diff --git a/src/__tests__/bridges.test.ts b/src/__tests__/bridges.test.ts
index dfd5d49..b09cde9 100644
--- a/src/__tests__/bridges.test.ts
+++ b/src/__tests__/bridges.test.ts
@@ -119,6 +119,28 @@ describe("EthersAdapterSigner", () => {
     })
   })
 
+  it("infers the root primaryType when omitted, not the first types key", async () => {
+    const adapter = createMockAdapter()
+    const signer = walletAdapterToEthersSigner(adapter, {})
+    // `Person` (a dependency) is declared before `Mail` (the root). The primary
+    // type is the struct not referenced by any other, i.e. `Mail` - not the
+    // first key.
+    const types = {
+      Person: [{ name: "wallet", type: "address" }],
+      Mail: [
+        { name: "from", type: "Person" },
+        { name: "contents", type: "string" },
+      ],
+    }
+    await signer.signTypedData({ name: "Test" }, types, {
+      from: { wallet: "0x1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678" },
+      contents: "hi",
+    })
+    expect(adapter.signTypedData).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({ primaryType: "Mail" }),
+    )
+  })
+
   it("connect returns new signer with different provider", () => {
     const adapter = createMockAdapter()
     const signer = walletAdapterToEthersSigner(adapter, { id: 1 })
diff --git a/src/__tests__/eip712.test.ts b/src/__tests__/eip712.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a248aa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/__tests__/eip712.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest"
+import { hashTypedData } from "../util/eip712.js"
+
+describe("hashTypedData", () => {
+  const domain = { name: "Test", version: "1", chainId: 1 }
+
+  it("rejects an odd-length hex bytes value instead of silently truncating", () => {
+    const types = { Doc: [{ name: "data", type: "bytes" }] }
+    // 5 hex digits -> odd length. Previously the last nibble was dropped and a
+    // wrong hash was signed; it must now throw instead.
+    expect(() =>
+      hashTypedData(domain, "Doc", { data: "0xabcde" }, types),
+    ).toThrow(/odd length/i)
+  })
+
+  it("still hashes a valid even-length bytes value", () => {
+    const types = { Doc: [{ name: "data", type: "bytes" }] }
+    const hash = hashTypedData(domain, "Doc", { data: "0xabcd" }, types)
+    expect(hash).toBeInstanceOf(Uint8Array)
+    expect(hash.length).toBe(32)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/src/bridges/ethers.ts b/src/bridges/ethers.ts
index b186481..77c506c 100644
--- a/src/bridges/ethers.ts
+++ b/src/bridges/ethers.ts
@@ -108,8 +108,7 @@ export class EthersAdapterSigner {
       domain,
       types,
       message: value,
-      primaryType:
-        primaryType ?? Object.keys(types).find(t => t !== "EIP712Domain") ?? "",
+      primaryType: primaryType ?? inferPrimaryType(types),
     })
   }
 
@@ -117,3 +116,22 @@ export class EthersAdapterSigner {
     return new EthersAdapterSigner(this.adapter, provider)
   }
 }
+
+/**
+ * Infer the EIP-712 primary type the way ethers.js does: the struct that is not
+ * referenced as a field type by any other struct (the root of the type graph).
+ * The previous heuristic took the first key in `types`, which signs the wrong
+ * struct when the root is not declared first (e.g. dependencies listed above it).
+ */
+function inferPrimaryType(types: Record<string, any>): string {
+  const named = Object.keys(types).filter(t => t !== "EIP712Domain")
+  const referenced = new Set<string>()
+  for (const name of named) {
+    for (const field of types[name] ?? []) {
+      const base = String(field.type).replace(/(\[\d*\])+$/, "")
+      if (base in types) referenced.add(base)
+    }
+  }
+  const roots = named.filter(t => !referenced.has(t))
+  return roots[0] ?? named[0] ?? ""
+}
diff --git a/src/util/eip712.ts b/src/util/eip712.ts
index d1f75f2..6839326 100644
--- a/src/util/eip712.ts
+++ b/src/util/eip712.ts
@@ -187,6 +187,12 @@ function encodeValue(
 
 function hexToBytes(hex: string): Uint8Array {
   const clean = hex.startsWith("0x") ? hex.slice(2) : hex
+  // An odd-length hex string would otherwise be silently truncated (the last
+  // nibble dropped), producing a wrong EIP-712 hash for `bytes` values. Reject
+  // it so signing fails loudly instead of signing the wrong data.
+  if (clean.length % 2 !== 0) {
+    throw new Error(`Invalid hex value: odd length (${clean.length} digits)`)
+  }
   const bytes = new Uint8Array(clean.length / 2)
   for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
     bytes[i] = Number.parseInt(clean.slice(i * 2, i * 2 + 2), 16)