exceptions.md

Exceptions and Panics in TechScript

TechScript handles errors using two complementary mechanisms: structured exception handling (try / catch) for recoverable failures, and explicit panics (throw) for unrecoverable logic errors.

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🏗️ Recoverable Errors: try / catch

Use a try block to run code that might fail. If an error is thrown, execution transitions to the catch block:

try
    data = fs.read("non_existent_file.json")
    say data
catch error
    say $"Failed to read file: {error}"
end

The caught error object is a dictionary or error model containing details about the failure (e.g. message, code).

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🧬 Throwing Exceptions

Use the throw keyword to manually signal a recoverable exception:

do divide(a, b)
    when b == 0
        throw "Division by zero is not allowed"
    end
    send a / b
end

try
    result = divide(10, 0)
catch err
    say $"Caught error: {err}"
end

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🚫 Unrecoverable Errors: Panics

When the runtime encounters a fatal state (such as array out-of-bounds, out of memory, stack overflow), it triggers a panic, which immediately terminates execution:

# Triggering an array out of bounds panic
arr = [1, 2]
say arr[99] # Panics! Thread is terminated.