Fix #13812 value potentially truncated in ValueFlowAnalyzer::evaluteInt() #19508

Job	Run time
build_cmake (ubuntu:24.04, true, true)	2m 46s
build_make (alpine:3.23)	5m 55s
build_make (ubuntu:24.04)	2m 54s
build_make (ubuntu:25.10)	4m 24s
build_cmake (ubuntu:25.10, true, true)	2m 44s
build_cmake (alpine:3.23, false, false)	4m 33s
	23m 16s

Provide feedback