diff --git a/.github/scripts/macos_payment_checkout_smoke.sh b/.github/scripts/macos_payment_smoke.sh
similarity index 59%
rename from .github/scripts/macos_payment_checkout_smoke.sh
rename to .github/scripts/macos_payment_smoke.sh
index 2d78afff21..0c22a63e0e 100644
--- a/.github/scripts/macos_payment_checkout_smoke.sh
+++ b/.github/scripts/macos_payment_smoke.sh
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -euo pipefail
 
-TEST_PATH="${TEST_PATH:-integration_test/payment/desktop_stripe_checkout_smoke_test.dart}"
-ARTIFACT_DIR="${ARTIFACT_DIR:-smoke-artifacts/macos-payment-checkout}"
+TEST_PATH="${TEST_PATH:-integration_test/payment/desktop_payment_smoke_test.dart}"
+ARTIFACT_DIR="${ARTIFACT_DIR:-smoke-artifacts/macos-payment-smoke}"
 LANTERN_DATA_DIR="/Users/Shared/Lantern"
 LANTERN_LOG_DIR="$LANTERN_DATA_DIR/Logs"
 SCREENSHOT_PATH="$ARTIFACT_DIR/stripe-checkout.png"
@@ -17,20 +17,29 @@ cleanup() {
   exit "$status"
 }
 
+# This script deletes the shared Lantern data directory.
+if [[ -z "${CI:-}" ]]; then
+  echo "Refusing to run outside CI: this wipes $LANTERN_DATA_DIR" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
 trap cleanup EXIT
 
 pkill -x Lantern 2>/dev/null || true
 rm -rf "$LANTERN_DATA_DIR"
+mkdir -p "$LANTERN_DATA_DIR"
 mkdir -p "$LANTERN_LOG_DIR"
 mkdir -p "$ARTIFACT_DIR"
 
+# The debug test build reads this marker before initializing Radiance.
+touch "$LANTERN_DATA_DIR/.radiance_env"
+
 flutter test \
   "$TEST_PATH" \
   -d macos \
   --reporter=expanded \
   --dart-define=DISABLE_SYSTEM_TRAY=true \
-  --dart-define=PAYMENT_SMOKE_SCREENSHOT_PATH="$SCREENSHOT_PATH" \
-  --dart-define=RADIANCE_ENV=staging
+  --dart-define=PAYMENT_SMOKE_ARTIFACT_DIR="$ARTIFACT_DIR"
 
 if [[ ! -s "$SCREENSHOT_PATH" ]]; then
   echo "Stripe Checkout screenshot was not created" >&2
diff --git a/.github/scripts/windows_smoke_suite.ps1 b/.github/scripts/windows_smoke_suite.ps1
index dde63c9bca..6729612092 100644
--- a/.github/scripts/windows_smoke_suite.ps1
+++ b/.github/scripts/windows_smoke_suite.ps1
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ param(
   [string]$ServiceExe = "build/windows/x64/runner/Release/lanternd.exe",
   [string]$InstallerPath = "",
   [string]$TestPath = "integration_test/vpn/windows_connect_smoke_test.dart",
-  [string]$PaymentCheckoutTestPath = "integration_test/payment/desktop_stripe_checkout_smoke_test.dart",
+  [string]$PaymentSmokeTestPath = "integration_test/payment/desktop_payment_smoke_test.dart",
   [string]$SplitTunnelWebsiteTestPath = "integration_test/vpn/split_tunneling_website_smoke_test.dart",
   [string]$ConfigUrlApiTestPath = "integration_test/vpn/windows_config_url_api_smoke_test.dart",
   [string]$ConfigUrlUiTestPath = "integration_test/vpn/windows_config_url_smoke_test.dart",
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ param(
   [switch]$ForceFullTunnel,
   [switch]$RunSplitTunnelWebsiteSmoke,
   [switch]$RunConfigUrlSmoke,
-  [switch]$RunPaymentCheckoutSmoke,
+  [switch]$RunPaymentSmoke,
+  [string]$PaymentSmokeArtifactDirectory = "build/windows-payment-smoke",
   [switch]$UseInstaller
 )
 
@@ -136,11 +137,12 @@ function Invoke-FlutterSmokeTest {
     [string]$Description,
     [ValidateSet("prod", "staging")]
     [string]$RadianceEnvironment = "prod",
+    [string[]]$DartDefines = @(),
     [switch]$EnableIpCheck,
     [switch]$ForceFullTunnel
   )
 
-  $args = @(
+  $flutterArgs = @(
     "test",
     $Path,
     "-d",
@@ -149,18 +151,22 @@ function Invoke-FlutterSmokeTest {
     "--dart-define=DISABLE_SYSTEM_TRAY=true"
   )
 
-  $args += "--dart-define=RADIANCE_ENV=$RadianceEnvironment"
+  $flutterArgs += "--dart-define=RADIANCE_ENV=$RadianceEnvironment"
+
+  foreach ($define in $DartDefines) {
+    $flutterArgs += "--dart-define=$define"
+  }
 
   if ($EnableIpCheck) {
-    $args += "--dart-define=ENABLE_IP_CHECK=true"
+    $flutterArgs += "--dart-define=ENABLE_IP_CHECK=true"
   }
 
   if ($ForceFullTunnel) {
-    $args += "--dart-define=SMOKE_FORCE_FULL_TUNNEL=true"
+    $flutterArgs += "--dart-define=SMOKE_FORCE_FULL_TUNNEL=true"
   }
 
-  Write-Step ("Running {0}: flutter {1}" -f $Description, ($args -join " "))
-  & flutter @args
+  Write-Step ("Running {0}: flutter {1}" -f $Description, ($flutterArgs -join " "))
+  & flutter @flutterArgs
   if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
     throw "$Description failed with exit code $LASTEXITCODE"
   }
@@ -330,13 +336,21 @@ try {
     Write-Step "Skipping Windows connect smoke test."
   }
 
-  if ($RunPaymentCheckoutSmoke) {
+  if ($RunPaymentSmoke) {
+    if ($ServiceEnvironment -ne "staging") {
+      throw "Payment smoke requires -ServiceEnvironment staging (got '$ServiceEnvironment')"
+    }
+    $paymentDefines = @(
+      "PAYMENT_E2E_ENABLED=true",
+      "PAYMENT_SMOKE_ARTIFACT_DIR=$PaymentSmokeArtifactDirectory"
+    )
     Invoke-FlutterSmokeTest `
-      -Path $PaymentCheckoutTestPath `
-      -Description "Windows Stripe checkout smoke test" `
-      -RadianceEnvironment $ServiceEnvironment
+      -Path $PaymentSmokeTestPath `
+      -Description "Windows payment smoke test" `
+      -RadianceEnvironment $ServiceEnvironment `
+      -DartDefines $paymentDefines
   } else {
-    Write-Step "Skipping Windows Stripe checkout smoke test."
+    Write-Step "Skipping Windows payment smoke test."
   }
 
   if ($RunSplitTunnelWebsiteSmoke) {
@@ -384,6 +398,18 @@ try {
   }
 }
 finally {
+  if ($RunPaymentSmoke) {
+    try {
+      $paymentLogDirectory = Join-Path $PaymentSmokeArtifactDirectory "logs"
+      New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $paymentLogDirectory | Out-Null
+      $lanternLogDirectory = "C:\Users\Public\Lantern\logs"
+      if (Test-Path $lanternLogDirectory) {
+        Copy-Item "$lanternLogDirectory\*" $paymentLogDirectory -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+      }
+    } catch {
+      Write-Warning ("Failed to collect payment smoke logs: {0}" -f $_)
+    }
+  }
   try {
     Write-Step "Starting cleanup"
     if ($UseInstaller) {
diff --git a/.github/workflows/app-smoke-tests.yml b/.github/workflows/app-smoke-tests.yml
index d973e9b802..c2dd4f1ae2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/app-smoke-tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/app-smoke-tests.yml
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ on:
         type: choice
         options:
           - vpn-smoke # connect/disconnect smoke only (validates the public IP changes) — the fast confidence check
+          - payment-smoke # Stripe Checkout rendering and payment-to-Pro conversion
           - all # every suite the platform supports
         default: vpn-smoke
       linux_arch:
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
   # retries; `all` builds the full aggregator on the script's two-device
   # matrix (physical Pixel 8 + Arm virtual) with retries for flaky tests.
   android:
-    if: ${{ contains(fromJSON('["all", "android", ""]'), inputs.platforms) }}
+    if: ${{ contains(fromJSON('["all", "android", ""]'), inputs.platforms) && (inputs.tests || 'all') != 'payment-smoke' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/firebase-test-lab.yml
     secrets: inherit
     with:
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ jobs:
   # to the optional suites: vpn-smoke leaves them off, `all` turns them on.
   linux:
     needs: prepare
-    if: ${{ contains(fromJSON('["all", "linux", ""]'), inputs.platforms) }}
+    if: ${{ contains(fromJSON('["all", "linux", ""]'), inputs.platforms) && (inputs.tests || 'all') != 'payment-smoke' }}
     uses: ./.github/workflows/build-linux.yml
     secrets: inherit
     with:
@@ -131,8 +132,8 @@ jobs:
       build_type: nightly
       installer_base_name: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.installer_base_name }}
       runner_label: lantern-macos-smoke
-      run_connect_smoke: true
-      run_payment_checkout_smoke: ${{ (inputs.tests || 'all') == 'all' }}
+      run_connect_smoke: ${{ (inputs.tests || 'all') != 'payment-smoke' }}
+      run_payment_smoke: ${{ contains(fromJSON('["all", "payment-smoke"]'), inputs.tests || 'all') }}
 
   windows:
     needs: prepare
@@ -145,6 +146,7 @@ jobs:
       installer_base_name: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.installer_base_name }}
       skip_signing: true
       force_full_tunnel_smoke: true
+      run_connect_smoke: ${{ (inputs.tests || 'all') != 'payment-smoke' }}
       run_auth_smoke: ${{ (inputs.tests || 'all') == 'all' }}
       run_split_tunnel_website_smoke: ${{ (inputs.tests || 'all') == 'all' }}
-      run_payment_checkout_smoke: ${{ (inputs.tests || 'all') == 'all' }}
+      run_payment_smoke: ${{ contains(fromJSON('["all", "payment-smoke"]'), inputs.tests || 'all') }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-macos.yml b/.github/workflows/build-macos.yml
index 730cb290ba..387d82487e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-macos.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-macos.yml
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ on:
         required: false
         type: boolean
         default: false
-      run_payment_checkout_smoke:
+      run_payment_smoke:
         description: "Verify staging Stripe Checkout in a Flutter integration test"
         required: false
         type: boolean
@@ -201,21 +201,21 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run macOS unit tests
         run: make macos-unit-tests
 
-      - name: macOS Stripe checkout smoke
-        if: ${{ inputs.run_payment_checkout_smoke }}
+      - name: macOS payment smoke
+        if: ${{ inputs.run_payment_smoke }}
         timeout-minutes: 15
         shell: bash
         env:
-          ARTIFACT_DIR: ${{ runner.temp }}/macos-payment-checkout-smoke
-        run: bash ./.github/scripts/macos_payment_checkout_smoke.sh
+          ARTIFACT_DIR: ${{ runner.temp }}/macos-payment-smoke
+        run: bash ./.github/scripts/macos_payment_smoke.sh
 
       - name: Upload macOS payment smoke diagnostics
-        if: ${{ always() && inputs.run_payment_checkout_smoke }}
+        if: ${{ always() && inputs.run_payment_smoke }}
         id: payment_smoke_diagnostics
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: macos-payment-checkout-smoke
-          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/macos-payment-checkout-smoke
+          name: macos-payment-smoke
+          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/macos-payment-smoke
           if-no-files-found: ignore
           retention-days: 2
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-windows.yml b/.github/workflows/build-windows.yml
index 2d0c1a01ba..23f386a78a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-windows.yml
@@ -34,6 +34,11 @@ on:
         required: false
         type: boolean
         default: true
+      run_payment_smoke:
+        description: "Verify staging checkout rendering and payment-to-Pro conversion"
+        required: false
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
       run_split_tunnel_website_smoke:
         description: "Run website split tunneling smoke test"
         required: false
@@ -54,11 +59,6 @@ on:
         required: false
         type: boolean
         default: false
-      run_payment_checkout_smoke:
-        description: "Verify staging Stripe Checkout in a Flutter integration test"
-        required: false
-        type: boolean
-        default: false
 
 jobs:
   build-windows:
@@ -206,8 +206,8 @@ jobs:
             Write-Warning "Release directory does not exist"
           }
 
-      - name: Windows Stripe checkout smoke
-        if: ${{ inputs.run_payment_checkout_smoke }}
+      - name: Windows payment smoke
+        if: ${{ inputs.run_payment_smoke }}
         shell: pwsh
         timeout-minutes: 15
         run: |
@@ -215,7 +215,16 @@ jobs:
             -ServiceExe "build/windows/x64/runner/Release/lanternd.exe" `
             -ServiceEnvironment staging `
             -RunConnectSmoke:$false `
-            -RunPaymentCheckoutSmoke
+            -RunPaymentSmoke
+
+      - name: Upload Windows payment smoke diagnostics
+        if: ${{ always() && inputs.run_payment_smoke }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: windows-payment-smoke
+          path: build/windows-payment-smoke
+          if-no-files-found: ignore
+          retention-days: 7
 
       - name: Sign embedded binaries
         if: ${{ !inputs.skip_signing }}
diff --git a/integration_test/payment/desktop_payment_smoke_test.dart b/integration_test/payment/desktop_payment_smoke_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..625b3d08b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_test/payment/desktop_payment_smoke_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+import 'dart:async';
+import 'dart:io';
+import 'dart:math' show max;
+import 'dart:typed_data';
+import 'dart:ui' as ui;
+
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:hooks_riverpod/hooks_riverpod.dart';
+import 'package:integration_test/integration_test.dart';
+import 'package:lantern/core/common/common.dart';
+import 'package:lantern/core/models/plan_data.dart' as plan_models;
+import 'package:lantern/core/widgets/app_webview.dart';
+import 'package:lantern/features/home/provider/home_notifier.dart';
+import 'package:lantern/features/plans/provider/plans_notifier.dart';
+import 'package:lantern/main.dart' as app;
+
+import '../utils/app_robot.dart';
+import '../utils/payment_robot.dart';
+
+const _stripeHost = 'checkout.stripe.com';
+const _e2eHost = 'api.staging.iantem.io';
+const _artifactDirectory = String.fromEnvironment('PAYMENT_SMOKE_ARTIFACT_DIR');
+const _screenshotRenderTimeout = Duration(seconds: 30);
+const _screenshotPollInterval = Duration(milliseconds: 250);
+const _minimumScreenshotContrast = 64;
+const _darkPixelLuminance = 192;
+
+void main() {
+  IntegrationTestWidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
+
+  testWidgets(
+    'staging checkout renders and converts to Pro',
+    (tester) async {
+      expect(
+        Platform.isWindows || Platform.isMacOS,
+        isTrue,
+        reason: 'Payment smoke tests run only on desktop',
+      );
+
+      final runningApp = await _launchApp(tester);
+      await _runStripeRenderSmoke(tester, runningApp);
+      if (Platform.isWindows) {
+        await _runPaymentConversionSmoke(tester, runningApp);
+      }
+    },
+    timeout: const Timeout(Duration(minutes: 8)),
+  );
+}
+
+Future<_RunningApp> _launchApp(WidgetTester tester) async {
+  await app.main();
+  final robot = AppRobot(tester);
+  await robot.waitForHomeReady();
+  final payment = PaymentRobot(tester, robot);
+  final plans = await payment.loadPlans();
+  expect(plans.plans, isNotEmpty, reason: 'Staging returned no plans');
+  return _RunningApp(payment: payment, plans: plans);
+}
+
+Future<void> _runStripeRenderSmoke(
+  WidgetTester tester,
+  _RunningApp runningApp,
+) async {
+  final stripe = runningApp.plans.providers.desktop.where(
+    (provider) => provider.providers.name == 'stripe',
+  );
+  expect(stripe, isNotEmpty, reason: 'Staging did not return Stripe');
+  expect(
+    stripe.first.providers.supportSubscription,
+    isTrue,
+    reason: 'Staging Stripe must support subscriptions',
+  );
+
+  runningApp.payment.selectBestValuePlan(runningApp.plans);
+  final checkout = _StripeCheckoutTracker();
+  await runningApp.payment.openPaymentMethods(
+    email: e2eEmail(),
+    authFlow: AuthFlow.renewSubscription,
+    checkoutObserver: checkout,
+  );
+  await runningApp.payment.startCheckout(provider: 'stripe');
+
+  await _waitFor(
+    tester,
+    () => checkout.finished,
+    timeout: const Duration(minutes: 3),
+    failure: () => checkout.failureMessage,
+  );
+
+  if (checkout.failure != null) {
+    fail('Stripe Checkout failed to load: ${checkout.failure}');
+  }
+  expect(find.byKey(const ValueKey('app-webview')), findsOneWidget);
+  expect(checkout.uri?.host, _stripeHost);
+  expect(checkout.documentLength, greaterThan(0));
+  expect(checkout.screenshot, isNotNull);
+  e2eLog(
+    'Stripe Checkout rendered from $_stripeHost '
+    '(${checkout.documentLength} document characters)',
+  );
+}
+
+Future<void> _runPaymentConversionSmoke(
+  WidgetTester tester,
+  _RunningApp runningApp,
+) async {
+  final runID = newE2ERunID();
+  final e2eProvider = plan_models.Android(
+    method: 'E2E Checkout',
+    providers: plan_models.Provider(
+      name: 'e2e',
+      icons: const [],
+      supportSubscription: false,
+    ),
+  );
+  plan_models.PlansData withE2EProvider(plan_models.PlansData plans) {
+    if (plans.providers.desktop.any(
+      (provider) => provider.providers.name == 'e2e',
+    )) {
+      return plans;
+    }
+    return plans.copyWith(
+      providers: plan_models.Providers(
+        android: plans.providers.android,
+        desktop: [e2eProvider, ...plans.providers.desktop],
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+
+  void ensureE2EProvider() {
+    final currentPlans = runningApp.container.read(plansProvider).value;
+    if (currentPlans == null) return;
+    final plansWithE2E = withE2EProvider(currentPlans);
+    if (identical(plansWithE2E, currentPlans)) return;
+    runningApp.container.read(plansProvider.notifier).updatePlans(plansWithE2E);
+  }
+
+  final e2eProviderSubscription = runningApp.container.listen(plansProvider, (
+    _,
+    next,
+  ) {
+    final plans = next.value;
+    if (plans == null ||
+        plans.providers.desktop.any(
+          (provider) => provider.providers.name == 'e2e',
+        )) {
+      return;
+    }
+    scheduleMicrotask(ensureE2EProvider);
+  });
+  addTearDown(e2eProviderSubscription.close);
+
+  final currentPlans = runningApp.container.read(plansProvider).value;
+  final plansWithE2E = withE2EProvider(currentPlans ?? runningApp.plans);
+  runningApp.container.read(plansProvider.notifier).updatePlans(plansWithE2E);
+  runningApp.payment.selectBestValuePlan(plansWithE2E);
+
+  final checkout = _PaymentConversionTracker();
+  await runningApp.payment.openPaymentMethods(
+    email: e2eEmail(runID),
+    authFlow: AuthFlow.renewSubscription,
+    checkoutObserver: checkout,
+  );
+  await runningApp.payment.startCheckout(provider: 'e2e');
+
+  await _waitFor(
+    tester,
+    () => checkout.completeClicked || checkout.failure != null,
+    timeout: const Duration(minutes: 2),
+    failure: () => checkout.failureMessage,
+  );
+  if (checkout.failure != null) {
+    fail('E2E checkout failed: ${checkout.failure}');
+  }
+
+  await _waitFor(
+    tester,
+    () =>
+        runningApp.container.read(homeProvider).value?.legacyUserData.isPro ==
+        true,
+    timeout: const Duration(minutes: 2),
+    failure: () => 'The staging account did not become Pro',
+  );
+  await _waitFor(
+    tester,
+    () => find.text('welcome_to_lantern_pro'.i18n).evaluate().isNotEmpty,
+    timeout: const Duration(seconds: 30),
+    failure: () => 'The Lantern Pro success dialog was not shown',
+  );
+
+  expect(checkout.uri?.host, _e2eHost);
+  expect(checkout.documentLength, greaterThan(0));
+  expect(checkout.screenshot, isNotNull);
+  expect(
+    runningApp.container.read(homeProvider).value?.legacyUserData.isPro,
+    isTrue,
+  );
+  e2eLog('Staging E2E checkout converted run $runID to Pro');
+}
+
+Future<Uint8List> _waitForRenderedScreenshot(
+  Future<Uint8List?> Function() captureScreenshot,
+) async {
+  final deadline = DateTime.now().add(_screenshotRenderTimeout);
+  Object? lastError;
+  while (DateTime.now().isBefore(deadline)) {
+    try {
+      final screenshot = await captureScreenshot().timeout(
+        const Duration(seconds: 5),
+      );
+      if (screenshot != null && await _hasVisibleContent(screenshot)) {
+        return screenshot;
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      lastError = error;
+    }
+    await Future<void>.delayed(_screenshotPollInterval);
+  }
+  final detail = lastError == null ? '' : ': $lastError';
+  throw TimeoutException(
+    'Checkout did not become visually ready$detail',
+    _screenshotRenderTimeout,
+  );
+}
+
+Future<void> _saveScreenshot(Uint8List screenshot, String name) async {
+  if (_artifactDirectory.isEmpty) return;
+  final file = File('$_artifactDirectory${Platform.pathSeparator}$name');
+  await file.parent.create(recursive: true);
+  await file.writeAsBytes(screenshot, flush: true);
+  e2eLog('Checkout screenshot saved to ${file.path}');
+}
+
+Future<bool> _hasVisibleContent(Uint8List screenshot) async {
+  if (screenshot.lengthInBytes <= 1024) return false;
+
+  final codec = await ui.instantiateImageCodec(screenshot);
+  try {
+    final frame = await codec.getNextFrame();
+    try {
+      if (frame.image.width <= 100 || frame.image.height <= 100) return false;
+      final data = await frame.image.toByteData(
+        format: ui.ImageByteFormat.rawRgba,
+      );
+      if (data == null) return false;
+
+      var darkest = 255;
+      var lightest = 0;
+      var darkPixels = 0;
+      final pixelCount = data.lengthInBytes ~/ 4;
+      final minimumDarkPixels = max(64, pixelCount ~/ 1000);
+      for (var offset = 0; offset < data.lengthInBytes; offset += 4) {
+        final red = data.getUint8(offset);
+        final green = data.getUint8(offset + 1);
+        final blue = data.getUint8(offset + 2);
+        final luminance = (299 * red + 587 * green + 114 * blue) ~/ 1000;
+        if (luminance < darkest) darkest = luminance;
+        if (luminance > lightest) lightest = luminance;
+        if (luminance <= _darkPixelLuminance) darkPixels++;
+        if (lightest - darkest >= _minimumScreenshotContrast &&
+            darkPixels >= minimumDarkPixels) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    } finally {
+      frame.image.dispose();
+    }
+  } finally {
+    codec.dispose();
+  }
+}
+
+Future<void> _waitFor(
+  WidgetTester tester,
+  bool Function() condition, {
+  required Duration timeout,
+  required String Function() failure,
+}) async {
+  final deadline = DateTime.now().add(timeout);
+  while (DateTime.now().isBefore(deadline)) {
+    await tester.pump(const Duration(milliseconds: 200));
+    if (condition()) return;
+  }
+  fail(failure());
+}
+
+bool _isJavaScriptTrue(Object? value) =>
+    value == true || value == 1 || value?.toString().toLowerCase() == 'true';
+
+class _RunningApp {
+  final PaymentRobot payment;
+  final plan_models.PlansData plans;
+
+  const _RunningApp({required this.payment, required this.plans});
+
+  ProviderContainer get container => payment.container;
+}
+
+/// Folds scoped WebView callbacks into a stateful Stripe checkout verdict.
+class _StripeCheckoutTracker implements AppWebViewObserver {
+  Uri? uri;
+  int documentLength = 0;
+  Uint8List? screenshot;
+  String? lastFailure;
+  String? failure;
+
+  bool get finished => uri?.host == _stripeHost || failure != null;
+
+  String get failureMessage => lastFailure == null
+      ? 'Stripe Checkout did not load a non-empty document'
+      : 'Stripe Checkout did not load: $lastFailure';
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> onPageLoaded(
+    Uri uri, {
+    required int documentLength,
+    required Future<Uint8List?> Function() captureScreenshot,
+    required Future<Object?> Function(String source) evaluateJavaScript,
+  }) async {
+    if (uri.host != _stripeHost) return;
+    try {
+      screenshot = await _waitForRenderedScreenshot(captureScreenshot);
+      await _saveScreenshot(screenshot!, 'stripe-checkout.png');
+    } catch (error) {
+      failure = 'Unable to capture WebView screenshot: $error';
+    }
+    this.uri = uri;
+    this.documentLength = documentLength;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void onPageLoadFailed(Uri? uri, String reason) {
+    lastFailure = '${uri?.host ?? 'unknown host'}: $reason';
+    if (uri?.host == _stripeHost) {
+      failure = reason;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/// Tracks the staging checkout state and completes it through the WebView.
+class _PaymentConversionTracker implements AppWebViewObserver {
+  static const _clickCompleteScript = r'''
+    (() => {
+      const candidates = Array.from(
+        document.querySelectorAll('button, input[type="button"], input[type="submit"], a')
+      );
+      const complete = candidates.find((element) => {
+        const label = (
+          element.innerText || element.value || element.textContent || ''
+        ).trim().toLowerCase();
+        return label === 'complete';
+      });
+      if (!complete) return false;
+      complete.click();
+      return true;
+    })()
+  ''';
+
+  Uri? uri;
+  int documentLength = 0;
+  Uint8List? screenshot;
+  bool completeClicked = false;
+  bool _completionInProgress = false;
+  String? failure;
+
+  String get failureMessage =>
+      failure ?? 'The staging E2E completion control was not available';
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> onPageLoaded(
+    Uri uri, {
+    required int documentLength,
+    required Future<Uint8List?> Function() captureScreenshot,
+    required Future<Object?> Function(String source) evaluateJavaScript,
+  }) async {
+    if (uri.host != _e2eHost || completeClicked || _completionInProgress) {
+      return;
+    }
+    _completionInProgress = true;
+    this.uri = uri;
+    this.documentLength = documentLength;
+
+    try {
+      screenshot = await _waitForRenderedScreenshot(captureScreenshot);
+      await _saveScreenshot(screenshot!, 'payment-conversion.png');
+
+      final deadline = DateTime.now().add(const Duration(seconds: 30));
+      while (DateTime.now().isBefore(deadline)) {
+        final result = await evaluateJavaScript(
+          _clickCompleteScript,
+        ).timeout(const Duration(seconds: 5));
+        if (_isJavaScriptTrue(result)) {
+          completeClicked = true;
+          return;
+        }
+        await Future<void>.delayed(_screenshotPollInterval);
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      failure = 'Unable to complete the staging checkout: $error';
+    } finally {
+      _completionInProgress = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @override
+  void onPageLoadFailed(Uri? uri, String reason) {
+    if (uri == null || uri.host == _e2eHost) {
+      failure = '${uri?.host ?? 'unknown host'}: $reason';
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/integration_test/payment/desktop_stripe_checkout_smoke_test.dart b/integration_test/payment/desktop_stripe_checkout_smoke_test.dart
deleted file mode 100644
index d8afaeaff3..0000000000
--- a/integration_test/payment/desktop_stripe_checkout_smoke_test.dart
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,265 +0,0 @@
-import 'dart:async';
-import 'dart:io';
-import 'dart:math';
-import 'dart:typed_data';
-import 'dart:ui' as ui;
-
-import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
-import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
-import 'package:hooks_riverpod/hooks_riverpod.dart';
-import 'package:integration_test/integration_test.dart';
-import 'package:lantern/core/common/common.dart';
-import 'package:lantern/core/widgets/app_webview.dart';
-import 'package:lantern/features/plans/provider/plans_notifier.dart';
-import 'package:lantern/lantern_app.dart';
-import 'package:lantern/main.dart' as app;
-
-const _stripeHost = 'checkout.stripe.com';
-const _screenshotPath = String.fromEnvironment('PAYMENT_SMOKE_SCREENSHOT_PATH');
-const _screenshotRenderTimeout = Duration(seconds: 30);
-const _screenshotPollInterval = Duration(milliseconds: 250);
-const _minimumScreenshotContrast = 64;
-const _darkPixelLuminance = 192;
-
-void main() {
-  IntegrationTestWidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
-
-  testWidgets(
-    'staging Stripe Checkout renders in the desktop WebView',
-    (tester) async {
-      expect(
-        Platform.isWindows || Platform.isMacOS,
-        isTrue,
-        reason: 'This smoke runs on Windows and macOS',
-      );
-
-      await app.main();
-      await _waitFor(
-        tester,
-        () => find.byType(LanternApp).evaluate().isNotEmpty,
-        timeout: const Duration(seconds: 30),
-        failure: () => 'Lantern did not render its Flutter UI',
-      );
-
-      final appElement = find.byType(LanternApp).evaluate().first;
-      final container = ProviderScope.containerOf(appElement, listen: false);
-      final plansSubscription = container.listen(plansProvider, (_, _) {});
-      addTearDown(plansSubscription.close);
-
-      final plans = await container
-          .read(plansProvider.future)
-          .timeout(const Duration(seconds: 60));
-      final stripe = plans.providers.desktop.where(
-        (provider) => provider.providers.name == 'stripe',
-      );
-      expect(stripe, isNotEmpty, reason: 'Staging did not return Stripe');
-      expect(
-        stripe.first.providers.supportSubscription,
-        isTrue,
-        reason: 'Staging Stripe must support subscriptions',
-      );
-      expect(plans.plans, isNotEmpty, reason: 'Staging returned no plans');
-
-      final selectedPlan = plans.plans.firstWhere(
-        (plan) => plan.bestValue,
-        orElse: () => plans.plans.first,
-      );
-      container.read(plansProvider.notifier).setSelectedPlan(selectedPlan);
-
-      final observer = _StripeCheckoutObserver();
-      await appRouter.replaceAll([
-        ChoosePaymentMethod(
-          email: 'e2e+${_newUuid()}@getlantern.org',
-          authFlow: AuthFlow.renewSubscription,
-          checkoutObserver: observer,
-        ),
-      ]);
-
-      final stripeProvider = find.byKey(const Key('payment.provider.stripe'));
-      await _waitFor(
-        tester,
-        () => stripeProvider.evaluate().isNotEmpty,
-        timeout: const Duration(seconds: 30),
-        failure: () => 'Stripe was not shown on the payment-method screen',
-      );
-
-      final checkoutButton = find.byKey(const Key('payment.checkout.stripe'));
-      if (checkoutButton.evaluate().isEmpty) {
-        await tester.tap(stripeProvider);
-        await tester.pump(const Duration(milliseconds: 300));
-      }
-      await _waitFor(
-        tester,
-        () => checkoutButton.evaluate().isNotEmpty,
-        timeout: const Duration(seconds: 10),
-        failure: () => 'Stripe checkout button was not available',
-      );
-
-      await tester.ensureVisible(checkoutButton);
-      await tester.tap(checkoutButton);
-
-      await _waitFor(
-        tester,
-        () => observer.finished,
-        timeout: const Duration(minutes: 3),
-        failure: () => observer.failureMessage,
-      );
-
-      if (observer.checkoutFailure != null) {
-        fail('Stripe Checkout failed to load: ${observer.checkoutFailure}');
-      }
-      expect(find.byKey(const ValueKey('app-webview')), findsOneWidget);
-      expect(observer.uri?.host, _stripeHost);
-      expect(observer.documentLength, greaterThan(0));
-      if (Platform.isMacOS) {
-        final screenshot = observer.screenshot;
-        if (screenshot == null) {
-          fail('The Stripe WebView did not return a screenshot');
-        }
-        if (_screenshotPath.isNotEmpty) {
-          final file = File(_screenshotPath);
-          await file.parent.create(recursive: true);
-          await file.writeAsBytes(screenshot, flush: true);
-          debugPrint('Stripe Checkout screenshot saved to ${file.path}');
-        }
-      }
-      debugPrint(
-        'Stripe Checkout rendered from $_stripeHost '
-        '(${observer.documentLength} document characters)',
-      );
-    },
-    timeout: const Timeout(Duration(minutes: 5)),
-  );
-}
-
-Future<Uint8List> _waitForRenderedScreenshot(
-  Future<Uint8List?> Function() captureScreenshot,
-) async {
-  final deadline = DateTime.now().add(_screenshotRenderTimeout);
-  Object? lastError;
-  while (DateTime.now().isBefore(deadline)) {
-    try {
-      final screenshot = await captureScreenshot().timeout(
-        const Duration(seconds: 5),
-      );
-      if (screenshot != null && await _hasVisibleContent(screenshot)) {
-        return screenshot;
-      }
-    } catch (error) {
-      lastError = error;
-    }
-    await Future<void>.delayed(_screenshotPollInterval);
-  }
-  final detail = lastError == null ? '' : ': $lastError';
-  throw TimeoutException(
-    'Stripe Checkout did not become visually ready$detail',
-    _screenshotRenderTimeout,
-  );
-}
-
-Future<bool> _hasVisibleContent(Uint8List screenshot) async {
-  if (screenshot.lengthInBytes <= 1024) return false;
-
-  final codec = await ui.instantiateImageCodec(screenshot);
-  try {
-    final frame = await codec.getNextFrame();
-    try {
-      if (frame.image.width <= 100 || frame.image.height <= 100) return false;
-      final data = await frame.image.toByteData(
-        format: ui.ImageByteFormat.rawRgba,
-      );
-      if (data == null) return false;
-
-      var darkest = 255;
-      var lightest = 0;
-      var darkPixels = 0;
-      final pixelCount = data.lengthInBytes ~/ 4;
-      final minimumDarkPixels = max(64, pixelCount ~/ 1000);
-      for (var offset = 0; offset < data.lengthInBytes; offset += 4) {
-        final red = data.getUint8(offset);
-        final green = data.getUint8(offset + 1);
-        final blue = data.getUint8(offset + 2);
-        final luminance = (299 * red + 587 * green + 114 * blue) ~/ 1000;
-        if (luminance < darkest) darkest = luminance;
-        if (luminance > lightest) lightest = luminance;
-        if (luminance <= _darkPixelLuminance) darkPixels++;
-        if (lightest - darkest >= _minimumScreenshotContrast &&
-            darkPixels >= minimumDarkPixels) {
-          return true;
-        }
-      }
-      return false;
-    } finally {
-      frame.image.dispose();
-    }
-  } finally {
-    codec.dispose();
-  }
-}
-
-Future<void> _waitFor(
-  WidgetTester tester,
-  bool Function() condition, {
-  required Duration timeout,
-  required String Function() failure,
-}) async {
-  final deadline = DateTime.now().add(timeout);
-  while (DateTime.now().isBefore(deadline)) {
-    await tester.pump(const Duration(milliseconds: 200));
-    if (condition()) return;
-  }
-  fail(failure());
-}
-
-String _newUuid() {
-  final random = Random.secure();
-  final bytes = List<int>.generate(16, (_) => random.nextInt(256));
-  bytes[6] = (bytes[6] & 0x0f) | 0x40;
-  bytes[8] = (bytes[8] & 0x3f) | 0x80;
-  final hex = bytes
-      .map((byte) => byte.toRadixString(16).padLeft(2, '0'))
-      .join();
-  return '${hex.substring(0, 8)}-${hex.substring(8, 12)}-'
-      '${hex.substring(12, 16)}-${hex.substring(16, 20)}-'
-      '${hex.substring(20)}';
-}
-
-class _StripeCheckoutObserver implements AppWebViewObserver {
-  Uri? uri;
-  int documentLength = 0;
-  Uint8List? screenshot;
-  String? lastFailure;
-  String? checkoutFailure;
-
-  bool get finished => uri?.host == _stripeHost || checkoutFailure != null;
-
-  String get failureMessage => lastFailure == null
-      ? 'Stripe Checkout did not load a non-empty document'
-      : 'Stripe Checkout did not load: $lastFailure';
-
-  @override
-  Future<void> onPageLoaded(
-    Uri uri, {
-    required int documentLength,
-    required Future<Uint8List?> Function() captureScreenshot,
-  }) async {
-    if (uri.host != _stripeHost) return;
-    if (Platform.isMacOS) {
-      try {
-        screenshot = await _waitForRenderedScreenshot(captureScreenshot);
-      } catch (error) {
-        checkoutFailure = 'Unable to capture WebView screenshot: $error';
-      }
-    }
-    this.uri = uri;
-    this.documentLength = documentLength;
-  }
-
-  @override
-  void onPageLoadFailed(Uri? uri, String reason) {
-    lastFailure = '${uri?.host ?? 'unknown host'}: $reason';
-    if (uri?.host == _stripeHost) {
-      checkoutFailure = reason;
-    }
-  }
-}
diff --git a/integration_test/utils/app_robot.dart b/integration_test/utils/app_robot.dart
index cefb6a238a..4b60a0609d 100644
--- a/integration_test/utils/app_robot.dart
+++ b/integration_test/utils/app_robot.dart
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import 'widget_wait_utils.dart';
 /// that Firebase Test Lab captures (adb logcat | grep E2E).
 void e2eLog(String message) => debugPrint('[E2E] $message');
 
-/// Drives the app shell during integration tests, independent of any feature.
-/// Android-only for now; other platforms still use `vpn/vpn_smoke_helpers.dart`.
+/// Drives the app shell during Android and desktop integration tests,
+/// independent of any feature.
 class AppRobot {
   AppRobot(this.tester);
 
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ class AppRobot {
   final Finder onboardingScreen = find.byKey(const Key('onboarding.screen'));
   final Finder onboardingSkip = find.byKey(const Key('onboarding.skip'));
   final Finder onboardingPrimary = find.byKey(const Key('onboarding.primary'));
+  final Finder macosExtensionScreen = find.byKey(
+    const Key('macos_extension.screen'),
+  );
 
   /// String-valued widget keys currently in the tree, sorted — a lightweight
   /// "what's on screen" dump for failure diagnostics. `Key('foo')` is a
@@ -244,6 +247,41 @@ class AppRobot {
     return true;
   }
 
+  /// Dismisses the macOS system-extension screen when it covers home. Payment
+  /// smokes do not exercise the VPN, so they can safely close this prompt.
+  Future<bool> dismissMacOSExtensionScreenIfShown() async {
+    if (macosExtensionScreen.evaluate().isEmpty) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    e2eLog('macOS system extension screen shown — dismissing');
+
+    final close = find
+        .descendant(
+          of: macosExtensionScreen,
+          matching: find.byType(CloseButton),
+        )
+        .hitTestable();
+    final tapDeadline = DateTime.now().add(const Duration(seconds: 5));
+    while (DateTime.now().isBefore(tapDeadline)) {
+      if (macosExtensionScreen.evaluate().isEmpty) return true;
+      if (close.evaluate().isNotEmpty) {
+        await tester.tap(close);
+        await tester.pump(const Duration(milliseconds: 400));
+        break;
+      }
+      await tester.pump(const Duration(milliseconds: 200));
+    }
+
+    await WidgetWaitUtils.waitForFinderToDisappear(
+      tester,
+      macosExtensionScreen,
+      timeout: const Duration(seconds: 10),
+      reason: 'macOS system extension screen did not close after dismiss',
+    );
+    e2eLog('macOS system extension screen dismissed');
+    return true;
+  }
+
   /// Waits until [control] is hit-testable — the app-ready gate — clearing
   /// onboarding that appears while waiting. Home renders before onboarding is
   /// pushed on top of it, so we first spend up to [onboardingGrace] letting
@@ -268,6 +306,10 @@ class AppRobot {
         await dismissOnboardingIfShown();
         continue;
       }
+      if (macosExtensionScreen.evaluate().isNotEmpty) {
+        await dismissMacOSExtensionScreenIfShown();
+        continue;
+      }
 
       if (control.hitTestable().evaluate().isNotEmpty) {
         return;
diff --git a/integration_test/utils/payment_robot.dart b/integration_test/utils/payment_robot.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..88e1baf3ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_test/utils/payment_robot.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+import 'dart:math';
+
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:hooks_riverpod/hooks_riverpod.dart';
+import 'package:lantern/core/common/common.dart';
+import 'package:lantern/core/models/plan_data.dart';
+import 'package:lantern/core/widgets/app_webview.dart';
+import 'package:lantern/features/plans/provider/plans_notifier.dart';
+
+import 'app_robot.dart';
+import 'widget_wait_utils.dart';
+
+/// Drives plan selection and the payment-method screen through the same state
+/// and controls used by the app.
+class PaymentRobot {
+  PaymentRobot(this.tester, this.app);
+
+  final WidgetTester tester;
+  final AppRobot app;
+
+  ProviderContainer? _cachedContainer;
+
+  /// Resolves and caches the root provider container before route changes.
+  ProviderContainer get container {
+    final cached = _cachedContainer;
+    if (cached != null) return cached;
+
+    final elements = app.homeScreen.evaluate();
+    if (elements.isEmpty) {
+      fail('Cannot resolve providers: home screen is not mounted');
+    }
+    return _cachedContainer = ProviderScope.containerOf(
+      elements.first,
+      listen: false,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /// Loads plans while keeping the auto-disposed provider alive for the test.
+  Future<PlansData> loadPlans({
+    Duration timeout = const Duration(seconds: 60),
+  }) {
+    final subscription = container.listen(plansProvider, (_, _) {});
+    addTearDown(subscription.close);
+    return container.read(plansProvider.future).timeout(timeout);
+  }
+
+  /// Selects the best-value plan, falling back to the first available plan.
+  Plan selectBestValuePlan(PlansData plans) {
+    final plan = plans.plans.firstWhere(
+      (plan) => plan.bestValue,
+      orElse: () => plans.plans.first,
+    );
+    container.read(plansProvider.notifier).setSelectedPlan(plan);
+    e2eLog('Selected plan ${plan.id}');
+    return plan;
+  }
+
+  /// Opens the payment-method screen directly for a checkout smoke test.
+  Future<void> openPaymentMethods({
+    required String email,
+    required AuthFlow authFlow,
+    AppWebViewObserver? checkoutObserver,
+  }) {
+    return appRouter.replaceAll([
+      ChoosePaymentMethod(
+        email: email,
+        authFlow: authFlow,
+        checkoutObserver: checkoutObserver,
+      ),
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  /// Expands [provider] when needed and starts its checkout flow.
+  Future<void> startCheckout({required String provider}) async {
+    final providerTile = find.byKey(Key('payment.provider.$provider'));
+    final checkoutButton = find.byKey(Key('payment.checkout.$provider'));
+
+    await app.waitForControlReady(
+      providerTile,
+      controlName: '$provider payment method',
+      onboardingGrace: Duration.zero,
+    );
+    if (checkoutButton.evaluate().isEmpty) {
+      e2eLog('Expanding the $provider payment method');
+      await tester.tap(providerTile);
+      await tester.pump(const Duration(milliseconds: 300));
+    }
+    await WidgetWaitUtils.waitForFinder(
+      tester,
+      checkoutButton,
+      timeout: const Duration(seconds: 10),
+      reason: '$provider checkout button was not available',
+    );
+    await tester.ensureVisible(checkoutButton);
+    await app.waitForControlReady(
+      checkoutButton,
+      controlName: '$provider checkout button',
+      onboardingGrace: Duration.zero,
+    );
+
+    e2eLog('Starting $provider checkout');
+    await tester.tap(checkoutButton);
+  }
+}
+
+String e2eEmail([String? runID]) =>
+    'e2e+${runID ?? newE2ERunID()}@getlantern.org';
+
+String newE2ERunID() {
+  final random = Random.secure();
+  final bytes = List<int>.generate(16, (_) => random.nextInt(256));
+  bytes[6] = (bytes[6] & 0x0f) | 0x40;
+  bytes[8] = (bytes[8] & 0x3f) | 0x80;
+  final hex = bytes
+      .map((byte) => byte.toRadixString(16).padLeft(2, '0'))
+      .join();
+  return '${hex.substring(0, 8)}-${hex.substring(8, 12)}-'
+      '${hex.substring(12, 16)}-${hex.substring(16, 20)}-'
+      '${hex.substring(20)}';
+}
diff --git a/lib/core/widgets/app_webview.dart b/lib/core/widgets/app_webview.dart
index 398699b034..d585e97c93 100644
--- a/lib/core/widgets/app_webview.dart
+++ b/lib/core/widgets/app_webview.dart
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ abstract interface class AppWebViewObserver {
     Uri uri, {
     required int documentLength,
     required Future<Uint8List?> Function() captureScreenshot,
+    required Future<Object?> Function(String source) evaluateJavaScript,
   });
 
   void onPageLoadFailed(Uri? uri, String reason);
@@ -124,7 +125,6 @@ class _InnerWebViewState extends ConsumerState<_InnerWebView> {
       shouldOverrideUrlLoading: shouldOverrideUrlLoading,
       initialUrlRequest: _initialRequest,
       initialSettings: setting,
-      onWebViewCreated: (controller) {},
       onCreateWindow: (controller, createWindowAction) async {
         final req = createWindowAction.request;
         if (PlatformUtils.isWindows) {
@@ -207,6 +207,8 @@ class _InnerWebViewState extends ConsumerState<_InnerWebView> {
         uri,
         documentLength: documentLength,
         captureScreenshot: () => controller.takeScreenshot(),
+        evaluateJavaScript: (source) =>
+            controller.evaluateJavascript(source: source),
       );
     } catch (error, stackTrace) {
       appLogger.error('Unable to notify WebView observer', error, stackTrace);
diff --git a/lib/features/auth/choose_payment_method.dart b/lib/features/auth/choose_payment_method.dart
index ff5acac6d1..c8fd52a66b 100644
--- a/lib/features/auth/choose_payment_method.dart
+++ b/lib/features/auth/choose_payment_method.dart
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ import 'package:lantern/features/plans/provider/payment_notifier.dart';
 import 'package:lantern/features/plans/provider/plans_notifier.dart';
 import 'package:lantern/features/plans/provider/referral_notifier.dart';
 
+const _paymentE2EEnabled = bool.fromEnvironment('PAYMENT_E2E_ENABLED');
+
 @RoutePage(name: 'ChoosePaymentMethod')
 class ChoosePaymentMethod extends HookConsumerWidget {
   final String email;
@@ -189,6 +191,22 @@ class ChoosePaymentMethod extends HookConsumerWidget {
           return;
         }
         break;
+
+      // The payment integration test injects this staging-only provider. It
+      // follows the normal desktop redirect flow so the test exercises the
+      // same callback and account-refresh behavior as a real checkout without
+      // creating a charge.
+      case 'e2e':
+        if (isDesktop && _paymentE2EEnabled) {
+          await paymentRedirectFlow(
+            provider.providers.name,
+            ref,
+            context,
+            paymentRedirectInFlight,
+          );
+          return;
+        }
+        break;
     }
   }
 
@@ -396,6 +414,7 @@ class ChoosePaymentMethod extends HookConsumerWidget {
           try {
             final purchaseResult = await UrlUtils.openWebview<bool>(
               normalizedUrl,
+              observer: checkoutObserver,
             );
             if (!context.mounted || purchaseResult == null) return;
             await onPurchaseResult(purchaseResult, context, ref);