diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index a4b17ef3fc..462236afa6 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -65,6 +65,10 @@ Increment the:
   in the value as-is rather than dropping the attribute.
   [#1536](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp/issues/1536)
 
+* [BUG] Fix `MultiSpanProcessor` and `MultiLogRecordProcessor` not reporting
+  failures from `ForceFlush` and `Shutdown` when a child processor failed.
+  [#4472](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp/pull/4472)
+
 * [BUG] Report one outcome per request when a curl session is cancelled after
   the response arrives
   ([#4363](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp/pull/4363))
diff --git a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/multi_span_processor.h b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/multi_span_processor.h
index 7b0172dc8e..6d7e6ffbc4 100644
--- a/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/multi_span_processor.h
+++ b/sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/multi_span_processor.h
@@ -119,7 +119,10 @@ class MultiSpanProcessor : public SpanProcessor
     while (node != nullptr)
     {
       auto processor = node->value_.get();
-      result |= processor->ForceFlush(timeout);
+      if (!processor->ForceFlush(timeout))
+      {
+        result = false;
+      }
       node = node->next_;
     }
     return result;
@@ -146,7 +149,10 @@ class MultiSpanProcessor : public SpanProcessor
     while (node != nullptr)
     {
       auto processor = node->value_.get();
-      result |= processor->Shutdown(timeout);
+      if (!processor->Shutdown(timeout))
+      {
+        result = false;
+      }
       node = node->next_;
     }
     return result;
diff --git a/sdk/src/logs/multi_log_record_processor.cc b/sdk/src/logs/multi_log_record_processor.cc
index 8ebb004213..e74d8b3bb5 100644
--- a/sdk/src/logs/multi_log_record_processor.cc
+++ b/sdk/src/logs/multi_log_record_processor.cc
@@ -185,7 +185,10 @@ bool MultiLogRecordProcessor::InternalShutdown(std::chrono::microseconds timeout
   }
   for (auto &processor : processors_)
   {
-    result |= processor->Shutdown(timeout);
+    if (!processor->Shutdown(timeout))
+    {
+      result = false;
+    }
     start_time = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
     if (expire_time > start_time)
     {
diff --git a/sdk/test/logs/BUILD b/sdk/test/logs/BUILD
index 8e2198c318..1528ede976 100644
--- a/sdk/test/logs/BUILD
+++ b/sdk/test/logs/BUILD
@@ -66,6 +66,21 @@ cc_test(
     ],
 )
 
+cc_test(
+    name = "multi_log_record_processor_test",
+    srcs = [
+        "multi_log_record_processor_test.cc",
+    ],
+    tags = [
+        "logs",
+        "test",
+    ],
+    deps = [
+        "//sdk/src/logs",
+        "@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
+    ],
+)
+
 cc_test(
     name = "log_record_test",
     srcs = [
diff --git a/sdk/test/logs/CMakeLists.txt b/sdk/test/logs/CMakeLists.txt
index 1fcbc3bb27..2bdf37d120 100644
--- a/sdk/test/logs/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/sdk/test/logs/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ foreach(
   log_record_test
   log_record_limits_test
   simple_log_record_processor_test
+  multi_log_record_processor_test
   batch_log_record_processor_test
   logger_config_test)
   add_executable(${testname} "${testname}.cc")
diff --git a/sdk/test/logs/multi_log_record_processor_test.cc b/sdk/test/logs/multi_log_record_processor_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9b930bb213
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sdk/test/logs/multi_log_record_processor_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "opentelemetry/common/attribute_value.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/common/timestamp.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/context/context.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/logs/severity.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/string_view.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/nostd/variant.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/instrumentationscope/instrumentation_scope.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/logs/multi_log_record_processor.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/logs/processor.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/logs/recordable.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/trace/span_context.h"
+
+using namespace opentelemetry::sdk::logs;
+namespace context               = opentelemetry::context;
+namespace logs_api              = opentelemetry::logs;
+namespace instrumentation_scope = opentelemetry::sdk::instrumentationscope;
+namespace nostd                 = opentelemetry::nostd;
+
+namespace
+{
+
+class TestLogRecordable final : public Recordable
+{
+public:
+  void SetTimestamp(opentelemetry::common::SystemTimestamp) noexcept override {}
+
+  void SetObservedTimestamp(opentelemetry::common::SystemTimestamp) noexcept override {}
+
+  void SetSeverity(logs_api::Severity) noexcept override {}
+
+  void SetBody(const opentelemetry::common::AttributeValue &) noexcept override {}
+
+  void SetEventId(int64_t, nostd::string_view) noexcept override {}
+
+  void SetTraceId(const opentelemetry::trace::TraceId &) noexcept override {}
+
+  void SetSpanId(const opentelemetry::trace::SpanId &) noexcept override {}
+
+  void SetTraceFlags(const opentelemetry::trace::TraceFlags &) noexcept override {}
+
+  void SetAttribute(nostd::string_view,
+                    const opentelemetry::common::AttributeValue &) noexcept override
+  {}
+
+  void SetResource(const opentelemetry::sdk::resource::Resource &) noexcept override {}
+
+  void SetInstrumentationScope(
+      const instrumentation_scope::InstrumentationScope &) noexcept override
+  {}
+};
+
+struct EnabledCallState
+{
+  context::Context context;
+  std::string scope_name;
+  logs_api::Severity severity = logs_api::Severity::kInvalid;
+  std::string event_name;
+  size_t call_count = 0;
+};
+
+class EnabledProcessor final : public LogRecordProcessor
+{
+public:
+  explicit EnabledProcessor(bool enabled,
+                            std::shared_ptr<EnabledCallState> call_state = nullptr) noexcept
+      : enabled_(enabled), call_state_(std::move(call_state))
+  {}
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Recordable> MakeRecordable() noexcept override
+  {
+    return std::unique_ptr<Recordable>(new TestLogRecordable());
+  }
+
+  void OnEmit(std::unique_ptr<Recordable> &&record) noexcept override
+  {
+    auto ignored = std::move(record);
+    static_cast<void>(ignored);
+  }
+
+  bool ForceFlush(std::chrono::microseconds /* timeout */) noexcept override { return true; }
+
+  bool Shutdown(std::chrono::microseconds /* timeout */) noexcept override { return true; }
+
+protected:
+  bool EnabledImplementation(
+      const nostd::variant<opentelemetry::trace::SpanContext, context::Context> &context_or_span,
+      const instrumentation_scope::InstrumentationScope &scope,
+      logs_api::Severity severity,
+      nostd::string_view event_name) const noexcept override
+  {
+    if (call_state_ != nullptr)
+    {
+      if (const context::Context *ctx = nostd::get_if<context::Context>(&context_or_span))
+      {
+        call_state_->context = *ctx;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        call_state_->context = context::Context{};
+      }
+      call_state_->scope_name = scope.GetName();
+      call_state_->severity   = severity;
+      call_state_->event_name = std::string(event_name);
+      ++call_state_->call_count;
+    }
+    return enabled_;
+  }
+
+private:
+  bool enabled_;
+  std::shared_ptr<EnabledCallState> call_state_;
+};
+
+TEST(MultiLogRecordProcessorTest, EnabledWhenAnyChildEnabled)
+{
+  auto first_state  = std::make_shared<EnabledCallState>();
+  auto second_state = std::make_shared<EnabledCallState>();
+
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<LogRecordProcessor>> processors;
+  processors.emplace_back(new EnabledProcessor(false, first_state));
+  processors.emplace_back(new EnabledProcessor(true, second_state));
+  MultiLogRecordProcessor processor(std::move(processors));
+
+  context::Context test_context{"test-key", true};
+  auto scope = instrumentation_scope::InstrumentationScope::Create("test-scope");
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(
+      processor.Enabled(test_context, *scope, logs_api::Severity::kError, "test-event-name"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(first_state->call_count, 1U);
+  EXPECT_EQ(second_state->call_count, 1U);
+  EXPECT_EQ(second_state->event_name, "test-event-name");
+}
+
+TEST(MultiLogRecordProcessorTest, DisabledWhenAllChildrenDisabled)
+{
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<LogRecordProcessor>> processors;
+  processors.emplace_back(new EnabledProcessor(false));
+  processors.emplace_back(new EnabledProcessor(false));
+  MultiLogRecordProcessor processor(std::move(processors));
+
+  context::Context test_context{"test-key", true};
+  auto scope = instrumentation_scope::InstrumentationScope::Create("test-scope");
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      processor.Enabled(test_context, *scope, logs_api::Severity::kError, "test-event-name"));
+}
+
+TEST(MultiLogRecordProcessorTest, EmptyProcessorIsDisabled)
+{
+  MultiLogRecordProcessor processor(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<LogRecordProcessor>>{});
+
+  context::Context test_context{"test-key", true};
+  auto scope = instrumentation_scope::InstrumentationScope::Create("test-scope");
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(
+      processor.Enabled(test_context, *scope, logs_api::Severity::kDebug, "test-event-name"));
+}
+
+// A processor whose ForceFlush/Shutdown outcome is fixed at construction.
+class FixedResultProcessor final : public LogRecordProcessor
+{
+public:
+  explicit FixedResultProcessor(bool result) : result_(result) {}
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Recordable> MakeRecordable() noexcept override
+  {
+    return std::unique_ptr<Recordable>(new TestLogRecordable());
+  }
+
+  void OnEmit(std::unique_ptr<Recordable> &&record) noexcept override
+  {
+    auto ignored = std::move(record);
+    static_cast<void>(ignored);
+  }
+
+  bool ForceFlush(std::chrono::microseconds /* timeout */) noexcept override { return result_; }
+
+  bool Shutdown(std::chrono::microseconds /* timeout */) noexcept override { return result_; }
+
+private:
+  bool result_;
+};
+
+std::unique_ptr<LogRecordProcessor> MakeMultiProcessor(bool first, bool second)
+{
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<LogRecordProcessor>> processors;
+  processors.emplace_back(new FixedResultProcessor(first));
+  processors.emplace_back(new FixedResultProcessor(second));
+  return std::unique_ptr<LogRecordProcessor>(new MultiLogRecordProcessor(std::move(processors)));
+}
+
+TEST(MultiLogRecordProcessorTest, ForceFlushFailsWhenAnyChildFails)
+{
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MakeMultiProcessor(true, true)->ForceFlush());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MakeMultiProcessor(true, false)->ForceFlush());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MakeMultiProcessor(false, true)->ForceFlush());
+}
+
+TEST(MultiLogRecordProcessorTest, ShutdownFailsWhenAnyChildFails)
+{
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MakeMultiProcessor(true, true)->Shutdown());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MakeMultiProcessor(true, false)->Shutdown());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MakeMultiProcessor(false, true)->Shutdown());
+}
+
+}  // namespace
diff --git a/sdk/test/logs/simple_log_record_processor_test.cc b/sdk/test/logs/simple_log_record_processor_test.cc
index 33d3066e84..b0cb8b9e2b 100644
--- a/sdk/test/logs/simple_log_record_processor_test.cc
+++ b/sdk/test/logs/simple_log_record_processor_test.cc
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/common/exporter_utils.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/instrumentationscope/instrumentation_scope.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/logs/exporter.h"
-#include "opentelemetry/sdk/logs/multi_log_record_processor.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/logs/processor.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/logs/recordable.h"
 #include "opentelemetry/sdk/logs/simple_log_record_processor.h"
@@ -354,49 +353,4 @@ TEST(SimpleLogRecordProcessorTest, EnabledForwardsArgumentsToImplementation)
   EXPECT_EQ(call_state->call_count, 1U);
 }
 
-TEST(SimpleLogRecordProcessorTest, MultiLogRecordProcessorEnabledWhenAnyChildEnabled)
-{
-  auto first_state  = std::make_shared<EnabledCallState>();
-  auto second_state = std::make_shared<EnabledCallState>();
-
-  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<LogRecordProcessor>> processors;
-  processors.emplace_back(new EnabledProcessor(false, first_state));
-  processors.emplace_back(new EnabledProcessor(true, second_state));
-  MultiLogRecordProcessor processor(std::move(processors));
-
-  context::Context test_context{"test-key", true};
-  auto scope = instrumentation_scope::InstrumentationScope::Create("test-scope");
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(
-      processor.Enabled(test_context, *scope, logs_api::Severity::kError, "test-event-name"));
-  EXPECT_EQ(first_state->call_count, 1U);
-  EXPECT_EQ(second_state->call_count, 1U);
-  EXPECT_EQ(second_state->event_name, "test-event-name");
-}
-
-TEST(SimpleLogRecordProcessorTest, MultiLogRecordProcessorDisabledWhenAllChildrenDisabled)
-{
-  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<LogRecordProcessor>> processors;
-  processors.emplace_back(new EnabledProcessor(false));
-  processors.emplace_back(new EnabledProcessor(false));
-  MultiLogRecordProcessor processor(std::move(processors));
-
-  context::Context test_context{"test-key", true};
-  auto scope = instrumentation_scope::InstrumentationScope::Create("test-scope");
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(
-      processor.Enabled(test_context, *scope, logs_api::Severity::kError, "test-event-name"));
-}
-
-TEST(SimpleLogRecordProcessorTest, EmptyMultiLogRecordProcessorIsDisabled)
-{
-  MultiLogRecordProcessor processor(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<LogRecordProcessor>>{});
-
-  context::Context test_context{"test-key", true};
-  auto scope = instrumentation_scope::InstrumentationScope::Create("test-scope");
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(
-      processor.Enabled(test_context, *scope, logs_api::Severity::kDebug, "test-event-name"));
-}
-
 }  // namespace
diff --git a/sdk/test/trace/BUILD b/sdk/test/trace/BUILD
index ecf46663fe..b9b77af6f3 100644
--- a/sdk/test/trace/BUILD
+++ b/sdk/test/trace/BUILD
@@ -68,6 +68,21 @@ cc_test(
     ],
 )
 
+cc_test(
+    name = "multi_span_processor_test",
+    srcs = [
+        "multi_span_processor_test.cc",
+    ],
+    tags = [
+        "test",
+        "trace",
+    ],
+    deps = [
+        "//sdk/src/trace",
+        "@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
+    ],
+)
+
 cc_test(
     name = "batch_span_processor_test",
     srcs = [
diff --git a/sdk/test/trace/CMakeLists.txt b/sdk/test/trace/CMakeLists.txt
index 0b84555faa..12635cd6a9 100644
--- a/sdk/test/trace/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/sdk/test/trace/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ foreach(
   tracer_provider_test
   span_data_test
   simple_processor_test
+  multi_span_processor_test
   tracer_test
   always_off_sampler_test
   always_on_sampler_test
diff --git a/sdk/test/trace/multi_span_processor_test.cc b/sdk/test/trace/multi_span_processor_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c382c0d9b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sdk/test/trace/multi_span_processor_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/multi_span_processor.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/processor.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/recordable.h"
+#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/span_data.h"
+
+using namespace opentelemetry::sdk::trace;
+using opentelemetry::trace::SpanContext;
+
+namespace
+{
+
+// A processor whose ForceFlush/Shutdown outcome is fixed at construction.
+class FixedResultProcessor final : public SpanProcessor
+{
+public:
+  explicit FixedResultProcessor(bool result) : result_(result) {}
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Recordable> MakeRecordable() noexcept override
+  {
+    return std::unique_ptr<Recordable>(new SpanData());
+  }
+
+  void OnStart(Recordable & /* span */, const SpanContext & /* parent_context */) noexcept override
+  {}
+
+  void OnEnd(std::unique_ptr<Recordable> &&span) noexcept override
+  {
+    auto ignored = std::move(span);
+    static_cast<void>(ignored);
+  }
+
+  bool ForceFlush(std::chrono::microseconds /* timeout */) noexcept override { return result_; }
+
+  bool Shutdown(std::chrono::microseconds /* timeout */) noexcept override { return result_; }
+
+private:
+  bool result_;
+};
+
+std::unique_ptr<SpanProcessor> MakeMultiProcessor(bool first, bool second)
+{
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SpanProcessor>> processors;
+  processors.emplace_back(new FixedResultProcessor(first));
+  processors.emplace_back(new FixedResultProcessor(second));
+  return std::unique_ptr<SpanProcessor>(new MultiSpanProcessor(std::move(processors)));
+}
+
+TEST(MultiSpanProcessorTest, ForceFlushFailsWhenAnyChildFails)
+{
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MakeMultiProcessor(true, true)->ForceFlush());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MakeMultiProcessor(true, false)->ForceFlush());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MakeMultiProcessor(false, true)->ForceFlush());
+}
+
+TEST(MultiSpanProcessorTest, ShutdownFailsWhenAnyChildFails)
+{
+  EXPECT_TRUE(MakeMultiProcessor(true, true)->Shutdown());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MakeMultiProcessor(true, false)->Shutdown());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(MakeMultiProcessor(false, true)->Shutdown());
+}
+
+}  // namespace