diff --git a/init.lua b/init.lua
index aff5250e921..9f0c796986e 100644
--- a/init.lua
+++ b/init.lua
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ do
   vim.g.maplocalleader = ' '
 
   -- Set to true if you have a Nerd Font installed and selected in the terminal
-  vim.g.have_nerd_font = false
+  vim.g.have_nerd_font = true
 
   -- [[ Setting options ]]
   --  See `:help vim.o`
@@ -371,6 +371,7 @@ do
     spec = {
       { '<leader>s', group = '[S]earch', mode = { 'n', 'v' } },
       { '<leader>t', group = '[T]oggle' },
+      { '<leader>l', group = '[L]aTeX' }, -- VimTeX maps (see lua/custom/plugins/vimtex.lua)
       { '<leader>h', group = 'Git [H]unk', mode = { 'n', 'v' } }, -- Enable gitsigns recommended keymaps first
       { 'gr', group = 'LSP Actions', mode = { 'n' } },
     },
@@ -705,6 +706,38 @@ do
 
     stylua = {}, -- Used to format Lua code
 
+    -- Java: jdtls is installed via Mason (it's a key here so mason-tool-installer
+    -- picks it up), but its LSP config and `vim.lsp.enable` are owned by nvim-java
+    -- (see lua/custom/plugins/nvim-java.lua). We therefore SKIP jdtls in the
+    -- config/enable loop below so nvim-java's jdtls bootstrap is the one that wins
+    -- and there is no competing vanilla jdtls setup.
+    jdtls = {},
+
+    -- ty: Astral's Python type checker. Not yet shipped by nvim-lspconfig, so we
+    -- define the whole config here (ported from the old `lspconfig.configs.ty`
+    -- approach to the new `vim.lsp.config` API). Installed separately via uv, so
+    -- it is excluded from Mason below.
+    ty = {
+      cmd = { 'ty', 'server' },
+      filetypes = { 'python' },
+      root_markers = { 'pyproject.toml', 'ty.toml', '.git' },
+    },
+
+    -- ruff: Python linter/formatter LSP. nvim-lspconfig ships the base `ruff`
+    -- config (cmd, etc.); this only overlays init_options. Installed separately
+    -- via uv, so it is excluded from Mason below.
+    ruff = {
+      init_options = {
+        settings = {
+          fixAll = true,
+        },
+      },
+    },
+
+    -- texlab: LaTeX language server (completion/refs/diagnostics). VimTeX does not
+    -- provide this. Installed via Mason.
+    texlab = {},
+
     -- Special Lua Config, as recommended by neovim help docs
     lua_ls = {
       on_init = function(client)
@@ -758,6 +791,9 @@ do
   --
   -- You can press `g?` for help in this menu.
   local ensure_installed = vim.tbl_keys(servers or {})
+  -- ty and ruff are installed separately via uv (~/.local/bin), so exclude them
+  -- from Mason auto-install.
+  ensure_installed = vim.tbl_filter(function(name) return name ~= 'ty' and name ~= 'ruff' end, ensure_installed)
   vim.list_extend(ensure_installed, {
     -- You can add other tools here that you want Mason to install
   })
@@ -765,8 +801,13 @@ do
   require('mason-tool-installer').setup { ensure_installed = ensure_installed }
 
   for name, server in pairs(servers) do
-    vim.lsp.config(name, server)
-    vim.lsp.enable(name)
+    -- jdtls is configured and enabled by nvim-java (lua/custom/plugins/nvim-java.lua),
+    -- which must run `require('java').setup()` before `vim.lsp.enable('jdtls')`.
+    -- Skip it here to avoid a second, competing jdtls setup.
+    if name ~= 'jdtls' then
+      vim.lsp.config(name, server)
+      vim.lsp.enable(name)
+    end
   end
 end
 
@@ -796,12 +837,20 @@ do
     },
     -- You can also specify external formatters in here.
     formatters_by_ft = {
-      -- rust = { 'rustfmt' },
-      -- Conform can also run multiple formatters sequentially
-      -- python = { "isort", "black" },
-      --
+      lua = { 'stylua' },
+      -- ruff handles BOTH import-sorting and formatting (black/isort are not
+      -- installed; ruff is). Organize imports first, then format.
+      python = { 'ruff_organize_imports', 'ruff_format' },
       -- You can use 'stop_after_first' to run the first available formatter from the list
-      -- javascript = { "prettierd", "prettier", stop_after_first = true },
+      javascript = { 'prettierd', 'prettier', stop_after_first = true },
+      -- conform matches the lowercase `vim.bo.filetype`, so the key must be `sql`
+      -- (an uppercase `SQL` key would never fire). The formatter id is
+      -- `sql_formatter` (conform's name); it wraps the `sql-formatter` executable.
+      sql = { 'sql_formatter' },
+      -- Wire in installed-but-previously-unused Mason tools:
+      java = { 'google-java-format' },
+      tex = { 'latexindent' },
+      plaintex = { 'latexindent' },
     },
   }
 
@@ -904,7 +953,7 @@ do
   vim.pack.add { { src = gh 'nvim-treesitter/nvim-treesitter', version = 'main' } }
 
   -- Ensure basic parsers are installed
-  local parsers = { 'bash', 'c', 'diff', 'html', 'lua', 'luadoc', 'markdown', 'markdown_inline', 'query', 'vim', 'vimdoc' }
+  local parsers = { 'bash', 'c', 'diff', 'html', 'latex', 'lua', 'luadoc', 'markdown', 'markdown_inline', 'query', 'vim', 'vimdoc' }
   require('nvim-treesitter').install(parsers)
 
   ---@param buf integer
@@ -966,17 +1015,17 @@ do
   --  Here are some example plugins that I've included in the Kickstart repository.
   --  Uncomment any of the lines below to enable them (you will need to restart nvim).
   --
-  -- require 'kickstart.plugins.debug'
-  -- require 'kickstart.plugins.indent_line'
-  -- require 'kickstart.plugins.lint'
-  -- require 'kickstart.plugins.autopairs'
-  -- require 'kickstart.plugins.neo-tree'
-  -- require 'kickstart.plugins.gitsigns' -- adds gitsigns recommended keymaps
+  require 'kickstart.plugins.debug'
+  require 'kickstart.plugins.indent_line'
+  require 'kickstart.plugins.lint'
+  require 'kickstart.plugins.autopairs'
+  require 'kickstart.plugins.neo-tree'
+  require 'kickstart.plugins.gitsigns' -- adds gitsigns recommended keymaps
 
   -- NOTE: You can add your own plugins, configuration, etc from `lua/custom/plugins/*.lua`
   --
   --  Uncomment the following line and add your plugins to `lua/custom/plugins/*.lua` to get going.
-  -- require 'custom.plugins'
+  require 'custom.plugins'
 end
 
 -- The line beneath this is called `modeline`. See `:help modeline`
diff --git a/lua/custom/plugins/nvim-java.lua b/lua/custom/plugins/nvim-java.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..452a1a39eec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lua/custom/plugins/nvim-java.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+-- nvim-java: full Java IDE layer on top of jdtls (tests, DAP, refactors, Spring Boot).
+-- https://github.com/nvim-java/nvim-java
+--
+-- This file is loaded by the custom-plugins loader (lua/custom/plugins/init.lua),
+-- which runs in Section 10 of init.lua -- AFTER the LSP section (Section 6). The LSP
+-- section deliberately SKIPS jdtls in its `vim.lsp.config`/`vim.lsp.enable` loop, so
+-- this is the single place jdtls is configured and enabled. That guarantees the
+-- required order (`require('java').setup()` before `vim.lsp.enable('jdtls')`) and
+-- avoids a second, competing vanilla jdtls setup.
+--
+-- Requirements (nvim-java README, vim.pack install): Neovim 0.11.5+. jdtls,
+-- java-debug-adapter and java-test are provided via Mason -- jdtls from the LSP
+-- section's mason-tool-installer, java-debug-adapter + java-test from
+-- lua/kickstart/plugins/debug.lua (mason-nvim-dap). nvim-dap and nui.nvim are also
+-- pulled in by debug.lua / neo-tree.lua respectively; re-listing them here is
+-- idempotent and keeps this spec self-contained per the README.
+vim.pack.add {
+  { src = 'https://github.com/JavaHello/spring-boot.nvim', version = '218c0c26c14d99feca778e4d13f5ec3e8b1b60f0' },
+  'https://github.com/MunifTanjim/nui.nvim',
+  'https://github.com/mfussenegger/nvim-dap',
+  'https://github.com/nvim-java/nvim-java',
+}
+
+-- Must run BEFORE jdtls is enabled: it patches the jdtls config so the language
+-- server is launched with the java-test / java-debug-adapter bundles.
+require('java').setup()
+
+-- Enable jdtls using the config nvim-java just registered (the new Neovim 0.11+ API).
+vim.lsp.enable 'jdtls'
diff --git a/lua/custom/plugins/vimtex.lua b/lua/custom/plugins/vimtex.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5ad52dada66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lua/custom/plugins/vimtex.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-- VimTeX: LaTeX support (compile, view, errors)
+-- https://github.com/lervag/vimtex
+--
+-- Ported from the user's lazy.nvim spec (lazy = false) to this base's `vim.pack`
+-- imperative style. VimTeX reads its `vim.g.vimtex_*` settings when it is sourced,
+-- so we set them BEFORE `vim.pack.add` loads the plugin (the equivalent of the old
+-- lazy `init` hook).
+
+-- Viewer settings (adjust based on your PDF viewer)
+vim.g.vimtex_view_method = 'zathura' -- Use 'skim' on macOS, 'sumatra' on Windows, etc.
+
+-- Compiler settings
+vim.g.vimtex_compiler_method = 'latexmk' -- Default compiler backend
+
+-- Optional: Disable some features if you don't need them
+vim.g.vimtex_quickfix_enabled = 1 -- Enable quickfix window for errors
+vim.g.vimtex_syntax_enabled = 1 -- Syntax highlighting (works with Tree-sitter too)
+
+-- Set TeX flavor (usually not needed, but good to know)
+vim.g.tex_flavor = 'latex'
+
+vim.pack.add { 'https://github.com/lervag/vimtex' }
+
+-- LaTeX keymaps (which-key group label is defined in init.lua: `<leader>l` = [L]aTeX)
+vim.keymap.set('n', '<leader>ll', '<cmd>VimtexCompile<CR>', { desc = 'Compile LaTeX' })
+vim.keymap.set('n', '<leader>lv', '<cmd>VimtexView<CR>', { desc = 'View PDF' })
+vim.keymap.set('n', '<leader>le', '<cmd>VimtexErrors<CR>', { desc = 'Show Errors' })
diff --git a/lua/kickstart/plugins/debug.lua b/lua/kickstart/plugins/debug.lua
index db5448c2cfc..b7fd7bf0480 100644
--- a/lua/kickstart/plugins/debug.lua
+++ b/lua/kickstart/plugins/debug.lua
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ require('mason-nvim-dap').setup {
   ensure_installed = {
     -- Update this to ensure that you have the debuggers for the langs you want
     'delve',
+    'java-debug-adapter',
+    'java-test',
   },
 }
 
diff --git a/lua/kickstart/plugins/lint.lua b/lua/kickstart/plugins/lint.lua
index d63054452fd..d757185fefc 100644
--- a/lua/kickstart/plugins/lint.lua
+++ b/lua/kickstart/plugins/lint.lua
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ vim.pack.add { 'https://github.com/mfussenegger/nvim-lint' }
 
 local lint = require 'lint'
 lint.linters_by_ft = {
-  markdown = { 'markdownlint' }, -- Make sure to install `markdownlint` via mason / npm
+  -- Only enable markdownlint if it is actually installed (it is not installed here),
+  -- otherwise nvim-lint errors on every markdown buffer.
+  markdown = vim.fn.executable 'markdownlint' == 1 and { 'markdownlint' } or {},
 }
 
 -- To allow other plugins to add linters to require('lint').linters_by_ft,