263525392, i_blkt_coolant_type=CoolantType.HELIUM, temp_blkt_coolant_in=573, temp_blkt_coolant_out=773, @@ -118,8 +121,8 @@ class PrimaryCoolantPropertiesParam(NamedTuple): den_blkt_coolant=5.6389735407435868, i_blkt_dual_coolant=2, visc_blkt_coolant=3.5036293160410249e-05, - cp_bl=5188.5588430173211, - cv_bl=3123.5687263525392, + heatcap_pres_blkt_coolant_average=5188.5588430173211, + heatcap_vol_blkt_coolant_average=3123.5687263525392, visc_fw_coolant=3.5036293160410249e-05, i_fw_blkt_shared_coolant=0, expected_den_fw_coolant=5.6389735407435868, @@ -179,11 +182,15 @@ def test_primary_coolant_properties( ) monkeypatch.setattr( - blanket_library.data.fwbs, "cp_fw", primarycoolantpropertiesparam.cp_fw + blanket_library.data.fwbs, + "heatcap_pres_fw_coolant_average", + primarycoolantpropertiesparam.heatcap_pres_fw_coolant_average, ) monkeypatch.setattr( - blanket_library.data.fwbs, "cv_fw", primarycoolantpropertiesparam.cv_fw + blanket_library.data.fwbs, + "heatcap_vol_fw_coolant_average", + primarycoolantpropertiesparam.heatcap_vol_fw_coolant_average, ) monkeypatch.setattr( @@ -229,11 +236,15 @@ def test_primary_coolant_properties( ) monkeypatch.setattr( - blanket_library.data.fwbs, "cp_bl", primarycoolantpropertiesparam.cp_bl + blanket_library.data.fwbs, + "heatcap_pres_blkt_coolant_average", + primarycoolantpropertiesparam.heatcap_pres_blkt_coolant_average, ) monkeypatch.setattr( - blanket_library.data.fwbs, "cv_bl", primarycoolantpropertiesparam.cv_bl + blanket_library.data.fwbs, + "heatcap_vol_blkt_coolant_average", + primarycoolantpropertiesparam.heatcap_vol_blkt_coolant_average, ) monkeypatch.setattr( @@ -254,11 +265,11 @@ def test_primary_coolant_properties( primarycoolantpropertiesparam.expected_den_fw_coolant, rel=1e-4 ) - assert blanket_library.data.fwbs.cp_fw == pytest.approx( + assert blanket_library.data.fwbs.heatcap_pres_fw_coolant_average == pytest.approx( primarycoolantpropertiesparam.expected_cp_fw, rel=1e-4 ) - assert blanket_library.data.fwbs.cv_fw == pytest.approx( + assert blanket_library.data.fwbs.heatcap_vol_fw_coolant_average == pytest.approx( primarycoolantpropertiesparam.expected_cv_fw, rel=1e-4 ) @@ -270,11 +281,11 @@ def test_primary_coolant_properties( primarycoolantpropertiesparam.expected_visc_blkt_coolant, rel=1e-4 ) - assert blanket_library.data.fwbs.cp_bl == pytest.approx( + assert blanket_library.data.fwbs.heatcap_pres_blkt_coolant_average == pytest.approx( primarycoolantpropertiesparam.expected_cp_bl, rel=1e-4 ) - assert blanket_library.data.fwbs.cv_bl == pytest.approx( + assert blanket_library.data.fwbs.heatcap_vol_blkt_coolant_average == pytest.approx( primarycoolantpropertiesparam.expected_cv_bl, rel=1e-4 ) @@ -301,10 +312,8 @@ def test_deltap_tot_inboard_first_wall(monkeypatch, blanket_library): "label": "Inboard first wall", } - assert ( - pytest.approx(blanket_library.total_pressure_drop(False, **data)) - == 5884.982168510442 - ) + dpres_total, _ = blanket_library.total_pressure_drop(False, **data) + assert dpres_total == pytest.approx(5884.982168510442) def test_deltap_tot_outboard_blanket_breeder_liquid(monkeypatch, blanket_library): @@ -332,10 +341,8 @@ def test_deltap_tot_outboard_blanket_breeder_liquid(monkeypatch, blanket_library "label": "Outboard blanket breeder liquid", } - assert ( - pytest.approx(blanket_library.total_pressure_drop(False, **data)) - == 56.95922064419226 - ) + dpres_total, _ = blanket_library.total_pressure_drop(False, **data) + assert dpres_total == pytest.approx(56.95922064419226) def test_pumppower_primary_helium(monkeypatch, blanket_library): @@ -1018,111 +1025,106 @@ def test_liquid_breeder_properties( ) -class PressureDropParam(NamedTuple): - radius_fw_channel: Any = None +class CoolantFrictionLossParam(NamedTuple): + radius_channel: Any = None radius_pipe_90_deg_bend: Any = None radius_pipe_180_deg_bend: Any = None a_bz_liq: Any = None b_bz_liq: Any = None - roughness_fw_channel: Any = None - ip: Any = None + roughness_channel: Any = None i_ps: Any = None - num_90: Any = None - num_180: Any = None - l_pipe: Any = None - den: Any = None - vsc: Any = None - vv: Any = None + n_pipe_90_deg_bends: Any = None + n_pipe_180_deg_bends: Any = None + len_pipe: Any = None + den_coolant: Any = None + visc_coolant: Any = None + vel_coolant: Any = None label: Any = None expected_pressure_drop_out: Any = None @pytest.mark.parametrize( - "pressuredropparam", + "coolantfrictionlossparam", [ - PressureDropParam( - radius_fw_channel=0.0060000000000000001, + CoolantFrictionLossParam( + radius_channel=0.0060000000000000001, radius_pipe_90_deg_bend=0.018, radius_pipe_180_deg_bend=0.09, a_bz_liq=0.20000000000000001, b_bz_liq=0.20000000000000001, - roughness_fw_channel=9.9999999999999995e-07, - ip=0, + roughness_channel=9.9999999999999995e-07, i_ps=1, - num_90=2, - num_180=0, - l_pipe=4, - den=10.405276820718059, - vsc=3.604452999475736e-05, - vv=32.753134225223164, + n_pipe_90_deg_bends=2, + n_pipe_180_deg_bends=0, + len_pipe=4, + den_coolant=10.405276820718059, + visc_coolant=3.604452999475736e-05, + vel_coolant=32.753134225223164, label="Inboard first wall", expected_pressure_drop_out=36213.58989742931, ), - PressureDropParam( - radius_fw_channel=1.0, + CoolantFrictionLossParam( + radius_channel=1.0, radius_pipe_90_deg_bend=1.0, radius_pipe_180_deg_bend=1.0, a_bz_liq=1.0, b_bz_liq=1.0, - roughness_fw_channel=1e-6, - ip=0, + roughness_channel=1e-6, i_ps=2, - num_90=1.0, - num_180=1.0, - l_pipe=1.0, - den=1.0, - vsc=1.0, - vv=1.0, + n_pipe_90_deg_bends=1.0, + n_pipe_180_deg_bends=1.0, + len_pipe=1.0, + den_coolant=1.0, + visc_coolant=1.0, + vel_coolant=1.0, label="label", expected_pressure_drop_out=1.4325633520224854, ), ], ) -def test_pressure_drop(pressuredropparam, monkeypatch, blanket_library): +def test_coolant_friction_loss(coolantfrictionlossparam, monkeypatch, blanket_library): """ - Automatically generated Regression Unit Test for pressure_drop. + Automatically generated Regression Unit Test for coolant_friction_loss. This test was generated using data from blanket_files/large_tokamak_primary_pumping2.IN.DAT. - :param pressuredropparam: the data used to mock and assert in this test. - :type pressuredropparam: pressuredropparam + Parameters + ---------- + coolantfrictionlossparam : CoolantFrictionLossParam + the data used to mock and assert in this test. + monkeypatch : _pytest.monkeypatch.monkeypatch + pytest fixture used to mock module/class variables + blanket_library : BlanketLibrary + the blanket library instance used in this test. - :param monkeypatch: pytest fixture used to mock module/class variables - :type monkeypatch: _pytest.monkeypatch.monkeypatch """ + monkeypatch.setattr( - blanket_library.data.fwbs, - "radius_fw_channel", - pressuredropparam.radius_fw_channel, - ) - monkeypatch.setattr( - blanket_library.data.fwbs, "a_bz_liq", pressuredropparam.a_bz_liq - ) - monkeypatch.setattr( - blanket_library.data.fwbs, "b_bz_liq", pressuredropparam.b_bz_liq + blanket_library.data.fwbs, "a_bz_liq", coolantfrictionlossparam.a_bz_liq ) monkeypatch.setattr( - blanket_library.data.fwbs, - "roughness_fw_channel", - pressuredropparam.roughness_fw_channel, + blanket_library.data.fwbs, "b_bz_liq", coolantfrictionlossparam.b_bz_liq ) - pressure_drop_out = blanket_library.coolant_friction_pressure_drop( - i_ps=pressuredropparam.i_ps, - radius_pipe_90_deg_bend=pressuredropparam.radius_pipe_90_deg_bend, - radius_pipe_180_deg_bend=pressuredropparam.radius_pipe_180_deg_bend, - n_pipe_90_deg_bends=pressuredropparam.num_90, - n_pipe_180_deg_bends=pressuredropparam.num_180, - len_pipe=pressuredropparam.l_pipe, - den_coolant=pressuredropparam.den, - visc_coolant=pressuredropparam.vsc, - vel_coolant=pressuredropparam.vv, - label=pressuredropparam.label, + pressure_params: CoolantFrictionLossParameters = ( + blanket_library.coolant_friction_pressure_drop( + i_ps=coolantfrictionlossparam.i_ps, + radius_pipe_90_deg_bend=(coolantfrictionlossparam.radius_pipe_90_deg_bend), + radius_pipe_180_deg_bend=(coolantfrictionlossparam.radius_pipe_180_deg_bend), + n_pipe_90_deg_bends=coolantfrictionlossparam.n_pipe_90_deg_bends, + n_pipe_180_deg_bends=coolantfrictionlossparam.n_pipe_180_deg_bends, + len_pipe=coolantfrictionlossparam.len_pipe, + den_coolant=coolantfrictionlossparam.den_coolant, + visc_coolant=coolantfrictionlossparam.visc_coolant, + vel_coolant=coolantfrictionlossparam.vel_coolant, + roughness_channel=coolantfrictionlossparam.roughness_channel, + radius_channel=coolantfrictionlossparam.radius_channel, + ) ) - assert pressure_drop_out == pytest.approx( - pressuredropparam.expected_pressure_drop_out + assert pressure_params.dpres_total == pytest.approx( + coolantfrictionlossparam.expected_pressure_drop_out ) @@ -1606,27 +1608,6 @@ def test_hydraulic_diameter(monkeypatch, blanket_library): assert blanket_library.pipe_hydraulic_diameter(2) == pytest.approx(1.0) -def test_elbow_coeff(blanket_library): - """ - Test for elbow_coeff function. - """ - # input = r_elbow, ang_elbow, lambda, dh - assert blanket_library.elbow_coeff(1, 0, 1, 1) == pytest.approx(0.0, rel=1e-3) - assert blanket_library.elbow_coeff(1, 90, 1, 1) == pytest.approx( - 1.7807963267948965, rel=1e-3 - ) - assert blanket_library.elbow_coeff(1, 180, 1, 1) == pytest.approx( - 3.291157766597427, rel=1e-3 - ) - assert blanket_library.elbow_coeff(1, 90, 1, 0.1) == pytest.approx( - 15.774371098812502, rel=1e-3 - ) - assert blanket_library.elbow_coeff(0.1, 90, 1, 1) == pytest.approx(66.57, rel=1e-3) - assert blanket_library.elbow_coeff(1, 90, 0.1, 1) == pytest.approx( - 0.3670796326794896, rel=1e-3 - ) - - def test_flow_velocity(monkeypatch, blanket_library): """ Test for flow_velocity function. diff --git a/tests/unit/models/engineering/test_pumping.py b/tests/unit/models/engineering/test_pumping.py index 6b1898bb1a..bc5fbee253 100644 --- a/tests/unit/models/engineering/test_pumping.py +++ b/tests/unit/models/engineering/test_pumping.py @@ -1,8 +1,10 @@ import pytest from process.models.engineering.pumping import ( + calculate_required_mass_flow_rate, calculate_reynolds_number, darcy_friction_haaland, + elbow_coeff, gnielinski_heat_transfer_coefficient, ) @@ -33,3 +35,44 @@ def test_calculate_reynolds_number(): radius_channel=0.0060000000000000001, visc_coolant=4.0416219836935569e-05, ) == pytest.approx(33302.602975971815) + + +def test_elbow_coeff(): + """ + Test for elbow_coeff function. + """ + # input = r_elbow, ang_elbow, lambda, dh + assert elbow_coeff(1, 0, 1, 1) == pytest.approx(0.0, rel=1e-3) + assert elbow_coeff(1, 90, 1, 1) == pytest.approx(1.7807963267948965, rel=1e-3) + assert elbow_coeff(1, 180, 1, 1) == pytest.approx(3.291157766597427, rel=1e-3) + assert elbow_coeff(1, 90, 1, 0.1) == pytest.approx(15.774371098812502, rel=1e-3) + assert elbow_coeff(0.1, 90, 1, 1) == pytest.approx(66.57, rel=1e-3) + assert elbow_coeff(1, 90, 0.1, 1) == pytest.approx(0.3670796326794896, rel=1e-3) + + +def test_calculate_required_mass_flow_rate(): + assert calculate_required_mass_flow_rate( + p_heat_total=1000.0, + heatcap_coolant=100.0, + temp_in_coolant=300.0, + temp_out_coolant=310.0, + ) == pytest.approx(1.0) + + +def test_calculate_required_mass_flow_rate_with_realistic_values(): + assert calculate_required_mass_flow_rate( + p_heat_total=50000.0, + heatcap_coolant=4180.0, + temp_in_coolant=293.15, + temp_out_coolant=313.15, + ) == pytest.approx(0.5980861244019139) + + +def test_calculate_required_mass_flow_rate_zero_temperature_rise(): + with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError): + calculate_required_mass_flow_rate( + p_heat_total=1000.0, + heatcap_coolant=4180.0, + temp_in_coolant=300.0, + temp_out_coolant=300.0, + )