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+---
+source_sha: e370d4e9ed3bb1f46d4111acfc8084cd2aa8a3c647c5c5a3d1c13b5627850c5d
+translated: machine
+---
+
+# abs() 函数的复杂度
+
+`abs()` 函数返回数字的绝对值。
+
+## 复杂度分析
+
+| 实例 | 时间 | 空间 | 备注 |
+|------|------|-------|-------|
+| 整数 | O(1) | O(1) | 简单的符号判断 |
+| 浮点数 | O(1) | O(1) | IEEE 754 符号位操作 |
+| 复数 | O(1) | O(1) | 返回复数的模：sqrt(real² + imag²) |
+| 自定义类 | O(k) | O(m) | 取决于 `__abs__()` 的实现 |
+
+## 基本用法
+
+### 绝对值
+
+```python
+# O(1) - simple arithmetic
+abs(-5)        # 5
+abs(5)         # 5
+abs(0)         # 0
+abs(-3.14)     # 3.14
+abs(3.14)      # 3.14
+```
+
+### 复数
+
+```python
+# O(1) - magnitude calculation
+abs(3 + 4j)    # 5.0 (sqrt(3^2 + 4^2))
+abs(-3 + 4j)   # 5.0
+abs(0j)        # 0.0
+```
+
+## 自定义 __abs__ 方法
+
+```python
+# O(k) where k = __abs__ time
+class Distance:
+    def __init__(self, value):
+        self.value = value
+    
+    def __abs__(self):
+        # O(1) - simple operation
+        return abs(self.value)
+
+d = Distance(-10)
+result = abs(d)  # 10
+```
+
+## 性能典范
+
+### 条件绝对值
+
+```python
+# O(1) - all constant time
+numbers = [-5, 3, -2, 8, -1]
+absolute = [abs(x) for x in numbers]  # O(n) - n simple O(1) operations
+
+# Same with any numeric type
+floats = [-1.5, 2.5, -3.5]
+absolute = [abs(x) for x in floats]  # O(n)
+```
+
+### 距离计算
+
+```python
+# O(1) - simple absolute value
+def manhattan_distance(x1, y1, x2, y2):
+    return abs(x1 - x2) + abs(y1 - y2)
+
+# Usage
+dist = manhattan_distance(0, 0, 3, 4)  # 7
+
+# O(n) - for n points
+points = [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)]
+distances = [abs(p[0]) + abs(p[1]) for p in points]  # O(n)
+```
+
+## 对比替代方案
+
+### abs() vs 手动检查
+
+```python
+# abs() - O(1), clear, idiomatic
+x = -5
+result = abs(x)  # 5
+
+# Manual - O(1), but unnecessary
+result = x if x >= 0 else -x  # 5
+
+# abs() is preferred for clarity
+```
+
+### abs() vs max()
+
+```python
+# Both O(1) for single value
+abs(-5)      # 5
+max(-5, 5)   # 5
+
+# abs() is more direct for absolute value
+# max() is for finding maximum of multiple items
+```
+
+## 使用场景
+
+### 计算偏差
+
+```python
+# O(n) - find deviation from target
+target = 100
+values = [95, 102, 98, 105, 99]
+deviations = [abs(v - target) for v in values]
+# [5, 2, 2, 5, 1]
+
+# Find maximum deviation
+max_deviation = max(abs(v - target) for v in values)  # 5
+```
+
+### 去除符号
+
+```python
+# O(n) - strip negative signs
+numbers = [-1, -2, -3, 4, 5]
+unsigned = [abs(x) for x in numbers]
+# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+```
+
+### 比较大小
+
+```python
+# O(1) - compare absolute values
+a = -5
+b = 3
+
+if abs(a) > abs(b):
+    print("a has larger magnitude")
+```
+
+## 边界情况
+
+### 零
+
+```python
+# O(1)
+abs(0)      # 0
+abs(-0)     # 0
+abs(0.0)    # 0.0
+abs(-0.0)   # 0.0
+```
+
+### 极值
+
+```python
+# O(1) - handles large numbers
+abs(-10**100)  # Very large positive
+abs(-sys.maxsize)  # Minimum integer
+```
+
+### 强类型
+
+```python
+# O(1) - works with numeric types
+abs(-5)          # int
+abs(-5.0)        # float
+abs(-5j)         # complex (returns float)
+
+# Not with strings
+try:
+    abs("-5")  # TypeError
+except TypeError:
+    pass
+```
+
+## 性能说明
+
+```python
+# abs() is extremely fast - built-in C function
+import timeit
+
+# Timing shows abs() is optimized
+t = timeit.timeit(lambda: abs(-5), number=10**7)
+# Much faster than manual if/else due to C implementation
+```
+
+## 最佳实践
+
+✅ **应该**：
+
+- 使用 `abs()` 获取绝对值
+- 在列表推导式中用于批量操作
+- 用于距离/大小计算
+- 用于偏差分析
+
+❌ **避免**：
+
+- 手动 if/else 检查（可读性差）
+- 在 `abs()` 更清晰时使用 `max()`
+- 假设类型兼容性
+
+## 相关函数
+
+- **[max()](max.md)** - 查找最大值
+- **[min()](min.md)** - 查找最小值
+- **[pow()](pow.md)** - 幂函数
+- **[math.fabs()](../stdlib/math.md)** - 浮点绝对值
+
+## 版本说明
+
+- **Python 2.x**：基本功能可用
+- **Python 3.x**：行为相同
+- **Python 3.8+**：性能稳定
diff --git a/docs/zh/builtins/memoryview_func.md b/docs/zh/builtins/memoryview_func.md
index ed03f90..a69f549 100644
--- a/docs/zh/builtins/memoryview_func.md
+++ b/docs/zh/builtins/memoryview_func.md
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ view = memoryview(data)  # O(1) - instant
 # send_data(view)  # Efficient
 ```
 
-## 性能模式
+## 性能典范
 
 ### 对比拷贝
 
diff --git a/docs/zh/builtins/sorted.md b/docs/zh/builtins/sorted.md
index 926d142..25d049e 100644
--- a/docs/zh/builtins/sorted.md
+++ b/docs/zh/builtins/sorted.md
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ numbers = [1000 - i for i in range(1000)]  # Reverse sorted
 result = sorted(numbers)  # O(n log n) - handles well
 ```
 
-## 性能模式
+## 性能典范
 
 ### sorted() 与 sort() 的对比