diff --git a/.changeset/perf-css-bucketable-selectors.md b/.changeset/perf-css-bucketable-selectors.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2b1ac139a08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/perf-css-bucketable-selectors.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@primer/react': patch
+---
+
+Improve style-recalc performance by making ButtonGroup, DataTable Pagination, and Checkbox CSS selectors bucketable (removing universal `*`/`:not([attr])` subjects and `:is()` selector-list merges)
diff --git a/packages/react/src/ButtonGroup/ButtonGroup.module.css b/packages/react/src/ButtonGroup/ButtonGroup.module.css
index cb942aef85c..9c681a324c0 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/ButtonGroup/ButtonGroup.module.css
+++ b/packages/react/src/ButtonGroup/ButtonGroup.module.css
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   vertical-align: middle;
   isolation: isolate;
 
-  & > *:not([data-loading-wrapper]) {
+  & > .Item {
     /* stylelint-disable-next-line primer/spacing */
     margin-inline-end: -1px;
     position: relative;
diff --git a/packages/react/src/ButtonGroup/ButtonGroup.tsx b/packages/react/src/ButtonGroup/ButtonGroup.tsx
index 1bf04bb3278..7fa12fad872 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/ButtonGroup/ButtonGroup.tsx
+++ b/packages/react/src/ButtonGroup/ButtonGroup.tsx
@@ -16,7 +16,11 @@ const ButtonGroup = React.forwardRef(function ButtonGroup(
   {as: BaseComponent = 'div', children, className, role, ...rest},
   forwardRef,
 ) {
-  const buttons = React.Children.map(children, (child, index) => <div key={index}>{child}</div>)
+  const buttons = React.Children.map(children, (child, index) => (
+    <div key={index} className={classes.Item}>
+      {child}
+    </div>
+  ))
   const buttonRef = useProvidedRefOrCreate(forwardRef as React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement | null>)
 
   useFocusZone({
diff --git a/packages/react/src/Checkbox/Checkbox.module.css b/packages/react/src/Checkbox/Checkbox.module.css
index 2be4bc11d95..26e48109d40 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/Checkbox/Checkbox.module.css
+++ b/packages/react/src/Checkbox/Checkbox.module.css
@@ -30,21 +30,6 @@
     /* stylelint-disable-next-line primer/colors */
     border-color: var(--control-checked-bgColor-rest);
 
-    &::before {
-      animation: checkmarkIn 80ms cubic-bezier(0.65, 0, 0.35, 1) forwards 80ms;
-    }
-
-    &:disabled {
-      background-color: var(--control-checked-bgColor-disabled);
-      border-color: var(--control-checked-borderColor-disabled);
-      opacity: 1;
-
-      &::before {
-        /* stylelint-disable-next-line primer/colors */
-        background-color: var(--control-checked-fgColor-disabled);
-      }
-    }
-
     /* Windows High Contrast mode */
     @media (forced-colors: active) {
       background-color: canvastext;
@@ -52,6 +37,24 @@
     }
   }
 
+  &:checked::before,
+  &:indeterminate::before {
+    animation: checkmarkIn 80ms cubic-bezier(0.65, 0, 0.35, 1) forwards 80ms;
+  }
+
+  &:checked:disabled,
+  &:indeterminate:disabled {
+    background-color: var(--control-checked-bgColor-disabled);
+    border-color: var(--control-checked-borderColor-disabled);
+    opacity: 1;
+  }
+
+  &:checked:disabled::before,
+  &:indeterminate:disabled::before {
+    /* stylelint-disable-next-line primer/colors */
+    background-color: var(--control-checked-fgColor-disabled);
+  }
+
   &:disabled {
     cursor: not-allowed;
   }
diff --git a/packages/react/src/DataTable/Pagination.module.css b/packages/react/src/DataTable/Pagination.module.css
index e56f7f787b2..e2f54ecaabb 100644
--- a/packages/react/src/DataTable/Pagination.module.css
+++ b/packages/react/src/DataTable/Pagination.module.css
@@ -13,43 +13,46 @@
 }
 
 @media ((max-width: calc(768px - 0.02px))) {
-  .TablePaginationSteps[data-hidden-viewport-ranges*='narrow'] > *:not(:first-child):not(:last-child) {
+  /* stylelint-disable-next-line selector-max-specificity -- li type subject keeps the selector bucketable for style-recalc perf (github/github-ui#23654) */
+  .TablePaginationSteps[data-hidden-viewport-ranges*='narrow'] > li:not(:first-child):not(:last-child) {
     display: none;
   }
 
-  .TablePaginationSteps[data-hidden-viewport-ranges*='narrow'] > *:first-child {
+  .TablePaginationSteps[data-hidden-viewport-ranges*='narrow'] > li:first-child {
     margin-inline-end: 0;
   }
 
-  .TablePaginationSteps[data-hidden-viewport-ranges*='narrow'] > *:last-child {
+  .TablePaginationSteps[data-hidden-viewport-ranges*='narrow'] > li:last-child {
     margin-inline-start: 0;
   }
 }
 
 @media ((min-width: 768px)) {
-  .TablePaginationSteps[data-hidden-viewport-ranges*='regular'] > *:not(:first-child):not(:last-child) {
+  /* stylelint-disable-next-line selector-max-specificity -- li type subject keeps the selector bucketable for style-recalc perf (github/github-ui#23654) */
+  .TablePaginationSteps[data-hidden-viewport-ranges*='regular'] > li:not(:first-child):not(:last-child) {
     display: none;
   }
 
-  .TablePaginationSteps[data-hidden-viewport-ranges*='regular'] > *:first-child {
+  .TablePaginationSteps[data-hidden-viewport-ranges*='regular'] > li:first-child {
     margin-inline-end: 0;
   }
 
-  .TablePaginationSteps[data-hidden-viewport-ranges*='regular'] > *:last-child {
+  .TablePaginationSteps[data-hidden-viewport-ranges*='regular'] > li:last-child {
     margin-inline-start: 0;
   }
 }
 
 @media ((min-width: 1400px)) {
-  .TablePaginationSteps[data-hidden-viewport-ranges*='wide'] > *:not(:first-child):not(:last-child) {
+  /* stylelint-disable-next-line selector-max-specificity -- li type subject keeps the selector bucketable for style-recalc perf (github/github-ui#23654) */
+  .TablePaginationSteps[data-hidden-viewport-ranges*='wide'] > li:not(:first-child):not(:last-child) {
     display: none;
   }
 
-  .TablePaginationSteps[data-hidden-viewport-ranges*='wide'] > *:first-child {
+  .TablePaginationSteps[data-hidden-viewport-ranges*='wide'] > li:first-child {
     margin-inline-end: 0;
   }
 
-  .TablePaginationSteps[data-hidden-viewport-ranges*='wide'] > *:last-child {
+  .TablePaginationSteps[data-hidden-viewport-ranges*='wide'] > li:last-child {
     margin-inline-start: 0;
   }
 }