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Bytecode Specification

TechScript compiles source files into a binary bytecode format (.txc) optimized for fast loading and low-overhead VM execution.

📁 The .txc Binary Layout

Every compiled .txc file has a structured header followed by data blocks:

+------------------------------------+
| Magic Header: "TXS\x00" (4 bytes)  |
+------------------------------------+
| Major & Minor Version (4 bytes)    |
+------------------------------------+
| Constant Pool Size (4 bytes)       |
+------------------------------------+
| Constant Pool Data                 |
+------------------------------------+
| Instruction Count (4 bytes)        |
+------------------------------------+
| Bytecode Instructions              |
+------------------------------------+

⚙️ Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)

The TechScript VM uses an 8-bit instruction set. Here are the primary instructions:

Opcode Mnemonic Arguments Description
0x01 LOAD_CONST const_idx (u32) Pushes a value from the constant pool onto the stack.
0x02 LOAD_LOCAL local_idx (u32) Pushes a local variable value onto the stack.
0x03 STORE_LOCAL local_idx (u32) Pops the top of the stack and stores it in local memory.
0x04 ADD None Pops two values, adds them, pushes the result.
0x05 SUB None Pops two values, subtracts them, pushes the result.
0x06 MUL None Pops two values, multiplies them, pushes the result.
0x07 DIV None Pops two values, divides them, pushes the result.
0x08 JUMP offset (i32) Unconditionally jumps instruction pointer.
0x09 JUMP_IF_FALSE offset (i32) Pops value; if false, jumps to offset.
0x0A CALL arg_count (u8) Calls a function with N arguments on stack.
0x0B RETURN None Returns from the current stack frame.
0x0C HALT None Stops VM execution immediately.