From cb0a2f7fc003ad9c7924c026c580c4ab31c81ecf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Valera V Harseko <vharseko@3a-systems.ru>
Date: Sat, 11 Jul 2026 18:47:31 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Clean up Javadoc warnings and fail the build on new ones

- Remove the deprecated <footer> config that only emitted the JDK
  "-footer option is no longer supported" warning; the header already
  carries the same title.
- Drop the empty <p></p> in the launcher overview that produced an
  "empty <p> tag" Javadoc warning.
- HTML-escape '&', '<' and '>' in the message text embedded into the
  Javadoc of the i18n-generated message classes so generated sources
  stay warning-free.
- Enable failOnWarnings in maven-javadoc-plugin so any future Javadoc
  warning (html, syntax, reference, accessibility) fails the build.
- Bump maven-javadoc-plugin to 3.12.0 and align the two modules that
  pinned older versions (2.9, 2.6.1) to the shared property.
---
 commons/launcher/launcher/src/main/javadoc/overview.html | 3 +--
 commons/launcher/pom.xml                                 | 4 ++--
 .../i18n/maven/AbstractGenerateMessagesMojo.java         | 8 +++++++-
 .../maven-external-dependency-plugin/pom.xml             | 6 ++++--
 pom.xml                                                  | 9 +++++++--
 5 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
diff --git a/commons/launcher/launcher/src/main/javadoc/overview.html b/commons/launcher/launcher/src/main/javadoc/overview.html
index 9c83c2e3e5..6673fdb57d 100644
--- a/commons/launcher/launcher/src/main/javadoc/overview.html
+++ b/commons/launcher/launcher/src/main/javadoc/overview.html
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+<!-- Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC -->
 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
 <html>
 <head>
@@ -13,7 +14,5 @@
 </head>
 <body>
 <p class="p1">ForgeRock OSGi Launcher</p>
-
-<p></p>
 </body>
 </html>
diff --git a/commons/launcher/pom.xml b/commons/launcher/pom.xml
index d3de358e02..11f3eb0f0f 100644
--- a/commons/launcher/pom.xml
+++ b/commons/launcher/pom.xml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
   ~ your own identifying information:
   ~ "Portions Copyrighted [year] [name of copyright owner]"
 
-    Portions Copyright 2017-2024 3A Systems, LLC.
+    Portions Copyright 2017-2026 3A Systems, LLC.
   -->
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                 <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>2.9</version>
+                <version>${javadocPluginVersion}</version>
                 <reportSets>
                     <reportSet>
                         <reports>
diff --git a/i18n-framework/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/forgerock/i18n/maven/AbstractGenerateMessagesMojo.java b/i18n-framework/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/forgerock/i18n/maven/AbstractGenerateMessagesMojo.java
index 1e3e97eed4..d79dcfd93b 100644
--- a/i18n-framework/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/forgerock/i18n/maven/AbstractGenerateMessagesMojo.java
+++ b/i18n-framework/maven-plugin/src/main/java/org/forgerock/i18n/maven/AbstractGenerateMessagesMojo.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * information: "Portions Copyrighted [year] [name of copyright owner]".
  *
  *      Copyright 2011-2013 ForgeRock AS
+ *      Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 package org.forgerock.i18n.maven;
 
@@ -341,7 +342,12 @@ String getComment() {
 
             final String[] sa = ws.split(EOL);
             for (final String s : sa) {
-                sb.append(indent(1)).append(" * ").append(s).append(EOL);
+                // Escape HTML metacharacters so that message text (which may contain
+                // '&', '<' or '>' - e.g. LDAP filters or GUI HTML fragments) yields
+                // valid Javadoc. The runtime message is loaded from the property
+                // bundle by key, so escaping this documentation comment is harmless.
+                final String escaped = s.replace("&", "&amp;").replace("<", "&lt;").replace(">", "&gt;");
+                sb.append(indent(1)).append(" * ").append(escaped).append(EOL);
             }
             sb.append(indent(1)).append(" */").append(EOL);
             return sb.toString();
diff --git a/maven-external-dependency-plugin/maven-external-dependency-plugin/pom.xml b/maven-external-dependency-plugin/maven-external-dependency-plugin/pom.xml
index 909cda4739..f64703df63 100644
--- a/maven-external-dependency-plugin/maven-external-dependency-plugin/pom.xml
+++ b/maven-external-dependency-plugin/maven-external-dependency-plugin/pom.xml
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 specific language governing permissions and limitations
 under the License.
---> 
+
+Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
+-->
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <parent>
@@ -247,7 +249,7 @@ under the License.
       <plugin>
         <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
         <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
-        <version>2.6.1</version>
+        <version>${javadocPluginVersion}</version>
         <configuration>
           <stylesheetfile>${basedir}/src/main/javadoc/stylesheet.css</stylesheetfile>
           <show>public</show>
diff --git a/pom.xml b/pom.xml
index 407f5bee06..8d1218d651 100644
--- a/pom.xml
+++ b/pom.xml
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
         <findbugsPluginVersion>3.0.1</findbugsPluginVersion>
 
         <!-- maven-javadoc-plugin -->
-        <javadocPluginVersion>3.10.1</javadocPluginVersion>
+        <javadocPluginVersion>3.12.0</javadocPluginVersion>
         <!-- build-tools stylesheet org/forgerock/javadoc/javadoc.css
              does not work with JDK7 -->
         <javadocStylesheet />
@@ -1066,12 +1066,17 @@
                              warnings surfaced as CI annotations; keep the accessibility, html,
                              reference and syntax checks that guard against real javadoc errors. -->
                         <doclint>all,-missing</doclint>
+                        <!-- Treat any remaining javadoc warning (html, syntax, reference,
+                             accessibility) as a build error so regressions cannot slip in. -->
+                        <failOnWarnings>true</failOnWarnings>
                         <author>false</author>
                         <quiet>true</quiet>
                         <windowtitle>${javadocWindowTitle}</windowtitle>
                         <doctitle>${javadocDocTitle}</doctitle>
                         <header><![CDATA[<b>${javadocDocTitle}</b>]]></header>
-                        <footer><![CDATA[<b>${javadocDocTitle}</b>]]></footer>
+                        <!-- No <footer>: the underlying -footer javadoc option was removed
+                             in modern JDKs and only emits a deprecation warning. The header
+                             already carries the same title. -->
                         <show>protected</show>
 <!--                         <excludePackageNames>com.*</excludePackageNames> -->
                         <stylesheetfile>${javadocStylesheet}</stylesheetfile>

From 0b2ea9df0e66f31e19d58d295b52af8311152acb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Valera V Harseko <vharseko@3a-systems.ru>
Date: Sat, 11 Jul 2026 20:25:33 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Add missing Javadoc @param/@throws/@return descriptions
 (JDK 11 doclint)

JDK 11's doclint reports "no description for @param/@throws/@return" for
block tags whose description is empty; JDK 17+ does not. With
failOnWarnings enabled this failed the JDK 11 CI jobs. Fill in concise,
accurate descriptions for all such tags across the reactor (mostly
persistit/core) so the Javadoc build is warning-free on every JDK.
Comment-only changes; no code behavior affected.
---
 .../audit/handlers/csv/CsvWriter.java         |  5 +-
 .../audit/handlers/csv/HmacCalculator.java    |  3 +-
 .../audit/handlers/csv/SecureCsvWriter.java   |  5 +-
 .../audit/handlers/csv/StandardCsvWriter.java |  5 +-
 .../handlers/jms/JmsResourceManager.java      |  8 +-
 .../java/org/forgerock/json/schema/Main.java  | 11 +--
 .../commons/launcher/ConfigurationUtil.java   |  2 +
 .../core/crypto/FieldStorageSchemeImpl.java   |  3 +-
 .../DeployExternalDependencyMojo.java         |  6 +-
 .../main/java/com/persistit/Accumulator.java  | 18 ++--
 .../main/java/com/persistit/AlertMonitor.java |  6 +-
 .../main/java/com/persistit/BackupTask.java   |  9 +-
 .../src/main/java/com/persistit/Buffer.java   | 62 +++++++-------
 .../main/java/com/persistit/BufferPool.java   | 12 +++
 .../core/src/main/java/com/persistit/CLI.java | 28 +++----
 .../java/com/persistit/CheckpointManager.java |  3 +-
 .../main/java/com/persistit/ClassIndex.java   |  4 +-
 .../java/com/persistit/Configuration.java     | 13 +++
 .../com/persistit/DefaultObjectCoder.java     |  8 +-
 .../java/com/persistit/DefaultValueCoder.java | 12 +--
 .../src/main/java/com/persistit/Exchange.java | 84 +++++++++----------
 .../main/java/com/persistit/FastIndex.java    | 10 +--
 .../main/java/com/persistit/GetVersion.java   |  7 +-
 .../src/main/java/com/persistit/IOMeter.java  |  5 +-
 .../java/com/persistit/IntegrityCheck.java    | 12 +--
 .../java/com/persistit/JournalManager.java    | 44 +++++-----
 .../main/java/com/persistit/JournalTool.java  |  9 +-
 .../core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Key.java | 34 ++++----
 .../main/java/com/persistit/KeyFilter.java    | 16 ++--
 .../main/java/com/persistit/KeyParser.java    |  3 +-
 .../java/com/persistit/LongRecordHelper.java  | 11 +--
 .../main/java/com/persistit/Management.java   | 46 +++++-----
 .../java/com/persistit/ManagementImpl.java    | 38 +++++----
 .../com/persistit/MediatedFileChannel.java    |  5 +-
 .../main/java/com/persistit/Persistit.java    | 66 +++++++--------
 .../main/java/com/persistit/PersistitMap.java | 12 +--
 .../java/com/persistit/RecoveryManager.java   | 50 +++++------
 .../java/com/persistit/SharedResource.java    |  4 +-
 .../main/java/com/persistit/StreamSaver.java  | 52 ++++++------
 .../src/main/java/com/persistit/Task.java     | 10 ++-
 .../java/com/persistit/TimelyResource.java    | 20 ++---
 .../main/java/com/persistit/Transaction.java  | 22 ++++-
 .../java/com/persistit/TransactionIndex.java  | 26 +++---
 .../com/persistit/TransactionIndexBucket.java |  3 +-
 .../java/com/persistit/TransactionPlayer.java | 11 +--
 .../com/persistit/TransactionRunnable.java    |  7 +-
 .../java/com/persistit/TransactionStatus.java | 12 +--
 .../src/main/java/com/persistit/Tree.java     |  8 +-
 .../main/java/com/persistit/TreeBuilder.java  | 28 ++++---
 .../src/main/java/com/persistit/Value.java    | 14 ++--
 .../src/main/java/com/persistit/Version.java  |  4 +-
 .../src/main/java/com/persistit/Volume.java   | 38 ++++-----
 .../main/java/com/persistit/VolumeHeader.java | 10 +--
 .../com/persistit/VolumeSpecification.java    |  2 +-
 .../java/com/persistit/VolumeStorage.java     | 21 ++---
 .../java/com/persistit/VolumeStorageT2.java   | 13 +--
 .../java/com/persistit/VolumeStorageV2.java   | 16 ++--
 .../java/com/persistit/VolumeStructure.java   | 18 ++--
 .../com/persistit/encoding/CoderManager.java  |  2 +-
 .../encoding/CollectionValueCoder.java        |  6 +-
 .../persistit/encoding/EnumValueCoder.java    |  5 +-
 .../com/persistit/encoding/HandleCache.java   |  3 +-
 .../java/com/persistit/encoding/KeyCoder.java |  7 +-
 .../com/persistit/encoding/KeyDisplayer.java  |  5 +-
 .../com/persistit/encoding/KeyRenderer.java   |  5 +-
 .../com/persistit/encoding/ObjectCache.java   |  8 +-
 .../persistit/encoding/SerialValueCoder.java  |  3 +-
 .../com/persistit/encoding/ValueCoder.java    |  2 +-
 .../persistit/encoding/ValueDisplayer.java    |  5 +-
 .../com/persistit/encoding/ValueRenderer.java |  3 +-
 .../logging/DefaultPersistitLogger.java       |  5 +-
 .../persistit/logging/PersistitLogger.java    |  5 +-
 .../mxbeans/CleanupManagerMXBean.java         |  4 +-
 .../com/persistit/mxbeans/IOMeterMXBean.java  |  4 +-
 .../persistit/mxbeans/ManagementMXBean.java   | 29 +++----
 .../java/com/persistit/policy/JoinPolicy.java |  4 +-
 .../com/persistit/ref/AbstractReference.java  |  3 +-
 .../persistit/ref/AbstractWeakReference.java  |  2 +-
 .../java/com/persistit/util/ArgParser.java    | 10 +--
 .../main/java/com/persistit/util/Debug.java   |  5 +-
 .../com/persistit/util/ThreadSequencer.java   |  3 +-
 .../ui/ManagementSlidingTableModel.java       |  2 +-
 .../persistit/ui/ManagementTableModel.java    |  2 +-
 .../com/persistit/ui/PersistitTableModel.java |  5 +-
 .../org/forgerock/script/ScriptRegistry.java  |  4 +
 .../org/forgerock/script/engine/Utils.java    |  5 +-
 .../script/jsr223/ScriptExecutor.java         |  3 +-
 .../registry/ThreadClassLoaderManager.java    |  3 +-
 .../org/forgerock/script/scope/Function.java  |  3 +
 .../forgerock/script/source/ScriptSource.java |  3 +-
 90 files changed, 640 insertions(+), 532 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commons/audit/handler-csv/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/csv/CsvWriter.java b/commons/audit/handler-csv/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/csv/CsvWriter.java
index 350b322f7f..40231ac71f 100644
--- a/commons/audit/handler-csv/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/csv/CsvWriter.java
+++ b/commons/audit/handler-csv/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/csv/CsvWriter.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * information: "Portions copyright [year] [name of copyright owner]".
  *
  * Copyright 2015 ForgeRock AS.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 package org.forgerock.audit.handlers.csv;
 
@@ -37,13 +38,13 @@ interface CsvWriter extends AutoCloseable {
     /**
      * Write a row into the CSV files.
      * @param values The keys of the {@link Map} have to match the column's header.
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs while writing the row.
      */
     void writeEvent(Map<String, String> values) throws IOException;
 
     /**
      * Flush the data into the CSV file.
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs while flushing.
      */
     void flush() throws IOException;
 
diff --git a/commons/audit/handler-csv/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/csv/HmacCalculator.java b/commons/audit/handler-csv/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/csv/HmacCalculator.java
index ea93ab55a0..db7b1e38af 100644
--- a/commons/audit/handler-csv/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/csv/HmacCalculator.java
+++ b/commons/audit/handler-csv/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/csv/HmacCalculator.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 * information: "Portions copyright [year] [name of copyright owner]".
 *
 * Copyright 2015 ForgeRock AS.
+* Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
 */
 
 package org.forgerock.audit.handlers.csv;
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ public void setCurrentKey(byte[] bytes) {
      *
      * @param data the data used to calculate the HMAC
      * @return the calculated HMAC as a base64 encoded String.
-     * @throws SignatureException
+     * @throws SignatureException if the HMAC cannot be generated.
      */
     public String calculate(byte[] data) throws SignatureException {
         try {
diff --git a/commons/audit/handler-csv/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/csv/SecureCsvWriter.java b/commons/audit/handler-csv/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/csv/SecureCsvWriter.java
index c14ef3207d..41dc69a6b9 100644
--- a/commons/audit/handler-csv/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/csv/SecureCsvWriter.java
+++ b/commons/audit/handler-csv/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/csv/SecureCsvWriter.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * information: "Portions copyright [year] [name of copyright owner]".
  *
  * Copyright 2015-2016 ForgeRock AS.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 package org.forgerock.audit.handlers.csv;
 
@@ -308,7 +309,7 @@ public boolean forceRotation() throws IOException {
     /**
      * Write a row into the CSV files.
      * @param values The keys of the {@link Map} have to match the column's header.
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs while writing the event.
      */
     @Override
     public void writeEvent(Map<String, String> values) throws IOException {
@@ -318,7 +319,7 @@ public void writeEvent(Map<String, String> values) throws IOException {
     /**
      * Write a row into the CSV files.
      * @param values The keys of the {@link Map} have to match the column's header.
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs while writing the event.
      */
     public void writeEvent(Writer writer, Map<String, String> values) throws IOException {
         signatureLock.lock();
diff --git a/commons/audit/handler-csv/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/csv/StandardCsvWriter.java b/commons/audit/handler-csv/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/csv/StandardCsvWriter.java
index 235fbd1deb..81dc3fc4b7 100644
--- a/commons/audit/handler-csv/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/csv/StandardCsvWriter.java
+++ b/commons/audit/handler-csv/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/csv/StandardCsvWriter.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * information: "Portions copyright [year] [name of copyright owner]".
  *
  * Copyright 2015-2016 ForgeRock AS.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 package org.forgerock.audit.handlers.csv;
 
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ public void writeHeader(String... headers) throws IOException {
     /**
      * Write a row into the CSV files.
      * @param values The keys of the {@link Map} have to match the column's header.
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs while writing the row.
      */
     @Override
     public void writeEvent(Map<String, String> values) throws IOException {
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ public void writeEvent(Map<String, String> values) throws IOException {
 
     /**
      * Flush the data into the CSV file.
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs while flushing.
      */
     public void flush() throws IOException {
         csvWriter.flush();
diff --git a/commons/audit/handler-jms/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/jms/JmsResourceManager.java b/commons/audit/handler-jms/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/jms/JmsResourceManager.java
index e48299e029..facca72d59 100644
--- a/commons/audit/handler-jms/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/jms/JmsResourceManager.java
+++ b/commons/audit/handler-jms/src/main/java/org/forgerock/audit/handlers/jms/JmsResourceManager.java
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
  * information: "Portions copyright [year] [name of copyright owner]".
  *
  * Copyright 2016 ForgeRock AS.
- * Portions copyright 2024 3A Systems LLC.
+ * Portions copyright 2024-2026 3A Systems LLC.
  */
 
 package org.forgerock.audit.handlers.jms;
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class JmsResourceManager {
      *
      * @param configuration The Audit Configuration.
      * @param jmsContextManager The {@link JmsContextManager}.
-     * @throws InternalServerErrorException
+     * @throws InternalServerErrorException if the JMS resources cannot be initialized.
      */
     public JmsResourceManager(JmsAuditEventHandlerConfiguration configuration, JmsContextManager jmsContextManager)
             throws ResourceException {
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ public JmsResourceManager(JmsAuditEventHandlerConfiguration configuration, JmsCo
 
     /**
      * Opens the connection to the JMS services with the configured session mode.
-     * @throws JMSException
+     * @throws JMSException if there is trouble opening the connection.
      */
     public void openConnection() throws JMSException {
         connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ public void openConnection() throws JMSException {
     /**
      * Closes the connection to the JMS services.
      *
-     * @throws JMSException
+     * @throws JMSException if there is trouble closing the connection.
      */
     public void closeConnection() throws JMSException {
         if (null != connection) {
diff --git a/commons/json-schema/cli/src/main/java/org/forgerock/json/schema/Main.java b/commons/json-schema/cli/src/main/java/org/forgerock/json/schema/Main.java
index 301056615f..ba79282921 100644
--- a/commons/json-schema/cli/src/main/java/org/forgerock/json/schema/Main.java
+++ b/commons/json-schema/cli/src/main/java/org/forgerock/json/schema/Main.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * information: "Portions Copyrighted [year] [name of copyright owner]".
  *
  * Copyright 2011-2016 ForgeRock AS.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 
 package org.forgerock.json.schema;
@@ -199,9 +200,9 @@ private void loadSchema(URI base, File schemaFile) throws IOException {
      * Files found; the List is sorted using File.compareTo().
      *
      * @param aStartingDir is a valid directory, which can be read.
-     * @param filter
-     * @return
-     * @throws java.io.FileNotFoundException
+     * @param filter the filter used to select which files to include.
+     * @return the list of files found beneath the starting directory.
+     * @throws java.io.FileNotFoundException if the starting directory does not exist or cannot be read.
      */
     private List<File> getFileListingNoSort(File aStartingDir, FileFilter filter) throws FileNotFoundException {
         List<File> result = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -222,8 +223,8 @@ private List<File> getFileListingNoSort(File aStartingDir, FileFilter filter) th
     /**
      * Directory is valid if it exists, does not represent a file, and can be read.
      *
-     * @param aDirectory
-     * @throws java.io.FileNotFoundException
+     * @param aDirectory the directory to validate.
+     * @throws java.io.FileNotFoundException if the directory does not exist.
      */
     private void validateDirectory(File aDirectory) throws FileNotFoundException {
         if (aDirectory == null) {
diff --git a/commons/launcher/launcher/src/main/java/org/forgerock/commons/launcher/ConfigurationUtil.java b/commons/launcher/launcher/src/main/java/org/forgerock/commons/launcher/ConfigurationUtil.java
index b67903c645..7689ea80d6 100644
--- a/commons/launcher/launcher/src/main/java/org/forgerock/commons/launcher/ConfigurationUtil.java
+++ b/commons/launcher/launcher/src/main/java/org/forgerock/commons/launcher/ConfigurationUtil.java
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ private ConfigurationUtil() {
      * which will match each entry.
      * 
      * @param location
+     *            the URL of the jar file to scan.
      * @param includes
      *            to filter the results within a regular expression.
      * @return a list of files within the jar |file|
@@ -153,6 +154,7 @@ public void connect() throws IOException {}
      * which will match each entry.
      * 
      * @param location
+     *            the URL of the zip file to scan.
      * @param includes
      *            to filter the results within a regular expression.
      * @return a list of files within the zip |file|
diff --git a/commons/selfservice/core/src/main/java/org/forgerock/selfservice/core/crypto/FieldStorageSchemeImpl.java b/commons/selfservice/core/src/main/java/org/forgerock/selfservice/core/crypto/FieldStorageSchemeImpl.java
index 79dd65e899..15b6792669 100644
--- a/commons/selfservice/core/src/main/java/org/forgerock/selfservice/core/crypto/FieldStorageSchemeImpl.java
+++ b/commons/selfservice/core/src/main/java/org/forgerock/selfservice/core/crypto/FieldStorageSchemeImpl.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * information: "Portions copyright [year] [name of copyright owner]".
  *
  * Copyright 2015 ForgeRock AS.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 package org.forgerock.selfservice.core.crypto;
 
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ class FieldStorageSchemeImpl implements FieldStorageScheme {
      *
      * @param digestSize the size of the digest in bytes.
      * @param algorithm  the algorithm to use.
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws Exception if no provider supports the given digest algorithm.
      */
     FieldStorageSchemeImpl(int digestSize, String algorithm) throws Exception {
         this.messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance(algorithm);
diff --git a/maven-external-dependency-plugin/maven-external-dependency-plugin/src/main/java/com/savage7/maven/plugin/dependency/DeployExternalDependencyMojo.java b/maven-external-dependency-plugin/maven-external-dependency-plugin/src/main/java/com/savage7/maven/plugin/dependency/DeployExternalDependencyMojo.java
index 079f392934..a0e5577855 100644
--- a/maven-external-dependency-plugin/maven-external-dependency-plugin/src/main/java/com/savage7/maven/plugin/dependency/DeployExternalDependencyMojo.java
+++ b/maven-external-dependency-plugin/maven-external-dependency-plugin/src/main/java/com/savage7/maven/plugin/dependency/DeployExternalDependencyMojo.java
@@ -259,8 +259,8 @@ else if (artifactItem.getGeneratePom() == true)
      * section
      *
      * @return deployment repository defined in distribution management
-     * @throws MojoExecutionException
-     * @throws MojoFailureException
+     * @throws MojoExecutionException if the repository is not defined in the POM's distribution management section
+     * @throws MojoFailureException if the deployment goal fails
      */
     private ArtifactRepository getDeploymentRepository()
             throws MojoExecutionException, MojoFailureException
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ private ArtifactRepository getDeploymentRepository()
      * Checks for offline mode; throws exception if offline, deploy goal cannot
      * proceed
      *
-     * @throws MojoFailureException
+     * @throws MojoFailureException if Maven is running in offline mode
      */
     private void failIfOffline() throws MojoFailureException
     {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Accumulator.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Accumulator.java
index 63a53a2802..9af9934c9d 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Accumulator.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Accumulator.java
@@ -535,8 +535,8 @@ private Accumulator(final Tree tree, final int index, final long baseValue, fina
      * This method is called when computing a snapshot value and when
      * aggregating <code>Delta</code> instances.
      * 
-     * @param a
-     * @param b
+     * @param a the first operand
+     * @param b the second operand
      * @return the result of the commutative operation on a and b
      */
     abstract long applyValue(long a, long b);
@@ -548,18 +548,18 @@ private Accumulator(final Tree tree, final int index, final long baseValue, fina
      * <code>SeqAccumulator</code> update(a, b) returns a + b (computed
      * atomically) whereas apply(a, b) return Math.max(a, b).
      * 
-     * @param a
-     * @param b
+     * @param a the first operand
+     * @param b the second operand
      * @return the result of the commutative operation on a and b
      */
     abstract long updateValue(long a, long b);
 
     /**
-     * @param value
+     * @param value the current value
      * @param updated
      *            return One of the supplied parameters as the value to be held
      *            in a <code>Delta</code>.
-     * 
+     *
      */
     abstract long selectValue(long value, long updated);
 
@@ -665,8 +665,8 @@ public long getSnapshotValue() throws PersistitInterruptedException {
     }
 
     /**
-     * @param timestamp
-     * @param step
+     * @param timestamp the start timestamp bounding committed transactions to include
+     * @param step the step number bounding operations of the current transaction to include
      * @return The value computed by accumulating values contributed by (a) all
      *         transactions having commit timestamps less than or equal to
      *         <code>timestamp</code>, and (b) all operations performed by the
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ long getSnapshotValue(final long timestamp, final int step) throws PersistitInte
      * recovery processing to apply Deltas from recovered committed
      * transactions.
      * 
-     * @param value
+     * @param value the delta value to apply to the base value
      */
     void updateBaseValue(final long value, final long commitTimestamp) {
         _baseValue = applyValue(_baseValue, value);
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/AlertMonitor.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/AlertMonitor.java
index 4cfeb76b73..63ea41434a 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/AlertMonitor.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/AlertMonitor.java
@@ -749,7 +749,7 @@ public MBeanNotificationInfo[] getNotificationInfo() {
      * standard log message. If there have been multiple Events, emit a
      * recurring event message.
      * 
-     * @param history
+     * @param history the event history to log
      */
     private void log(final History history) {
         final Event event = history.getLastEvent();
@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ private void log(final History history) {
     /**
      * Broadcast a JMX Notification.
      * 
-     * @param history
+     * @param history the event history to broadcast
      */
     private void sendNotification(final History history) {
         final Event event = history.getLastEvent();
@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ private void sendNotification(final History history) {
      * were three argument elements.
      * </p>
      * 
-     * @param event
+     * @param event the event to format
      * @return formatted event
      */
     private String format(final Event event) {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/BackupTask.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/BackupTask.java
index 2c6e7ad3be..64e0fe1782 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/BackupTask.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/BackupTask.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /**
  * Copyright 2011-2012 Akiban Technologies, Inc.
- * 
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
+ *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
@@ -171,8 +172,9 @@ private void populateBackupFiles() throws Exception {
      * A convenience method for backing up relatively small amounts of data from
      * within Persistit. In production it is expected that the actual file
      * copies required for backup will be performed be third-party utilities.
-     * 
+     *
      * @throws Exception
+     *             if the backup operation fails
      */
     private void doBackup() throws Exception {
         final ZipOutputStream zos = new ZipOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(_toFile),
@@ -221,8 +223,9 @@ private void doBackup() throws Exception {
      * A convenience method for unit tests to unzip a backup created by
      * {@link #doBackup()}. In production it is expected a backup produced by
      * {@link #doBackup()} will be restored via an external unzip utility.
-     * 
+     *
      * @throws Exception
+     *             if the restore operation fails
      */
     public void doRestore(final String path) throws Exception {
         final File zipFile = new File(path);
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Buffer.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Buffer.java
index 963dece395..6c375bd911 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Buffer.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Buffer.java
@@ -452,12 +452,12 @@ void clearEnqueuedForPruning() {
      *
      * Extract fields from the buffer.
      *
-     * @throws PersistitIOException
-     * @throws InvalidPageAddressException
-     * @throws InvalidPageStructureException
-     * @throws VolumeClosedException
-     * @throws InUseException
-     * @throws PersistitInterruptedException
+     * @throws PersistitIOException if an I/O error occurs
+     * @throws InvalidPageAddressException if the page address is invalid
+     * @throws InvalidPageStructureException if the page structure is invalid
+     * @throws VolumeClosedException if the volume is closed
+     * @throws InUseException if the resource is currently in use
+     * @throws PersistitInterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
      */
     void load(final Volume vol, final long page) throws PersistitIOException, InvalidPageAddressException,
             InvalidPageStructureException, VolumeClosedException, InUseException, PersistitInterruptedException {
@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ void clearBytes(final int from, final int to) {
      * Clears all tailblock bytes that are no longer in use. This makes sure we
      * don't retain data that has been deleted or moved in this page.
      *
-     * @throws InvalidPageStructureException
+     * @throws InvalidPageStructureException if the page structure is invalid
      */
     void clearSlack() throws InvalidPageStructureException {
         if (isGarbagePage()) {
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ Buffer getNext() {
      * @return An encoded result (see above). Returns 0 if the supplied key
      *         precedes the first key in the page. Returns Integer.MAX_VALUE if
      *         it follows the last key in the page.
-     * @throws PersistitInterruptedException
+     * @throws PersistitInterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
      */
     int findKey(final Key key) throws PersistitInterruptedException {
         final FastIndex fastIndex = getFastIndex();
@@ -1119,7 +1119,7 @@ boolean isPrimordialAntiValue(final int foundAt) {
      * Given a foundAt position, return a long value that encodes the offset and
      * size of the associated value field
      *
-     * @param foundAt
+     * @param foundAt the encoded position of the key within the page
      * @return (offset << 32) | size;
      */
     long at(final int foundAt) {
@@ -1227,9 +1227,9 @@ long getPointer(final int foundAt) throws PersistitException {
      * Internal implementation of getKey using a previously computed result from
      * the findKey() method.
      *
-     * @param key
-     * @param mode
-     * @param foundAt
+     * @param key the <code>Key</code> being sought and updated with the result
+     * @param mode the traversal direction
+     * @param foundAt the result previously computed by {@link #findKey}
      * @return foundAt value
      */
     int traverse(final Key key, final Key.Direction mode, final int foundAt) {
@@ -1248,8 +1248,8 @@ int traverse(final Key key, final Key.Direction mode, final int foundAt) {
     /**
      * Helper method to compute the actual bytes in the previous key.
      *
-     * @param key
-     * @param foundAt
+     * @param key the <code>Key</code> to populate with the previous key
+     * @param foundAt the result previously computed by {@link #findKey}
      * @return foundAt value
      */
     int previousKey(final Key key, final int foundAt) {
@@ -1321,8 +1321,8 @@ int previousKey(final Key key, final int foundAt) {
     /**
      * Helper method to compute the actual bytes in the successor key.
      *
-     * @param key
-     * @param foundAt
+     * @param key the <code>Key</code> to populate with the successor key
+     * @param foundAt the result previously computed by {@link #findKey}
      * @return foundAt value
      */
     int nextKey(final Key key, final int foundAt) {
@@ -1356,8 +1356,8 @@ int nextKey(final Key key, final int foundAt) {
     /**
      * Helper method for IntegrityCheck to find next long record key block
      *
-     * @param value
-     * @param foundAt
+     * @param value the <code>Value</code> to receive the long record data
+     * @param foundAt the position at which to begin searching
      * @return foundAt value
      */
     int nextLongRecord(final Value value, final int foundAt) {
@@ -1411,7 +1411,7 @@ int toKeyBlock(int foundAt) {
      *            The key on under which the value will be stored
      * @param valueHelper
      *            The value, converted to a byte array
-     * @throws PersistitInterruptedException
+     * @throws PersistitInterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
      */
     int putValue(final Key key, final ValueHelper valueHelper) throws PersistitInterruptedException {
         final int p = findKey(key);
@@ -1577,7 +1577,7 @@ int putValue(final Key key, final ValueHelper valueHelper, final int foundAt, fi
      * This method is for debugging only. It should be asserted after a key has
      * been inserted or removed.
      *
-     * @param p
+     * @param p the offset of the keyblock to check
      * @return when key is adjacent
      */
     private boolean adjacentKeyCheck(int p) {
@@ -1922,7 +1922,7 @@ private int wedgeTail(final int tail, int delta) {
      * @return offset of the inserted key block. If positive, this value denotes
      *         a location in this Buffer. If negative, it denotes a location in
      *         the right sibling Buffer.
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     final int split(final Buffer rightSibling, final Key key, final ValueHelper valueHelper, int foundAt,
             final Key indexKey, final Sequence sequence, final SplitPolicy policy) throws PersistitException {
@@ -2961,11 +2961,11 @@ private void reduceEbc(final int p, final int newEbc, final byte[] indexKeyBytes
     /**
      * Move records from buffer2 to this buffer. The
      *
-     * @param buffer
-     * @param p1
-     * @param p2
-     * @param insertAt
-     * @param includesRightEdge
+     * @param buffer the source buffer from which records are moved
+     * @param p1 the offset of the first keyblock to move
+     * @param p2 the offset just past the last keyblock to move
+     * @param insertAt the offset in this buffer at which the records are inserted
+     * @param includesRightEdge whether the right edge keyblock is also moved
      */
     void moveRecords(final Buffer buffer, final int p1, final int p2, int insertAt, final boolean includesRightEdge) {
         if (p2 - p1 + _keyBlockEnd > _alloc) {
@@ -3195,7 +3195,7 @@ boolean isAfterRightEdge(final int foundAt) {
      * Determines whether supplied index points to the left of the first key in
      * the page.
      *
-     * @param foundAt
+     * @param foundAt the keyblock index
      */
     boolean isBeforeLeftEdge(final int foundAt) {
         return (((foundAt & EXACT_MASK) == 0 && (foundAt & P_MASK) <= KEY_BLOCK_START) || (foundAt & P_MASK) < KEY_BLOCK_START);
@@ -3598,10 +3598,10 @@ PersistitException verify(Key key, final VerifyVisitor visitor) {
      * pruning the page can be saved with the preceding checkpoint even though a
      * new checkpoint has been proposed.
      *
-     * @param tree
+     * @param tree the <code>Tree</code> to which this buffer belongs
      * @return <code>true</code> if this method changed the contents of the
      *         buffer
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     boolean pruneMvvValues(final Tree tree, final boolean pruneLongMVVs, final List<CleanupAction> cleanupActions)
             throws PersistitException {
@@ -3876,7 +3876,7 @@ public String toStringDetail() {
     }
 
     /**
-     * @param findPointer
+     * @param findPointer the page pointer to locate, or a negative value to show all records
      * @return a human-readable representation of a page; if it is an index page
      *         and findPointer >= 0, then only show the records that surround
      *         the one that points to findPointer. This provides a way to
@@ -4234,7 +4234,7 @@ void enqueuePruningAction(final int treeHandle) {
      *            A set of Volumes for which IV records have already been
      *            written. This method adds a volume to this set whenever it
      *            writes an IV record.
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws Exception if an error occurs while dumping the buffer
      */
     void dump(final ByteBuffer bb, final boolean secure, final boolean verbose, final Set<Volume> identifiedVolumes)
             throws Exception {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/BufferPool.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/BufferPool.java
index 8af3ee0c44..98d528e2b6 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/BufferPool.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/BufferPool.java
@@ -543,6 +543,7 @@ int getDirtyPageCount() {
      * @param volume
      *            The volume
      * @throws PersistitInterruptedException
+     *             if the thread was interrupted while waiting for I/O
      */
     boolean invalidate(final Volume volume) throws PersistitException {
         final float ratio = (float) volume.getStorage().getNextAvailablePage() / (float) _bufferCount;
@@ -891,12 +892,18 @@ Buffer get(final Volume vol, final long page, final boolean writer, final boolea
      * Buffer should be used only for display and diagnostic purposes.
      *
      * @param vol
+     *            the <code>Volume</code> containing the page to copy
      * @param page
+     *            the page address of the page to copy
      * @return Copy of the Buffer
      * @throws InvalidPageAddressException
+     *             if the supplied page address is invalid
      * @throws InvalidPageStructureException
+     *             if the page image is corrupt
      * @throws VolumeClosedException
+     *             if the volume has been closed
      * @throws PersistitInterruptedException
+     *             if the thread was interrupted while waiting for I/O
      */
     public Buffer getBufferCopy(final Volume vol, final long page) throws InvalidPageAddressException,
             InvalidPageStructureException, VolumeClosedException, InUseException, PersistitIOException,
@@ -952,6 +959,7 @@ public Buffer getBufferCopy(final int index) throws IllegalArgumentException {
      * @return Buffer An available buffer, or <i>null</i> if no buffer is
      *         currently available. The buffer has a writer claim.
      * @throws PersistitException
+     *             if a persistence error occurs while evicting a page
      * @throws IllegalStateException
      *             if there is no available buffer.
      */
@@ -1327,6 +1335,7 @@ private boolean matches(final Buffer buffer) {
          * Used to sort buffers in ascending page address order by volume.
          *
          * @param buffer
+         *            the <code>BufferHolder</code> to compare with
          * @return -1, 0 or 1 as this <code>Buffer</code> falls before, a, or
          *         after the supplied <code>Buffer</code> in the desired page
          *         address order.
@@ -1397,7 +1406,9 @@ public String toString() {
 
     /**
      * @param i
+     *            the index of the buffer within this pool
      * @param detail
+     *            <code>true</code> to include detailed buffer state
      * @return toString value for buffer at index <code>i</code>.
      */
     String toString(final int i, final boolean detail) {
@@ -1420,6 +1431,7 @@ String toString(final int i, final boolean detail) {
      * @param secure
      *            true to obscure data values in the dump
      * @throws Exception
+     *             if an error occurs while writing the dump
      */
     void dump(final DataOutputStream stream, final ByteBuffer bb, final boolean secure, final boolean verbose)
             throws Exception {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/CLI.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/CLI.java
index 51341e6c23..639af288d5 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/CLI.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/CLI.java
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ public class CLI {
      * annotation, and its arguments must be defined with @Arg annotations. This
      * method allows applications to extend the CLI.
      * 
-     * @param clazz
+     * @param clazz the class whose <code>@Cmd</code>-annotated methods are registered as CLI commands
      */
     public static void registerCommands(final Class<?> clazz) {
         for (final Method method : clazz.getDeclaredMethods()) {
@@ -248,8 +248,8 @@ public static void registerCommands(final Class<?> clazz) {
      * 
      * To execute the select command on a server on port 9999.
      * 
-     * @param args
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @param args command-line arguments; the first element specifies the host and/or port of the CLI server, and the remaining elements form the CLI command to execute
+     * @throws Exception if an error occurs while connecting to or communicating with the CLI server
      */
     public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {
         final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
@@ -296,10 +296,10 @@ public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {
      * commands and write any generated output to the supplied
      * <code>PrintWriter</code>.
      * 
-     * @param persistit
-     * @param reader
-     * @param writer
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @param persistit the <code>Persistit</code> instance on which the commands operate
+     * @param reader the <code>BufferedReader</code> from which CLI command lines are read
+     * @param writer the <code>PrintWriter</code> to which generated output is written
+     * @throws Exception if an error occurs while reading, executing a command, or writing output
      */
     public static void runScript(final Persistit persistit, final BufferedReader reader, final PrintWriter writer)
             throws Exception {
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ private static long availableMemory() {
      * name=value parameters, all separate by spaces. Argument values containing
      * spaces can be quoted by a leading backslash.
      * 
-     * @param commandLine
+     * @param commandLine the command line string to split into command and argument tokens
      * @return List of String values, one per command name or argument token.
      */
     public static List<String> pieces(final String commandLine) {
@@ -699,13 +699,13 @@ void checkOpen() throws NotOpenException {
      * Open files on disk and attempt to make a read-only Persistit instance.
      * This method does not return a Task and cannot be executed in a live
      * 
-     * @param datapath
-     * @param journalpath
-     * @param volumepath
-     * @param rmiport
-     * @param y
+     * @param datapath the directory path in which the data files are located
+     * @param journalpath the path to the journal files; if empty, the data path is used
+     * @param volumepath the path to the volume file(s); if empty, the data path is used
+     * @param rmiport the RMI management port on which to register the instance
+     * @param y <code>true</code> to recover committed transactions while opening
      * @return Result description
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws Exception if the read-only Persistit instance cannot be opened
      */
     @Cmd("open")
     String open(@Arg("datapath|string|Data path") final String datapath,
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/CheckpointManager.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/CheckpointManager.java
index 7d094e45eb..68a54e463e 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/CheckpointManager.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/CheckpointManager.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 
 package com.persistit;
@@ -219,7 +220,7 @@ void pollCreateCheckpoint() throws PersistitException {
      * checkpoints.
      * 
      * @return The newly created Checkpoint
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     synchronized Checkpoint createCheckpoint() throws PersistitException {
         /*
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/ClassIndex.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/ClassIndex.java
index 2db6d0ca5e..37de4bb759 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/ClassIndex.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/ClassIndex.java
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ private void releaseExchange(final Exchange ex) {
      * For unit tests only. Next class ID handle will be at least as large as
      * this.
      * 
-     * @param id
+     * @param id the minimum value for the next assigned class ID handle
      */
     void setTestIdFloor(final int id) {
         _testIdFloor = id;
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ void setTestIdFloor(final int id) {
     /**
      * For unit tests only. Clears all entries.
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     void clearAllEntries() throws PersistitException {
         getExchange().removeAll();
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Configuration.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Configuration.java
index 2c3580f128..a9e830126a 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Configuration.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Configuration.java
@@ -438,6 +438,7 @@ public void setMaximumCount(final int maximumCount) {
          * Set the minimum and maximum buffer count.
          * 
          * @param count
+         *            the buffer count to set as both the minimum and maximum
          */
         public void setCount(final int count) {
             setMinimumCount(count);
@@ -611,8 +612,11 @@ public void parse(final String string) {
          * {@value com.persistit.Configuration#GIGA} as a multiplier.
          * 
          * @param bufferSize
+         *            the buffer (page) size to which this count applies
          * @param propertyName
+         *            the name of the property being parsed
          * @param propertyValue
+         *            the property value to parse as a buffer count
          * @throws IllegalArgumentException
          *             if the propertyValue is not in the form of a valid
          *             Integer
@@ -642,8 +646,11 @@ public void parseBufferCount(final int bufferSize, final String propertyName, fi
          * 75% of the remainder up to 8Gb, but not less than 64Mb.
          * 
          * @param bufferSize
+         *            the buffer (page) size to which this configuration applies
          * @param propertyName
+         *            the name of the property being parsed
          * @param propertyValue
+         *            the property value to parse as memory constraints
          */
         public void parseBufferMemory(final int bufferSize, final String propertyName, final String propertyValue) {
             checkBufferSize(bufferSize, propertyName);
@@ -1183,7 +1190,10 @@ public static float parseFloatProperty(final String propName, final String str)
      * case-insensitive.
      * 
      * @param propName
+     *            Name of the property, used in formatting the Exception if the
+     *            value is invalid.
      * @param str
+     *            The string representation, either "true" or "false".
      * @return the boolean value
      */
     public static boolean parseBooleanValue(final String propName, final String str) {
@@ -1263,6 +1273,7 @@ public boolean getBooleanProperty(final String propName, final boolean dflt) {
      *            {@link VolumeSpecification#VolumeSpecification(String)}.
      * @return a <code>VolumeSpecification</code>
      * @throws InvalidVolumeSpecificationException
+     *             if the supplied string is not a valid volume specification
      * @see #getProperty(String)
      */
     public VolumeSpecification volumeSpecification(final String vstring) throws InvalidVolumeSpecificationException {
@@ -1313,6 +1324,8 @@ public String getBufferPoolConfiguration() {
      * supplied string.
      * 
      * @param string
+     *            the buffer pool configuration string, one specification per
+     *            buffer size separated by ';'
      */
     public void setBufferPoolConfiguration(final String string) {
         for (final BufferPoolConfiguration bpc : bufferPoolMap.values()) {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/DefaultObjectCoder.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/DefaultObjectCoder.java
index 437935b671..0d833d8899 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/DefaultObjectCoder.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/DefaultObjectCoder.java
@@ -189,8 +189,8 @@ private DefaultObjectCoder(final Persistit persistit, final Class clientClass, f
      *            of stored instances
      * 
      * @return the newly registered <code>DefaultObjectCoder</code>
-     * 
-     * @throws IntrospectionException
+     *
+     * @throws IntrospectionException if the client class cannot be introspected
      */
     public synchronized DefaultObjectCoder registerObjectCoderFromBean(final Persistit persistit,
             final Class clientClass, final String[] keyPropertyNames) throws IntrospectionException {
@@ -504,8 +504,8 @@ public boolean isZeroByteFree() {
      *            application to convey an application-specific context for the
      *            operation. (See {@link CoderContext}.) The default value is
      *            <code>null</code>.
-     * 
-     * @throws ConversionException
+     *
+     * @throws ConversionException if the key segment cannot be converted into the target object
      */
     @Override
     public void renderKeySegment(final Key key, final Object target, final Class clazz, final CoderContext context)
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/DefaultValueCoder.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/DefaultValueCoder.java
index 2c5393fe8d..492208fb37 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/DefaultValueCoder.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/DefaultValueCoder.java
@@ -284,8 +284,8 @@ public Object run() {
     /**
      * Performs unprivileged initialization logic common to both constructors.
      * 
-     * @param clientClass
-     * @param mustBeSerializable
+     * @param clientClass the client class to be encoded and decoded
+     * @param mustBeSerializable whether the client class is required to be serializable
      */
     private void init(final Persistit persistit, final Class clientClass, final boolean mustBeSerializable) {
         _clazz = clientClass;
@@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ Object newInstance() {
      * @param object
      *            The object whose fields are to be serialized
      * 
-     * @throws ConversionException
+     * @throws ConversionException if the value cannot be converted
      */
     public void putDefaultFields(final Value value, final Object object) throws ConversionException {
         Accessor accessor = null;
@@ -1054,7 +1054,7 @@ public void putDefaultFields(final Value value, final Object object) throws Conv
      * @return An <code>Object</code> having the same class as the suppled
      *         <code>clazz</code> parameter.
      * 
-     * @throws ConversionException
+     * @throws ConversionException if the value cannot be converted
      */
     @Override
     public Object get(final Value value, final Class clazz, final CoderContext context) throws ConversionException {
@@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ Object readResolve(Object instance) {
      *            operation. (See {@link CoderContext}.) The default value is
      *            <code>null</code>.
      * 
-     * @throws ConversionException
+     * @throws ConversionException if the value cannot be converted
      */
     @Override
     public void render(final Value value, final Object target, final Class clazz, final CoderContext context)
@@ -1145,7 +1145,7 @@ public void render(final Value value, final Object target, final Class clazz, fi
      * @param target
      *            The object whose fields will be set
      * 
-     * @throws ConversionException
+     * @throws ConversionException if the value cannot be converted
      */
     void renderDefaultFields(final Value value, final Object target) throws ConversionException {
         Accessor accessor = null;
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Exchange.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Exchange.java
index 48e16251c4..38e9ecf46a 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Exchange.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Exchange.java
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ public void sawVersion(final long version, final int offset, final int valueLeng
    *            <code>true</code> to create a new Tree if one by the specified
    *            name does not already exist.
    *
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public Exchange(final Persistit persistit, final String volumeName, final String treeName, final boolean create)
     throws PersistitException {
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ public Exchange(final Persistit persistit, final String volumeName, final String
    * @param create
    *            <code>true</code> to create a new Tree if one by the specified
    *            name does not already exist.
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public Exchange(final Persistit persistit, final Volume volume, final String treeName, final boolean create)
     throws PersistitException {
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ public interface TraverseVisitor {
      *            <code>Key</code> and <code>Value</code> may be read
      * @return <code>true</code> to continue traversing keys, or
      *         <code>false</code> to stop
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     public boolean visit(final ReadOnlyExchange ex) throws PersistitException;
   }
@@ -1127,11 +1127,11 @@ private int search(final Key key, final boolean writer) throws PersistitExceptio
    * determines whether information cached in the LevelCache is still valid;
    * if so the previous result is still valid.
    *
-   * @param buffer
-   * @param key
-   * @param lc
+   * @param buffer the <code>Buffer</code> to search
+   * @param key the <code>Key</code> to find
+   * @param lc the <code>LevelCache</code> providing cached lookup state
    * @return foundAt value
-   * @throws PersistitInterruptedException
+   * @throws PersistitInterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
    */
   private int findKey(final Buffer buffer, final Key key, final LevelCache lc) throws PersistitInterruptedException {
     //
@@ -1990,7 +1990,7 @@ private Buffer quicklyReclaimBuffer(final LevelCache lc, final boolean writer) t
    *            Siblings</a>).
    * @return <code>true</code> if there is a key to traverse to, else
    *         <code>false</code>.
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean traverse(final Direction direction, final boolean deep) throws PersistitException {
     final boolean result = traverse(direction, deep, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
@@ -2051,7 +2051,7 @@ public boolean traverse(final Direction direction, final boolean deep) throws Pe
    * @return <code>true</code> if there is a key to traverse to, else
    *         <code>false</code>.
    *
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean traverse(final Direction direction, final boolean deep, final int minimumBytes)
     throws PersistitException {
@@ -2428,7 +2428,7 @@ private boolean traverse(final Direction direction, final boolean deep, final in
    * @return <code>true</code> if additional keys remaining in the traversal
    *         set, or <code>false</code> to indicate that keys are exhausted.
    *
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
 
   public boolean traverse(final Direction direction, final boolean deep, final int minimumBytes,
@@ -2477,7 +2477,7 @@ public boolean traverse(final Direction direction, final boolean deep, final int
    *
    * @return <code>true</code> if there is a key to traverse to, else null.
    *
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean traverse(final Direction direction, final KeyFilter keyFilter, final int minBytes)
     throws PersistitException {
@@ -2530,7 +2530,7 @@ public boolean traverse(final Direction direction, final KeyFilter keyFilter, fi
    * <code>traverse(Key.GT, false)</code>.
    *
    * @return <code>true</code> if there is a key to traverse to, else null.
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean next() throws PersistitException {
     return traverse(GT, false);
@@ -2541,7 +2541,7 @@ public boolean next() throws PersistitException {
    * <code>traverse(Key.LT, false)</code>.
    *
    * @return <code>true</code> if there is a key to traverse to, else null.
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean previous() throws PersistitException {
     return traverse(LT, false);
@@ -2559,7 +2559,7 @@ public boolean previous() throws PersistitException {
    *            Siblings</a>).
    *
    * @return <code>true</code> if there is a key to traverse to, else null.
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean next(final boolean deep) throws PersistitException {
     return traverse(GT, deep);
@@ -2578,7 +2578,7 @@ public boolean next(final boolean deep) throws PersistitException {
    *
    * @return <code>true</code> if there is a key to traverse to, else null.
    *
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean previous(final boolean deep) throws PersistitException {
     return traverse(LT, deep);
@@ -2590,7 +2590,7 @@ public boolean previous(final boolean deep) throws PersistitException {
    * are included in the result is determined by the <code>KeyFilter</code>.
    *
    * @return <code>true</code> if there is a key to traverse to, else null.
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean next(final KeyFilter filter) throws PersistitException {
     return traverse(GT, filter, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
@@ -2603,7 +2603,7 @@ public boolean next(final KeyFilter filter) throws PersistitException {
    * <code>KeyFilter</code>.
    *
    * @return <code>true</code> if there is a key to traverse to, else null.
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean previous(final KeyFilter filter) throws PersistitException {
     return traverse(LT, filter, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
@@ -2617,7 +2617,7 @@ public boolean previous(final KeyFilter filter) throws PersistitException {
    *
    * @return <code>true</code> if the key has a successor
    *
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean hasNext() throws PersistitException {
     return traverse(GT, false, -1);
@@ -2630,7 +2630,7 @@ public boolean hasNext() throws PersistitException {
    *
    * @return <code>true</code> if the key has a successor
    *
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean hasNext(final KeyFilter filter) throws PersistitException {
     if (filter == null)
@@ -2656,7 +2656,7 @@ public boolean hasNext(final KeyFilter filter) throws PersistitException {
    *
    * @return <code>true</code> if the key has a successor
    *
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean hasNext(final boolean deep) throws PersistitException {
     return traverse(GT, deep, -1);
@@ -2669,7 +2669,7 @@ public boolean hasNext(final boolean deep) throws PersistitException {
    * changed.
    *
    * @return <code>true</code> if the key has a predecessor
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean hasPrevious() throws PersistitException {
     return traverse(LT, false, -1);
@@ -2690,7 +2690,7 @@ public boolean hasPrevious() throws PersistitException {
    *
    * @return <code>true</code> if the key has a predecessor
    *
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean hasPrevious(final boolean deep) throws PersistitException {
     return traverse(LT, deep, -1);
@@ -2703,7 +2703,7 @@ public boolean hasPrevious(final boolean deep) throws PersistitException {
    *
    * @return <code>true</code> if the key has a successor
    *
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean hasPrevious(final KeyFilter filter) throws PersistitException {
     if (filter == null)
@@ -2722,7 +2722,7 @@ public boolean hasPrevious(final KeyFilter filter) throws PersistitException {
    *
    * @return <code>true</code> if the key has an associated value
    *
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean isValueDefined() throws PersistitException {
     return traverse(EQ, true, -1);
@@ -2734,7 +2734,7 @@ public boolean isValueDefined() throws PersistitException {
    * associated with the current key, then replace it.
    *
    * @return This <code>Exchange</code> to permit method call chaining
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public Exchange store() throws PersistitException {
     return store(_key, _value);
@@ -2745,7 +2745,7 @@ public Exchange store() throws PersistitException {
    * timeout value of
    * {@value com.persistit.SharedResource#DEFAULT_MAX_WAIT_TIME} milliseconds.
    *
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public void lock() throws PersistitException {
     lock(_key, SharedResource.DEFAULT_MAX_WAIT_TIME);
@@ -2758,7 +2758,7 @@ public void lock() throws PersistitException {
    *
    * @param key
    *            The key to lock
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public void lock(final Key key) throws PersistitException {
     lock(key, SharedResource.DEFAULT_MAX_WAIT_TIME);
@@ -2825,7 +2825,7 @@ public void lock(final Key key) throws PersistitException {
    *            the source Key
    * @param timeout
    *            timeout interval in milliseconds, zero for default timeout
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    * @throws RollbackException
    *             in the specific case that another concurrent transaction has
    *             also locked the same key
@@ -2873,7 +2873,7 @@ public void lock(final Key lockKey, final long timeout) throws PersistitExceptio
    * need for external synchronization.
    *
    * @return This <code>Exchange</code> to permit method call chaining
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public Exchange fetchAndStore() throws PersistitException {
     assertCorrectThread(true);
@@ -2899,7 +2899,7 @@ public Exchange fetchAndStore() throws PersistitException {
    * .
    *
    * @return This <code>Exchange</code> to permit method call chaining
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public Exchange fetch() throws PersistitException {
     return fetch(_value, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
@@ -2929,7 +2929,7 @@ public Exchange fetch() throws PersistitException {
    *            returned value.
    *
    * @return This <code>Exchange</code> to permit method call chaining
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public Exchange fetch(final int minimumBytes) throws PersistitException {
     return fetch(_value, minimumBytes);
@@ -2948,7 +2948,7 @@ public Exchange fetch(final int minimumBytes) throws PersistitException {
    *            fetched.
    *
    * @return This <code>Exchange</code> to permit method call chaining
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public Exchange fetch(final Value value) throws PersistitException {
     return fetch(value, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
@@ -3035,7 +3035,7 @@ private boolean mvccFetch(final Value value, final int minimumBytes) throws Pers
    *
    *
    * @return This <code>Exchange</code> to permit method call chaining
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public Exchange fetch(final Value value, int minimumBytes) throws PersistitException {
     assertCorrectThread(true);
@@ -3174,7 +3174,7 @@ void fetchFixupForLongRecords(final Value value, final int minimumBytes) throws
    *
    * @return <code>true</code> if the current <code>Key</code> has logical
    *         children
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean hasChildren() throws PersistitException {
     _key.copyTo(_spareKey2);
@@ -3193,7 +3193,7 @@ public boolean hasChildren() throws PersistitException {
    * is, the value of {@link Value#isDefined} becomes <code>false</code>.
    *
    * @return <code>true</code> if there was a key/value pair to remove
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean fetchAndRemove() throws PersistitException {
     assertCorrectThread(true);
@@ -3212,7 +3212,7 @@ public boolean fetchAndRemove() throws PersistitException {
    * <code>Exchange</code> will no longer be usable. Attempts to perform
    * operations on it will result in an <code>IllegalStateException</code>.
    *
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public void removeTree() throws PersistitException {
     assertCorrectThread(true);
@@ -3234,7 +3234,7 @@ public void removeTree() throws PersistitException {
    * <code>Tree</code>.
    *
    * @return <code>true</code> if there was a key/value pair to remove
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean remove() throws PersistitException {
     return removeInternal(EQ, false);
@@ -3244,7 +3244,7 @@ public boolean remove() throws PersistitException {
    * Remove all keys in this <code>Exchange</code>'s <code>Tree</code>.
    *
    * @return <code>true</code> if there were key/value pairs removed
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean removeAll() throws PersistitException {
     clear();
@@ -3273,7 +3273,7 @@ public boolean removeAll() throws PersistitException {
    *            One of Key.EQ, Key.GT, Key.GTEQ
    * @return <code>true</code> if one or more records were actually removed,
    *         else <i>false</i>.
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   public boolean remove(final Direction direction) throws PersistitException {
     return removeInternal(direction, false);
@@ -3370,7 +3370,7 @@ public boolean removeKeyRange(final Key key1, final Key key2) throws PersistitEx
    *            Control whether to copy the existing value for the first key
    *            into _spareValue before deleting the record.
    * @return <code>true</code> if any records were removed.
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   private boolean removeKeyRangeInternal(final Key key1, final Key key2, final boolean fetchFirst)
     throws PersistitException {
@@ -3462,7 +3462,7 @@ private boolean removeKeyRangeInternal(final Key key1, final Key key2, final boo
    *            being identified and removes it only if it is a primordial
    *            AntiValue.
    * @return <code>true</code> if any records were removed.
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   boolean raw_removeKeyRangeInternal(final Key key1, final Key key2, final boolean fetchFirst,
     final boolean removeOnlyAntiValue) throws PersistitException {
@@ -3876,7 +3876,7 @@ boolean raw_removeKeyRangeInternal(final Key key1, final Key key2, final boolean
    *
    * @param lc
    *            LevelCache set up by raw_removeKeyRangeInternal
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   private void rebalanceSplit(final LevelCache lc) throws PersistitException {
     //
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/FastIndex.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/FastIndex.java
index 399d1225d1..c13f1aae83 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/FastIndex.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/FastIndex.java
@@ -514,11 +514,11 @@ synchronized void insertKeyBlock(final int foundAt, final int previousEbc, final
      * Fixes up the elements surrounding insertion of keyblock that causes the
      * successor ebc to get fixed up.
      * 
-     * @param insertIndex
-     * @param runIndex
-     * @param runCount
-     * @param ebc
-     * @param successorEbc
+     * @param insertIndex the index at which the new keyblock is inserted
+     * @param runIndex the index of the first keyblock in the affected run
+     * @param runCount the number of keyblocks in the run
+     * @param ebc the elided byte count at the head of the run
+     * @param successorEbc the elided byte count of the successor keyblock
      */
     private void fixupSuccessor(final int lastIndex, final int insertIndex, final int runIndex, final int runCount,
             final int ebc, final int successorEbc) {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/GetVersion.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/GetVersion.java
index 4049d4394e..bf29293626 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/GetVersion.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/GetVersion.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /**
  * Copyright 2011-2012 Akiban Technologies, Inc.
- * 
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
+ *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
@@ -36,8 +37,8 @@ public class GetVersion {
     /**
      * Write the build version string to {@link System#out}
      * 
-     * @param a
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @param a the command-line arguments (ignored)
+     * @throws Exception if an error occurs while reading the version string
      */
     public static void main(final String[] a) throws Exception {
         System.out.println(getVersionString());
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/IOMeter.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/IOMeter.java
index 6773ab7fdf..63a44752bd 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/IOMeter.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/IOMeter.java
@@ -408,7 +408,8 @@ public int op(final String opName) {
      * how frequently to schedule its own activities without interfering
      * severely with current operational load.
      * 
-     * @return
+     * @return an estimate of the number of bytes read or written per second, or
+     *         -1 if there was no recent activity
      */
     synchronized long recentCharge() {
         final long now = System.nanoTime();
@@ -438,7 +439,7 @@ synchronized long recentCharge() {
      * 
      * @param args
      *            Specify one argument in the form file=<pathname>
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws Exception if an error occurs while reading or dumping the log
      */
     public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {
         final ArgParser ap = new ArgParser("com.persistit.IOMeter", args, new String[] { "file||log file name",
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/IntegrityCheck.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/IntegrityCheck.java
index a61c1e1631..2857e3757c 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/IntegrityCheck.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/IntegrityCheck.java
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ public void setSuspendUpdates(final boolean suspendUpdates) {
      * Control output format. When CSV mode is enabled, the output is organized
      * as comma-separated-variable text that can be imported into a spreadsheet.
      * 
-     * @param csvMode
+     * @param csvMode <code>true</code> to enable CSV output mode
      */
     public void setCsvMode(final boolean csvMode) {
         _csv = csvMode;
@@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ private void reset() {
      * @param volume
      *            The {@link Volume} to check.
      * @return <i>true</i> if the volume is clean (has no Faults).
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     public boolean checkVolume(final Volume volume) throws PersistitException {
         reset();
@@ -819,7 +819,7 @@ public boolean checkVolume(final Volume volume) throws PersistitException {
      * @param tree
      *            The <code>Tree</code> to check.
      * @return <i>true</i> if the volume is clean (has no Faults).
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     public boolean checkTree(final Tree tree) throws PersistitException {
         final String messageStart;
@@ -887,9 +887,9 @@ public boolean checkTree(final Tree tree) throws PersistitException {
      * page is a data page, then we are at the bottom of the tree. Else we
      * recursively checkTree on each of the subordinate pages.
      * 
-     * @param page
-     * @param level
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @param page the page address of the subtree root to check
+     * @param level the level of the page within the tree
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     private void checkTree(final Key parentKey, final long parent, final long page, final int level, final Tree tree)
             throws PersistitException {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/JournalManager.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/JournalManager.java
index 621bbbe6ec..5b3fcbe0fe 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/JournalManager.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/JournalManager.java
@@ -253,10 +253,10 @@ class JournalManager implements JournalManagerMXBean, VolumeHandleLookup {
      * suffix contains twelve digits.)
      * </p>
      *
-     * @param rman
-     * @param path
-     * @param maximumSize
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @param rman the RecoveryManager supplying recovered journal state, or null to start a new journal
+     * @param path the base journal file path (ignored when continuing a recovered journal)
+     * @param maximumSize the maximum size in bytes of each journal file (ignored when continuing a recovered journal)
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     public synchronized void init(final RecoveryManager rman, final String path, final long maximumSize)
             throws PersistitException {
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ public void startJournal() throws PersistitException {
     /**
      * Copy dynamic variables into a {@link Management.JournalInfo} structure.
      *
-     * @param info
+     * @param info the JournalInfo structure to populate
      */
     public synchronized void populateJournalInfo(final Management.JournalInfo info) {
         info.closed = _closed.get();
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ public int urgency() {
      * {@link #urgency()}. When that value is {@value #URGENT} then the delay is
      * {@value #URGENT_COMMIT_DELAY_MILLIS} milliseconds.
      *
-     * @throws PersistitInterruptedException
+     * @throws PersistitInterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
      */
     public void throttle() throws PersistitInterruptedException {
         final long interval = _throttleSleepInterval;
@@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ private long readPageBufferFromJournal(final PageNode pn, final ByteBuffer bb) t
      *            journal address
      * @return pageAddress of the page at the specified location, or -1 if the
      *         address does not reference a valid page
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     Buffer readPageBuffer(final long address) throws PersistitException {
         ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(PA.OVERHEAD);
@@ -910,7 +910,7 @@ private void advance(final int recordSize) {
      * {@link #prepareWriteBuffer(int)} - the write buffer needs to be ready to
      * receive the JH record.
      *
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     synchronized void writeJournalHeader() throws PersistitException {
         JH.putType(_writeBuffer);
@@ -933,7 +933,7 @@ synchronized void writeJournalHeader() throws PersistitException {
      * {@link #prepareWriteBuffer(int)} - the write buffer needs to be ready to
      * receive the JE record.
      *
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     synchronized void writeJournalEnd() throws PersistitException {
         if (_writeBufferAddress != Long.MAX_VALUE) {
@@ -1156,9 +1156,9 @@ void writePageToJournal(final Buffer buffer) throws PersistitException {
     /**
      * package-private for unit tests only.
      *
-     * @param volume
-     * @param handle
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @param volume the volume whose handle mapping is written
+     * @param handle the internal handle assigned to the volume
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     synchronized void writeVolumeHandleToJournal(final Volume volume, final int handle) throws PersistitException {
         prepareWriteBuffer(IV.MAX_LENGTH);
@@ -1216,8 +1216,8 @@ synchronized void writeTreeHandleToJournal(final TreeDescriptor td, final int ha
      *            Journal address of previous TX record written by this
      *            transaction, or 0 if there is to previous record
      *
-     * @return
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @return the journal address at which the TX record was written
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     synchronized long writeTransactionToJournal(final ByteBuffer buffer, final long startTimestamp,
             final long commitTimestamp, final long backchainAddress) throws PersistitException {
@@ -1374,7 +1374,7 @@ void crash() throws IOException {
     /**
      * Flushes the write buffer
      *
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     synchronized long flush() throws PersistitException {
         _persistit.checkFatal();
@@ -1479,7 +1479,7 @@ public void force() throws PersistitException {
      * @param size
      *            Size of record to be written
      * @return <code>true</code> if and only if a new journal file was started
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     private boolean prepareWriteBuffer(final int size) throws PersistitException {
         _persistit.checkFatal();
@@ -1664,7 +1664,7 @@ synchronized FileChannel getFileChannel(final long address) throws PersistitIOEx
      * <p>
      * Does nothing of the <code>appendOnly</code> is set.
      *
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     @Override
     public void copyBack() throws Exception {
@@ -1685,7 +1685,7 @@ public void copyBack() throws Exception {
      * Remove transactions and PageNode entries when possible due to completion
      * of a new checkpoint.
      *
-     * @param checkpoint
+     * @param checkpoint the checkpoint that has just been written
      */
     private void checkpointWritten(final Checkpoint checkpoint) {
 
@@ -1843,7 +1843,7 @@ void pruneObsoleteTransactions(final boolean rollbackPruningEnabled) {
      *            currently pausing, the pause time may be shortened to try to
      *            complete the I/O when requested. In particular, a value of
      *            zero indicates the I/O should start immediately.
-     * @throws PersistitInterruptedException
+     * @throws PersistitInterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
      */
 
     void waitForDurability(final long flushedTimestamp, final long leadTime, final long stallTime)
@@ -2281,7 +2281,7 @@ void start() {
          * General method used to wait for durability. {@See
          * JournalManager#waitForDurability(long, long, long)}.
          *
-         * @throws PersistitInterruptedException
+         * @throws PersistitInterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
          */
         private void waitForDurability(final long flushedTimestamp, final long leadTime, final long stallTime)
                 throws PersistitException {
@@ -2984,7 +2984,7 @@ long getLastValidCheckpointBaseAddress() {
     /**
      * For use only by unit tests that test page maps, etc.
      *
-     * @param handleToVolumeMap
+     * @param handleToVolumeMap the handle-to-volume map entries to inject
      */
     synchronized void unitTestInjectVolumes(final Map<Integer, Volume> handleToVolumeMap) {
         _handleToVolumeMap.putAll(handleToVolumeMap);
@@ -2993,7 +2993,7 @@ synchronized void unitTestInjectVolumes(final Map<Integer, Volume> handleToVolum
     /**
      * For use only by unit tests that test page maps, etc.
      *
-     * @param pageMap
+     * @param pageMap the page map entries to inject
      */
     void unitTestInjectPageMap(final Map<PageNode, PageNode> pageMap) {
         _pageMap.putAll(pageMap);
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/JournalTool.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/JournalTool.java
index 4db161a044..03d218e79d 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/JournalTool.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/JournalTool.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /**
  * Copyright 2005-2012 Akiban Technologies, Inc.
- * 
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
+ *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
@@ -404,9 +405,9 @@ public void scan() throws Exception {
      * @return The record type: one of the type values specified in
      *         {@link com.persistit.JournalRecord}), 0 if the journal file has
      *         fewer than 16 bytes remaining or -t where t is an invalid type.
-     * @throws CorruptJournalException
-     * @throws PersistitException
-     * @throws JournalNotClosedException
+     * @throws CorruptJournalException if the journal contains a corrupt record
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
+     * @throws JournalNotClosedException if the journal was not closed cleanly
      */
     private int scanOneRecord() throws Exception {
 
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Key.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Key.java
index e5d718a8e5..01636af565 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Key.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Key.java
@@ -962,8 +962,8 @@ public void copyTo(final Key key) {
     /**
      * Construct a <code>Key</code> with a maximum length of
      * {@value #MAX_KEY_LENGTH}.
-     * 
-     * @param persistit
+     *
+     * @param persistit the Persistit instance
      */
     public Key(final Persistit persistit) {
         this(persistit, MAX_KEY_LENGTH);
@@ -1079,8 +1079,8 @@ public int getDepth() {
      * The index is the next position in the backing byte array from which a
      * segment value will be decoded. Applications should usually use the
      * {@link #indexTo} method to set the index to a valid location.
-     * 
-     * @param index
+     *
+     * @param index the position in the backing byte array from which the next segment value will be decoded
      * @return This <code>Key</code>, to permit method call chaining
      */
     public Key setIndex(final int index) {
@@ -1221,8 +1221,8 @@ public int compareKeyFragment(final Key key, final int fragmentStart, final int
      * positive integer if the next segment of this <code>Key</code> is larger
      * than the next segment of the supplied <code>Key</code>, a negative
      * integer if it is smaller, or zero if the segments are equal.
-     * 
-     * @param key
+     *
+     * @param key the <code>Key</code> whose next segment is compared to this key's next segment
      * @return the comparison result
      */
     public int compareKeySegment(final Key key) {
@@ -1331,8 +1331,8 @@ public Key clear() {
      * {@value #MAX_KEY_LENGTH_UPPER_BOUND}. As a side-effect, this method also
      * calls the {@link #clear()} method.
      * </p>
-     * 
-     * @param size
+     *
+     * @param size the size in bytes of the new backing byte array
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
      *             if the specified size is not valid.
      */
@@ -1818,8 +1818,8 @@ public Key append(final int v) {
 
     /**
      * Encodes an int into a supplied byte array.
-     * 
-     * @param v
+     *
+     * @param v the int value to encode
      * @return size of appended segment
      */
     private int appendIntInternal(final int v) {
@@ -2166,8 +2166,8 @@ public Key append(final Object object, final CoderContext context) {
      * Append the next key segment of the supplied <code>Key</code> to this
      * <code>Key</code>. The next key segment is determined by the current index
      * of the key and can be set using the {@link #setIndex(int)} method.
-     * 
-     * @param key
+     *
+     * @param key the <code>Key</code> whose next segment is appended to this key
      */
     public Key appendKeySegment(final Key key) {
         final int save = _size;
@@ -3690,9 +3690,9 @@ private int getTypeCode() {
 
     /**
      * Implementation of String decoding
-     * 
-     * @param quoted
-     * @param sb
+     *
+     * @param quoted <code>true</code> to emit a quoted, displayable representation of the string
+     * @param sb the <code>Appendable</code> to which the decoded string is written
      */
     private Appendable decodeString(final boolean quoted, final Appendable sb) {
         int index = _index;
@@ -3919,8 +3919,8 @@ private int quoteNulls(final int index, int size, final boolean zeroByteFree) {
      * Converts a key segment in quoted form to raw form. In quoted form, the
      * bytes NUL and SOH (0 and 1) are represented by the two-byte sequence (1,
      * C) where C is 32 for NUL or 33 for SOH.
-     * 
-     * @param index
+     *
+     * @param index the starting offset within the backing byte array of the segment to unquote
      * @return The unquoted length of the array.
      */
     private int unquoteNulls(final int index, final boolean zeroByteFree) {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/KeyFilter.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/KeyFilter.java
index 0befb0cae2..ecd909e749 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/KeyFilter.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/KeyFilter.java
@@ -409,8 +409,8 @@ public KeyFilter(final Key key, final int minDepth, final int maxDepth) {
      * <code>KeyFilter</code> if and only if each of the first min(<i>M</i>,
      * <i>N</i>) segments of <i>K</i> is selected by the corresponding member of
      * the <code>terms</code> array.
-     * 
-     * @param terms
+     *
+     * @param terms The <code>Term</code> array
      */
     public KeyFilter(final Term[] terms) {
         this(terms, 0, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
@@ -1507,11 +1507,13 @@ public boolean next(final Key key, final Key.Direction direction) {
      * Process the a Term in the KeyFilter. The first <code>level</code> terms
      * of the KeyFilter have already been satisfied.
      * 
-     * @param key
-     * @param index
-     * @param level
-     * @param forward
-     * @param eq
+     * @param key the key being advanced to the next matching value
+     * @param index the byte offset within the key's encoded bytes at which the
+     *            current term begins
+     * @param level the index of the term being processed
+     * @param forward <code>true</code> to find a successor key,
+     *            <code>false</code> to find a predecessor
+     * @param eq whether an exact match at the current position is acceptable
      * @return whether there may be more matching keys
      */
     private boolean next(final Key key, final int index, final int level, final boolean forward, final boolean eq) {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/KeyParser.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/KeyParser.java
index 3fc768a06d..4ba2d1f287 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/KeyParser.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/KeyParser.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 
 package com.persistit;
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ public int getIndex() {
      * Attempt to parse a chunk of the source string as a key segment. If
      * successful, append the segment to the key.
      * 
-     * @param key
+     * @param key the <code>Key</code> to which the parsed segment is appended
      * @return <code>true</code> a valid key segment was parsed
      */
     private boolean parseKeySegment(final Key key) {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/LongRecordHelper.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/LongRecordHelper.java
index 3cd41d2242..1430d070ac 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/LongRecordHelper.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/LongRecordHelper.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /**
  * Copyright 2012 Akiban Technologies, Inc.
- * 
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
+ *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
@@ -57,9 +58,9 @@ class LongRecordHelper {
      * Value. This will replace the byte array in that value with the actual
      * long value.
      * 
-     * @param value
-     * @param minimumBytesToFetch
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @param value the Value containing the LONG_RECORD pointer to decode
+     * @param minimumBytesToFetch the minimum number of bytes to fetch
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     void fetchLongRecord(final Value value, final int minimumBytesToFetch, final long timeout)
             throws PersistitException {
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ void fetchLongRecord(final Value value, final int minimumBytesToFetch, final lon
      *            indicates whether this operation is within the context of a
      *            transaction.
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     long storeLongRecord(final Value value, final boolean inTxn) throws PersistitException {
         value.changeLongRecordMode(true);
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Management.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Management.java
index 3ad7f4f755..57ed036081 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Management.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Management.java
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public interface Management extends Remote, ManagementMXBean {
      * 
      * @param fast
      *            <code>true</code> to copy pages at maximum speed.
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     public void setJournalCopyingFast(boolean fast) throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ public interface Management extends Remote, ManagementMXBean {
      * 
      * @return <code>true</code> if the attempt to close Persistit was
      *         successful; otherwise <code>false</code>
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     public boolean close() throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ public interface Management extends Remote, ManagementMXBean {
      * 
      * @return Array of LogicalRecord objects
      * 
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     public LogicalRecord[] getLogicalRecordArray(String volumeName, String treeName, String keyFilterString,
             KeyState fromKey, Key.Direction direction, int maxRecordCount, int maxValueBytes, boolean decodeStrings)
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ public LogicalRecord[] getLogicalRecordArray(String volumeName, String treeName,
      * the Journal.
      * 
      * @return the JournalInfo
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     public JournalInfo getJournalInfo() throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ public LogicalRecord[] getLogicalRecordArray(String volumeName, String treeName,
      * the recovery process.
      * 
      * @return the JournalInfo
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     public RecoveryInfo getRecoveryInfo() throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ public LogicalRecord[] getLogicalRecordArray(String volumeName, String treeName,
      * and rollback information.
      * 
      * @return the TransactionInfo
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     public TransactionInfo getTransactionInfo() throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ public LogicalRecord[] getLogicalRecordArray(String volumeName, String treeName,
      * @return The traversed count, and a value of the key associated with the
      *         last record traversed.
      * 
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
 
     public LogicalRecordCount getLogicalRecordCount(String volumeName, String treeName, String keyFilterString,
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ public BufferInfo[] getBufferInfoArray(int bufferSize, int traversalType, String
      *            having depth d.
      * @return a <code>BufferInfo</code> object reflecting the selected page, or
      *         <code>null</code> if the specified tree does not exist.
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     public BufferInfo getBufferInfo(String volumeName, String treeName, KeyState key, int level) throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ public int populateBufferInfoArray(BufferInfo[] results, int bufferSize, int tra
      *            Fully qualified class name.
      * @return The <code>Class</code>, or <code>null</code> if an exception
      *         occurred while attempting to acquire the Class.
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     public Class<?> getRemoteClass(String className) throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -472,8 +472,8 @@ public int populateBufferInfoArray(BufferInfo[] results, int bufferSize, int tra
      * is no unique volume corresponding with the supplied name, then this
      * method returns <code>null</code>.
      * 
-     * @param volumeName
-     * 
+     * @param volumeName The name (or unique partial name) of the volume
+     *
      * @return the <code>VolumeInfo</code>
      */
     public VolumeInfo getVolumeInfo(String volumeName) throws RemoteException;
@@ -514,12 +514,12 @@ public int populateBufferInfoArray(BufferInfo[] results, int bufferSize, int tra
      * character in the supplied String, or -1 if the string is a valid String
      * representation of a KeyFilter.
      * 
-     * @param keyFilterString
-     * 
+     * @param keyFilterString The String representation of a <code>KeyFilter</code> to validate
+     *
      * @return index of first invalid character in the supplied
      *         <code>keyFilterString</code>, or -1 if the string is valid.
      * 
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     public int parseKeyFilterString(String keyFilterString) throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ public int populateBufferInfoArray(BufferInfo[] results, int bufferSize, int tra
      *            used in decoding the value. May be <code>null</code>.
      * 
      * @return Array of zero or more decoded objects
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     public Object[] decodeValueObjects(ValueState valueState, CoderContext context) throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ public int populateBufferInfoArray(BufferInfo[] results, int bufferSize, int tra
      * 
      * @return Array of decoded key segments
      * 
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     public Object[] decodeKeyObjects(KeyState keyState, CoderContext context) throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ public int populateBufferInfoArray(BufferInfo[] results, int bufferSize, int tra
      *            Verbosity level, one of {@link Task#LOG_NORMAL} or
      *            {@link Task#LOG_VERBOSE}.
      * @return Task identifier Unique ID for the running task
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     public long startTask(String description, String owner, String commandLine, long maximumTime, int verbosity)
             throws RemoteException;
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ public long startTask(String description, String owner, String commandLine, long
      * @param description
      *            description identifying what the task is doing
      * @return the taskId as a String, or other status information
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     public String launch(final Task task, final String description) throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ public long startTask(String description, String owner, String commandLine, long
      * 
      * @return Array of <code>TaskStatus</code> objects indicating status of
      *         selected task(s).
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     public TaskStatus[] queryTaskStatus(long taskId, boolean details, boolean clearMessages) throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ public long startTask(String description, String owner, String commandLine, long
      *            status
      * @return Array of <code>TaskStatus</code> objects indicating status of
      *         selected task(s).
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     public TaskStatus[] queryTaskStatus(long taskId, boolean details, boolean clearMessages, boolean clearTasks)
             throws RemoteException;
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ public TaskStatus[] queryTaskStatus(long taskId, boolean details, boolean clearM
      * @param suspend
      *            <code>true</code> to suspend the task, <code>false</code> to
      *            allow it to resume.
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     public void setTaskSuspended(long taskId, boolean suspend) throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ public TaskStatus[] queryTaskStatus(long taskId, boolean details, boolean clearM
      * 
      * @param taskId
      *            Task ID for a selected Task, or -1 for all Tasks.
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     public void stopTask(long taskId, boolean remove) throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -687,7 +687,7 @@ public TaskStatus[] queryTaskStatus(long taskId, boolean details, boolean clearM
      * @param taskId
      *            Task ID for a selected task, or -1 for all tasks.
      * 
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     public void removeFinishedTasks(long taskId) throws RemoteException;
 
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/ManagementImpl.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/ManagementImpl.java
index 3140c0243b..206c669476 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/ManagementImpl.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/ManagementImpl.java
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ public boolean isUpdateSuspended() {
      * enabled, Persistit will delay each Thread that attempts to perform an
      * update operation indefinitely.
      * 
-     * @param suspended
+     * @param suspended <code>true</code> to suspend all update operations; otherwise <code>false</code>
      */
     @Override
     public void setUpdateSuspended(final boolean suspended) {
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ public void setAppendOnly(final boolean suspended) {
      * 
      * @param fast
      *            <code>true</code> to copy pages at maximum speed.
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote error occurs
      */
     @Override
     public void setJournalCopyingFast(final boolean fast) throws RemoteException {
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ public void setDefaultCommitPolicy(final String policyName) {
      * 
      * @return <code>true</code> if the attempt to close Persistit was
      *         successful; otherwise <code>false</code>
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote error occurs
      */
     @Override
     public boolean close() throws RemoteException {
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ public boolean close() throws RemoteException {
      * Attempts to flush and force all dirty data in Persistit by invoking
      * {@link Persistit#flush} and {@link Persistit#force}.
      * 
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote error occurs
      */
     @Override
     public void flushAndForce() throws RemoteException {
@@ -491,10 +491,10 @@ public LogicalRecordCount getLogicalRecordCount(final String volumeName, final S
      * causes the attempt to retrieve records to fail, then this method returns
      * an empty array.
      * 
-     * @param volumeName
-     * 
-     * @param pageAddress
-     * 
+     * @param volumeName the name of the volume
+     *
+     * @param pageAddress the page address within the volume
+     *
      * @return the array
      */
     @Override
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ public BufferInfo getBufferInfo(final String volumeName, final long pageAddress)
      *            having depth d.
      * @return a <code>BufferInfo</code> object reflecting the selected page, or
      *         <code>null</code> if the specified tree does not exist.
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote error occurs
      */
     @Override
     public BufferInfo getBufferInfo(final String volumeName, final String treeName, final KeyState key, final int level)
@@ -809,8 +809,8 @@ public VolumeInfo[] getVolumeInfoArray() {
      * is no unique volume corresponding with the supplied name, then this
      * method returns <code>null</code>.
      * 
-     * @param volumeName
-     * 
+     * @param volumeName the name of the volume
+     *
      * @return the <code>VolumeInfo</code>
      */
     @Override
@@ -911,7 +911,7 @@ public TreeInfo getTreeInfo(final String volumeName, final String treeName) thro
      *            Fully qualified class name.
      * @return The <code>Class</code>, or <code>null</code> if an exception
      *         occurred while attempting to acquire the Class.
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote error occurs
      */
     @Override
     public Class getRemoteClass(final String className) throws RemoteException {
@@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ public int parseKeyFilterString(final String keyFilterString) throws RemoteExcep
      * 
      * @return              Array of zero or more Objects encoded
      *                      in the <code>ValueState</code>
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote error occurs
      */
     @Override
     public Object[] decodeValueObjects(final ValueState valueState, final CoderContext context) throws RemoteException {
@@ -992,10 +992,12 @@ public Object[] decodeValueObjects(final ValueState valueState, final CoderConte
      *            Representation of an encoded {@link Key}.
      * 
      * @param context
-     * 
-     * @return
-     * 
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     *            Object passed to any {@link ValueCoder} used in decoding the
+     *            key segments. May be <code>null</code>
+     *
+     * @return Array of Objects, one per key segment
+     *
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote error occurs
      */
     @Override
     public Object[] decodeKeyObjects(final KeyState keyState, final CoderContext context) throws RemoteException {
@@ -1031,7 +1033,7 @@ public Object[] decodeKeyObjects(final KeyState keyState, final CoderContext con
      *            Verbosity level, one of {@link Task#LOG_NORMAL} or
      *            {@link Task#LOG_NORMAL}.
      * @return Task identifier Unique ID for the running task
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote error occurs
      */
     @Override
     public synchronized long startTask(final String description, final String owner, final String commandLine,
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/MediatedFileChannel.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/MediatedFileChannel.java
index 555184b83b..54892aa325 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/MediatedFileChannel.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/MediatedFileChannel.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 
 package com.persistit;
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ private void handleClosedChannelException(final ClosedChannelException cce) thro
      * checks the status of the existing channel because multiple threads might
      * receive AsynchronousCloseException
      * 
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     private synchronized void openChannel() throws IOException {
         if (isOpen() && (_channel == null || !_channel.isOpen())) {
@@ -341,7 +342,7 @@ public long write(final ByteBuffer[] arg0, final int arg1, final int arg2) throw
      * provided as an argument must implement TestChannelInjector so that this
      * method can hook it up properly.
      * 
-     * @param channel
+     * @param channel the replacement <code>FileChannel</code> to delegate to
      */
     void injectChannelForTests(final FileChannel channel) {
         ((TestChannelInjector) channel).setChannel(_channel);
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Persistit.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Persistit.java
index bbea6343b6..8c4c9841d5 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Persistit.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Persistit.java
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ public Persistit(final Properties properties) throws PersistitException {
    * control the creation of a functional <code>Persistit</code> within the
    * {@link #initialize()} method. The configuration may only be set once.
    * 
-   * @param configuration
+   * @param configuration the <code>Configuration</code> to apply to this instance
    * @throws IllegalStateException
    *             if the <code>Configuration</code> has already been set
    */
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ public void setProperties(final Properties properties) {
    * pending updates are written before the JVM exit.
    * </p>
    * 
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error prevents initialization
    */
   public synchronized void initialize() throws PersistitException {
     if (isInitialized()) {
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ public synchronized void initialize() throws PersistitException {
    *
    * @param propertiesFileName
    *            The path to the properties file.
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error prevents initialization
    */
   @Deprecated
   public void initialize(final String propertiesFileName) throws PersistitException {
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ public void initialize(final String propertiesFileName) throws PersistitExceptio
    * @param properties
    *            The <code>Properties</code> instance from which to build the
    *            configuration
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error prevents initialization
    */
   @Deprecated
   public void initialize(final Properties properties) throws PersistitException {
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ public void initialize(final Properties properties) throws PersistitException {
    * @param configuration
    *            The <code>Configuration</code> from which to initialize
    *            Persistit
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error prevents initialization
    */
   @Deprecated
   public void initialize(final Configuration configuration) throws PersistitException {
@@ -844,7 +844,7 @@ void removeVolume(final Volume volume) throws PersistitInterruptedException {
    *            <code>true</code> to create a new Tree if one by the specified
    *            name does not already exist.
    * 
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs while acquiring the <code>Exchange</code>
    */
   public Exchange getExchange(final Volume volume, final String treeName, final boolean create)
     throws PersistitException {
@@ -906,7 +906,7 @@ public Exchange getExchange(final Volume volume, final String treeName, final bo
    *            <code>true</code> to create a new Tree if one by the specified
    *            name does not already exist.
    * 
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs while acquiring the <code>Exchange</code>
    */
   public Exchange getExchange(final String volumeName, final String treeName, final boolean create)
     throws PersistitException {
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ public Exchange getExchange(final String volumeName, final String treeName, fina
    *            The <code>Exchange</code> to release to the pool. If
    *            <code>null</code> , this method returns silently.
    * 
-   * @throws IllegalStateException
+   * @throws IllegalStateException if the <code>Exchange</code> is already in the pool
    */
   public void releaseExchange(final Exchange exchange) {
     releaseExchange(exchange, false);
@@ -968,7 +968,7 @@ public void releaseExchange(final Exchange exchange) {
    *            <code>true</code> to clear all state information;
    *            <code>false</code> to leave the state unchanged.
    * 
-   * @throws IllegalStateException
+   * @throws IllegalStateException if the <code>Exchange</code> is already in the pool
    */
   public void releaseExchange(final Exchange exchange, final boolean secure) {
     if (exchange == null) {
@@ -1008,9 +1008,9 @@ public List<Volume> getVolumes() {
    * has a Volume-only selector (no tree pattern was specified), then this
    * method adds the Volume's directory Tree to the list.
    * 
-   * @param selector
+   * @param selector the <code>TreeSelector</code> that determines which <code>Tree</code>s are selected
    * @return the List
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs while enumerating <code>Tree</code>s
    */
   public List<Tree> getSelectedTrees(final TreeSelector selector) throws PersistitException {
     final List<Tree> list = new ArrayList<Tree>();
@@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ public List<Tree> getSelectedTrees(final TreeSelector selector) throws Persistit
    * 
    * @return The <code>Volume</code>
    * 
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if the volume cannot be opened or created
    */
   public Volume loadVolume(final String vstring) throws PersistitException {
     final VolumeSpecification volumeSpec = _configuration.volumeSpecification(vstring);
@@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@ public Volume loadVolume(final String vstring) throws PersistitException {
    * 
    * @return The <code>Volume</code>
    * 
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if the volume cannot be opened or created
    */
   public Volume loadVolume(final VolumeSpecification volumeSpec) throws PersistitException {
     Volume volume = getVolume(volumeSpec.getName());
@@ -1089,7 +1089,7 @@ public Volume loadVolume(final VolumeSpecification volumeSpec) throws PersistitE
    * unspecified, the system temporary directory..
    * 
    * @return the temporary <code>Volume</code>.
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if the temporary volume cannot be created
    */
   public Volume createTemporaryVolume() throws PersistitException {
     return createTemporaryVolume(temporaryVolumePageSize());
@@ -1109,7 +1109,7 @@ public Volume createTemporaryVolume() throws PersistitException {
    *            8192 or 16384, and the volume will be usable only if there are
    *            buffers of the specified size in the {@link BufferPool}.
    * @return the temporary <code>Volume</code>.
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if the temporary volume cannot be created
    */
   public Volume createTemporaryVolume(final int pageSize) throws PersistitException {
     if (!Volume.isValidPageSize(pageSize)) {
@@ -1140,7 +1140,7 @@ private int temporaryVolumePageSize() {
    *            the Volume to delete
    * @return <code>true</code> if the volume was previously loaded and has
    *         been successfully deleted.
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if the volume cannot be closed or deleted
    */
 
   public boolean deleteVolume(final String volumeName) throws PersistitException {
@@ -1305,7 +1305,7 @@ public Volume getSystemVolume() throws VolumeNotFoundException {
 
   /**
    * @return reserved temporary volume for locks
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if the lock volume cannot be created
    */
   public synchronized Volume getLockVolume() throws PersistitException {
     checkInitialized();
@@ -1413,7 +1413,7 @@ public Checkpoint getCurrentCheckpoint() {
    * closed or not yet initialized, do nothing and return <code>null</code>.
    * 
    * @return the Checkpoint allocated by this process.
-   * @throws PersistitInterruptedException
+   * @throws PersistitInterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting for the checkpoint to be written
    */
   public Checkpoint checkpoint() throws PersistitException {
     if (_closed.get() || !_initialized.get()) {
@@ -1443,7 +1443,7 @@ final long earliestDirtyTimestamp() {
    * condenses the total number of journals as much as possible given the
    * current activity in the system.
    * 
-   * @throws Exception
+   * @throws Exception if an error occurs while copying pages back to their volumes
    */
   public void copyBackPages() throws Exception {
     /*
@@ -1531,7 +1531,7 @@ void cleanup() {
    * Reports status of the <code>max</code> longest-running transactions, in
    * order from oldest to youngest.
    * 
-   * @param max
+   * @param max the maximum number of transactions to report
    * @return status of the <code>max</code> longest-running transactions, in
    *         order from oldest to youngest, reported as a String with one line
    *         per transaction.
@@ -1566,7 +1566,7 @@ public String transactionReport(final int max) {
    * Close the Persistit Journal and all {@link Volume}s. This method is
    * equivalent to {@link #close(boolean) close(true)}.
    *
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs while closing
    */
   public void close() throws PersistitException {
     close(true);
@@ -1624,7 +1624,7 @@ public void close() throws PersistitException {
    *            disk before shutdown completes; <code>false</code> to enable
    *            fast (but incomplete) shutdown.
    *
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs while closing
    */
   public void close(final boolean flush) throws PersistitException {
     if (_initialized.get() && !_closed.get()) {
@@ -1865,7 +1865,7 @@ private void releaseAllResources() {
    * written.
    * 
    * @return <i>true</i> if any file writes were performed, else <i>false</i>.
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs while flushing
    */
   public boolean flush() throws PersistitException {
     if (_closed.get() || !_initialized.get()) {
@@ -1973,7 +1973,7 @@ void checkFatal() throws FatalErrorException {
    * {@link #setUpdateSuspended} method controls whether update operations are
    * currently suspended.
    * 
-   * @throws PersistitInterruptedException
+   * @throws PersistitInterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
    */
   public void checkSuspended() throws PersistitInterruptedException {
     while (isUpdateSuspended()) {
@@ -1998,7 +1998,7 @@ public SessionId getSessionId() {
    * extreme care to avoid having two threads with the same SessionId at any
    * time.
    * 
-   * @param sessionId
+   * @param sessionId the <code>SessionId</code> to bind to the current thread
    */
   public void setSessionId(final SessionId sessionId) {
     sessionId.assign();
@@ -2008,7 +2008,7 @@ public void setSessionId(final SessionId sessionId) {
   /**
    * Close the session resources associated with the current thread.
    * 
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs while closing the session
    */
   void closeSession() throws PersistitException {
     final SessionId sessionId = _sessionIdThreadLocal.get();
@@ -2153,7 +2153,7 @@ public Object getPersistitGuiContainer() {
    * instances of {@link com.persistit.encoding.ValueCoder} and
    * {@link com.persistit.encoding.KeyCoder}.
    * 
-   * @param coderManager
+   * @param coderManager the <code>CoderManager</code> to install
    */
   public void setCoderManager(final CoderManager coderManager) {
     _coderManager.set(coderManager);
@@ -2284,7 +2284,7 @@ void pollAlertMonitors(final boolean force) {
    * <code>Volume</code>s and reports detailed results to
    * {@link java.lang.System#out}.
    * 
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs during the integrity check
    */
   public void checkAllVolumes() throws PersistitException {
     final IntegrityCheck icheck = new IntegrityCheck(this);
@@ -2319,9 +2319,9 @@ static long availableHeap() {
    *            If <code>true</code>, sets the shutdown suspend flag. Setting
    *            this flag suspends the {@link #close} method to permit
    *            continued use of the diagnostic GUI.
-   * @throws ClassNotFoundException
-   * @throws IllegalAccessException
-   * @throws InstantiationException
+   * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the diagnostic GUI class cannot be found
+   * @throws IllegalAccessException if the diagnostic GUI class cannot be accessed
+   * @throws InstantiationException if the diagnostic GUI class cannot be instantiated
    */
   public void setupGUI(final boolean suspendShutdown) throws IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException,
     ClassNotFoundException, RemoteException {
@@ -2574,8 +2574,8 @@ long unique() {
    * </ul>
    * 
    * 
-   * @param args
-   * @throws Exception
+   * @param args the command-line arguments
+   * @throws Exception if an error occurs while performing the requested operation
    */
   public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {
     final ArgParser ap = new ArgParser("Persistit", args, ARG_TEMPLATE).strict();
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/PersistitMap.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/PersistitMap.java
index 038bc43654..07339b1c1e 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/PersistitMap.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/PersistitMap.java
@@ -192,12 +192,12 @@ public PersistitMap(final Exchange ex) {
      * Construct a PersistitMap over the range of keys from fromKey (inclusive)
      * to toKey (exclusive)
      * 
-     * @param pm
-     * @param useFrom
-     * @param fromKey
-     * @param useTo
-     * @param toKey
-     * 
+     * @param pm the base <code>PersistitMap</code> over which this submap is created
+     * @param useFrom <code>true</code> if <code>fromKey</code> bounds the start of the range
+     * @param fromKey the inclusive lower bound of the key range
+     * @param useTo <code>true</code> if <code>toKey</code> bounds the end of the range
+     * @param toKey the exclusive upper bound of the key range
+     *
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
      *             if fromKey is after toKey or if either fromKey or toKey is
      *             outside the range of the supplied base PersistitMap
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/RecoveryManager.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/RecoveryManager.java
index 57082c19d5..52c71e8e00 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/RecoveryManager.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/RecoveryManager.java
@@ -594,8 +594,8 @@ File addressToFile(final long address) {
      * checkpoint to <code>branchMap</code>. Updates in <code>branchMap</code>
      * are used only in recovering certain transactions (insertions with
      * LONG_RECORD values).
-     * 
-     * @param pageMap
+     *
+     * @param pageMap the map that receives PageNodes for updates that occurred before the keystone checkpoint
      */
     void collectRecoveredPages(final Map<PageNode, PageNode> pageMap, final Map<PageNode, PageNode> branchMap) {
         if (_lastValidCheckpoint != null) {
@@ -917,9 +917,9 @@ private void read(final long address, final int size) throws PersistitIOExceptio
      * @return The record type: one of the type values specified in
      *         {@link com.persistit.JournalRecord}), 0 if the journal file has
      *         fewer than 16 bytes remaining or -t where t is an invalid type.
-     * @throws CorruptJournalException
-     * @throws PersistitIOException
-     * @throws JournalNotClosedException
+     * @throws CorruptJournalException if the journal is corrupt
+     * @throws PersistitIOException if an I/O error occurs
+     * @throws JournalNotClosedException if the journal was not cleanly closed
      */
     private int scanOneRecord() throws PersistitIOException {
 
@@ -993,10 +993,10 @@ private int scanOneRecord() throws PersistitIOException {
      * Process an IV (identify volume) record in the journal. Adds a handle ->
      * volume descriptor pair to the handle maps.
      * 
-     * @param address
-     * @param timestamp
-     * @param recordSize
-     * @throws PersistitIOException
+     * @param address the journal address of the record
+     * @param timestamp the timestamp of the record
+     * @param recordSize the length of the record in bytes
+     * @throws PersistitIOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     void scanIdentifyVolume(final long address, final long timestamp, final int recordSize) throws PersistitIOException {
         if (recordSize > IV.MAX_LENGTH) {
@@ -1023,10 +1023,10 @@ void scanIdentifyVolume(final long address, final long timestamp, final int reco
      * Processes an IT (identify tree) record in the journal. Adds a handle ->
      * TreeDescriptor entry in the handle maps.
      * 
-     * @param address
-     * @param timestamp
-     * @param recordSize
-     * @throws PersistitIOException
+     * @param address the journal address of the record
+     * @param timestamp the timestamp of the record
+     * @param recordSize the length of the record in bytes
+     * @throws PersistitIOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     void scanIdentifyTree(final long address, final long timestamp, final int recordSize) throws PersistitIOException {
         if (recordSize > IT.MAX_LENGTH) {
@@ -1059,10 +1059,10 @@ void scanIdentifyTree(final long address, final long timestamp, final int record
     /**
      * Process a PA (page) record in the journal. Adds an entry to the Page Map.
      * 
-     * @param address
-     * @param timestamp
-     * @param recordSize
-     * @throws PersistitIOException
+     * @param address the journal address of the record
+     * @param timestamp the timestamp of the record
+     * @param recordSize the length of the record in bytes
+     * @throws PersistitIOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     void scanLoadPage(final long address, final long timestamp, final int recordSize) throws PersistitIOException {
         if (recordSize > Buffer.MAX_BUFFER_SIZE + PA.OVERHEAD) {
@@ -1304,8 +1304,8 @@ void scanCheckpoint(final long address, final long timestamp, final int recordSi
      * records are read; these files are needed only to complete committed
      * transactions and to supply pages from the page map.
      * 
-     * @param generation
-     * @throws PersistitIOException
+     * @param generation the journal file generation to validate
+     * @throws PersistitIOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     private void validateMemberFile(final long generation) throws PersistitIOException {
         final File file = JournalManager.generationToFile(_journalFilePath, generation);
@@ -1434,8 +1434,8 @@ public void buildRecoveryPlan() throws PersistitIOException, PersistitInterrupte
     /**
      * Called during Phase 2 to record the FileAddress of a Transaction Update
      * record in the journal.
-     * 
-     * @throws CorruptJournalException
+     *
+     * @throws CorruptJournalException if the journal is corrupt
      */
     void scanOneTransaction(final long address, final long startTimestamp, final int recordSize)
             throws PersistitIOException {
@@ -1567,7 +1567,7 @@ public void applyAllRecoveredTransactions(final TransactionPlayerListener commit
      *            displaying error messages
      * @param timestamp
      *            timestamp of the transaction
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     void convertToLongRecord(final Value value, final int treeHandle, final long from, final long timestamp)
             throws PersistitException {
@@ -1736,9 +1736,9 @@ boolean analyze() throws Exception {
     /**
      * Read and display information about a journal. Read-only - does not change
      * any file.
-     * 
-     * @param args
-     * @throws Exception
+     *
+     * @param args the command-line arguments
+     * @throws Exception if an error occurs
      */
     public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {
         final String[] template = {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/SharedResource.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/SharedResource.java
index b235d7b891..3daa53f080 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/SharedResource.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/SharedResource.java
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ protected int tryAcquireShared(final int arg) {
          * 
          * TODO - prove that caller already a reader claim
          * 
-         * @return
+         * @return <code>true</code> if the claim was upgraded to exclusive
          */
         private boolean tryUpgrade() {
             for (;;) {
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ Persistit getPersistit() {
      * Sets bits in the state. This method does not change the bits used by the
      * synchronizer to maintain lock state.
      * 
-     * @param resource
+     * @param resource the resource whose status bits are copied into this resource's state
      */
     void setStatus(final SharedResource resource) {
         final int mask = resource.getStatus();
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/StreamSaver.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/StreamSaver.java
index 5d2b3a77fe..d086700b89 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/StreamSaver.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/StreamSaver.java
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ public StreamSaver(final Persistit persistit, final DataOutputStream dos) {
      * 
      * @param file
      *            The File to which data will be saved
-     * @throws FileNotFoundException
+     * @throws FileNotFoundException if the file cannot be opened
      */
     public StreamSaver(final Persistit persistit, final File file) throws FileNotFoundException {
         this(persistit, new DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file), DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE)));
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ static StreamSaver createTask(@Arg("file|string:|Save to file") final String fil
      * 
      * @param pathName
      *            The path name of the file to which data will be saved
-     * @throws FileNotFoundException
+     * @throws FileNotFoundException if the file cannot be opened
      */
     public StreamSaver(final Persistit persistit, final String pathName) throws FileNotFoundException {
         this(persistit, new DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(pathName),
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ public StreamSaver(final Persistit persistit, final String pathName) throws File
      *            The File to which data will be saved
      * @param bufferSize
      *            The buffer size
-     * @throws FileNotFoundException
+     * @throws FileNotFoundException if the file cannot be opened
      */
     public StreamSaver(final Persistit persistit, final File file, final int bufferSize) throws FileNotFoundException {
         this(persistit, new DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file), bufferSize)));
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ public StreamSaver(final Persistit persistit, final File file, final int bufferS
      *            The path name of the file to which data will be saved
      * @param bufferSize
      *            The buffer size
-     * @throws FileNotFoundException
+     * @throws FileNotFoundException if the file cannot be opened
      */
     public StreamSaver(final Persistit persistit, final String pathName, final int bufferSize)
             throws FileNotFoundException {
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ public void setCycleCount(final int count) {
      * indicates that the save file represents all the records requested by the
      * save operation.
      * 
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     public void close() throws IOException {
         writeTimestamp();
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ public void close() throws IOException {
      * 
      * @param exchange
      *            The <code>Exchange</code>
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     protected void writeData(final Exchange exchange) throws IOException {
         if (_lastVolume != exchange.getVolume()) {
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ protected void writeData(final Exchange exchange) throws IOException {
      *            The <code>Key</code>
      * @param value
      *            The <code>Value</code>
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     protected void writeData(final Key key, final Value value) throws IOException {
         final int elisionCount = key.firstUniqueByteIndex(_lastKey);
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ protected void writeData(final Key key, final Value value) throws IOException {
      * preceded by three FILL records to allow for easier inspection of the save
      * file.
      * 
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     protected void writeRecordCount(final long dataRecordCount, final long otherRecordCount) throws IOException {
         _dos.writeChar(RECORD_TYPE_FILL);
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ protected void writeRecordCount(final long dataRecordCount, final long otherReco
      * 
      * @param exchange
      *            The <code>Exchange</code>
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     protected void writeVolumeInfo(final Exchange exchange) throws IOException {
         writeVolumeInfo(exchange.getVolume());
@@ -348,8 +348,8 @@ protected void writeVolumeInfo(final Exchange exchange) throws IOException {
      * recreate a new, empty <code>Tree</code> having the same name as the
      * <code>Tree</code> being saved.
      * 
-     * @param exchange
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @param exchange The <code>Exchange</code>
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     protected void writeTreeInfo(final Exchange exchange) throws IOException {
         writeTreeInfo(exchange.getTree());
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ protected void writeTreeInfo(final Exchange exchange) throws IOException {
      * 
      * @param volume
      *            The <code>Volume</code>
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     protected void writeVolumeInfo(final Volume volume) throws IOException {
         _dos.writeChar(RECORD_TYPE_VOLUME_ID);
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ protected void writeVolumeInfo(final Volume volume) throws IOException {
      * 
      * @param tree
      *            The <code>Tree</code>
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     protected void writeTreeInfo(final Tree tree) throws IOException {
         _dos.writeChar(RECORD_TYPE_TREE_ID);
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ protected void writeTreeInfo(final Tree tree) throws IOException {
     /**
      * Writes a TIMESTAMP record containing the current system time.
      * 
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     protected void writeTimestamp() throws IOException {
         _dos.writeChar(RECORD_TYPE_TIMESTAMP);
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ protected void writeTimestamp() throws IOException {
      * 
      * @param comment
      *            The comment string
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     protected void writeComment(final String comment) throws IOException {
         _dos.writeChar(RECORD_TYPE_COMMENT);
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ protected void writeComment(final String comment) throws IOException {
      * 
      * @param exception
      *            The <code>Exception</code>
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     protected void writeException(final Exception exception) throws IOException {
         _dos.writeChar(RECORD_TYPE_EXCEPTION);
@@ -441,8 +441,8 @@ protected void writeException(final Exception exception) throws IOException {
      *            The <code>Exchange</code>
      * @param filter
      *            The <code>KeyFilter</code>
-     * @throws PersistitException
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     public void save(final Exchange exchange, final KeyFilter filter) throws PersistitException, IOException {
         postMessage("Saving Tree " + exchange.getTree().getName() + " in volume " + exchange.getVolume().getPath()
@@ -474,8 +474,8 @@ public void save(final Exchange exchange, final KeyFilter filter) throws Persist
      *            The volume name, or a substring that matches only one volume.
      * @param selectedTreeNames
      *            An array names of the trees to be saved.
-     * @throws PersistitException
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     public void saveTrees(final String volumeName, final String[] selectedTreeNames) throws PersistitException,
             IOException {
@@ -491,8 +491,8 @@ public void saveTrees(final String volumeName, final String[] selectedTreeNames)
      *            The <code>Volume</code>
      * @param selectedTreeNames
      *            An array names of the trees to be saved.
-     * @throws PersistitException
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     public void saveTrees(final Volume volume, final String[] selectedTreeNames) throws PersistitException, IOException {
         final String[] treeNames = volume.getTreeNames();
@@ -527,8 +527,8 @@ public void saveTrees(final Volume volume, final String[] selectedTreeNames) thr
      * @param treeSelector
      *            The <code>TreeSelector</code>s to select volumes, trees, and
      *            KeyFilters within trees.
-     * @throws PersistitException
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     public void saveTrees(final TreeSelector treeSelector) throws PersistitException, IOException {
         final List<Tree> trees = _persistit.getSelectedTrees(treeSelector);
@@ -561,8 +561,8 @@ public void saveTrees(final TreeSelector treeSelector) throws PersistitException
     /**
      * Save all trees in all open volumes.
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     public void saveAll() throws PersistitException, IOException {
 
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Task.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Task.java
index e5f39ff895..88d0ead8d9 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Task.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Task.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /**
  * Copyright 2005-2012 Akiban Technologies, Inc.
- * 
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
+ *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
@@ -179,8 +180,9 @@ protected Task(final Persistit persistit) {
 
     /**
      * Set the Persistit instance to be accessed by this Task.
-     * 
+     *
      * @param persistit
+     *            the Persistit instance to be accessed by this Task
      */
     public void setPersistit(final Persistit persistit) {
         _persistit = persistit;
@@ -188,8 +190,9 @@ public void setPersistit(final Persistit persistit) {
 
     /**
      * Called by a newly created <code>Thread</code> to perform the task.
-     * 
+     *
      * @throws Exception
+     *             if the task encounters an error while running
      */
     protected abstract void runTask() throws Exception;
 
@@ -299,6 +302,7 @@ protected long now() {
      *            Level at which messages posted by the running task will be
      *            retained in the message log.
      * @throws Exception
+     *             if the task cannot be set up
      */
     public void setup(final long taskId, final String description, final String owner, final long maxTime,
             final int verbosity) throws Exception {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TimelyResource.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TimelyResource.java
index fb8f68151f..9adf8e8697 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TimelyResource.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TimelyResource.java
@@ -163,8 +163,8 @@ public boolean isEmpty() throws TimeoutException, PersistitInterruptedException
      * 
      * @return Whether this resource exists only within the context of the
      *         current transaction.
-     * @throws TimeoutException
-     * @throws PersistitInterruptedException
+     * @throws TimeoutException if a timeout occurs while resolving commit status
+     * @throws PersistitInterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
      */
 
     public boolean isTransactionPrivate(final boolean byStep) throws TimeoutException, PersistitInterruptedException {
@@ -230,8 +230,8 @@ synchronized void setPrimordial() {
      * that implements <code>PrunableVersion</code>, invoke its
      * {@link PrunableVersion#prune()} method.
      * 
-     * @throws TimeoutException
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws TimeoutException if a timeout occurs while resolving commit status
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     void prune() throws TimeoutException, PersistitException {
         final List<Entry> entriesToPrune = new ArrayList<Entry>();
@@ -314,10 +314,10 @@ void prune() throws TimeoutException, PersistitException {
      * information. This method checks for write-write dependencies throws a
      * RollbackException if there is a conflict.
      * 
-     * @param entry
-     * @param txn
-     * @throws PersistitInterruptedException
-     * @throws RollbackException
+     * @param entry the Entry containing the version to add
+     * @param txn the transaction on whose behalf the version is added
+     * @throws PersistitInterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
+     * @throws RollbackException if a write-write conflict forces the transaction to roll back
      */
     private void addVersion(final Entry entry, final Transaction txn) throws PersistitInterruptedException,
             RollbackException {
@@ -382,8 +382,8 @@ private void addVersion(final Entry entry, final Transaction txn) throws Persist
      * @param version
      *            versionHandle
      * @return <code>Version</code> for given version handle
-     * @throws TimeoutException
-     * @throws PersistitInterruptedException
+     * @throws TimeoutException if a timeout occurs while resolving commit status
+     * @throws PersistitInterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
      */
     V getVersion(final long version) throws TimeoutException, PersistitInterruptedException {
         final Entry e = getEntry(version);
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Transaction.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Transaction.java
index c5306defb2..ad7d653341 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Transaction.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Transaction.java
@@ -498,6 +498,7 @@ static CommitPolicy forName(final String policyName) {
      * only during recovery processing.
      * 
      * @param id
+     *            the transaction identifier to assign to this context
      */
     private Transaction(final Persistit persistit, final SessionId sessionId, final long id) {
         _persistit = persistit;
@@ -514,6 +515,8 @@ private static synchronized long nextId() {
      * transaction if it was abandoned due to thread death.
      * 
      * @throws PersistitException
+     *             if a persistence error occurs while closing the transaction
+     *             context
      */
     void close() throws PersistitException {
         if (_nestedDepth > 0 && !_commitCompleted && !_rollbackCompleted) {
@@ -538,6 +541,8 @@ void close() throws PersistitException {
      * roll-back transition pending.
      * 
      * @throws RollbackException
+     *             if this transaction context has a roll-back transition
+     *             pending
      */
     public void checkPendingRollback() throws RollbackException {
         if (_rollbackPending) {
@@ -930,11 +935,14 @@ public int getNestedTransactionDepth() {
      * </p>
      * 
      * @param runnable
-     * 
+     *            the <code>TransactionRunnable</code> containing logic to
+     *            access and update Persistit data
+     *
      * @return Count of passes needed to complete the transaction. Always 1 on
      *         successful completion.
      * 
      * @throws PersistitException
+     *             if a persistence error occurs during the transaction
      */
     public int run(final TransactionRunnable runnable) throws PersistitException {
         return run(runnable, 0, 0, _persistit.getDefaultTransactionCommitPolicy());
@@ -978,6 +986,7 @@ public int run(final TransactionRunnable runnable) throws PersistitException {
      * @return Count of attempts needed to complete the transaction
      * 
      * @throws PersistitException
+     *             if a persistence error occurs during the transaction
      * @throws RollbackException
      *             If after <code>retryCount+1</code> attempts the transaction
      *             cannot be completed or committed due to concurrent updated
@@ -1050,6 +1059,7 @@ public CommitPolicy getDefaultCommitPolicy() {
      * Set the current default policy
      * 
      * @param policy
+     *            the default <code>CommitPolicy</code> to set
      */
     public void setDefaultCommitPolicy(final CommitPolicy policy) {
         _defaultCommitPolicy = policy;
@@ -1119,9 +1129,13 @@ public int getRolledBackSinceLastCommitCount() {
      * Record a store operation.
      * 
      * @param exchange
+     *            the <code>Exchange</code> that performed the store operation
      * @param key
+     *            the <code>Key</code> at which the value was stored
      * @param value
+     *            the <code>Value</code> that was stored
      * @throws PersistitException
+     *             if a persistence error occurs while recording the operation
      */
     void store(final Exchange exchange, final Key key, final Value value) throws PersistitException {
         if (_nestedDepth > 0) {
@@ -1134,9 +1148,13 @@ void store(final Exchange exchange, final Key key, final Value value) throws Per
      * Record a remove operation.
      * 
      * @param exchange
+     *            the <code>Exchange</code> that performed the remove operation
      * @param key1
+     *            the left edge <code>Key</code> of the removed range
      * @param key2
+     *            the right edge <code>Key</code> of the removed range
      * @throws PersistitException
+     *             if a persistence error occurs while recording the operation
      */
     void remove(final Exchange exchange, final Key key1, final Key key2) throws PersistitException {
         if (_nestedDepth > 0) {
@@ -1149,7 +1167,9 @@ void remove(final Exchange exchange, final Key key1, final Key key2) throws Pers
      * Record a tree delete operation
      * 
      * @param exchange
+     *            the <code>Exchange</code> whose tree was removed
      * @throws PersistitException
+     *             if a persistence error occurs while recording the operation
      */
     void removeTree(final Exchange exchange) throws PersistitException {
         if (_nestedDepth > 0) {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionIndex.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionIndex.java
index 5a3809e80e..20c23b1df2 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionIndex.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionIndex.java
@@ -522,8 +522,8 @@ long commitStatus(final long versionHandle, final long ts, final int step) throw
      * this one and cause inconsistent results.
      * 
      * @return the TransactionStatus.
-     * @throws InterruptedException
-     * @throws TimeoutException
+     * @throws InterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
+     * @throws TimeoutException if the transaction could not be registered within the timeout period
      */
     TransactionStatus registerTransaction() throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
         return registerTransaction(false);
@@ -536,8 +536,8 @@ TransactionStatus registerTransaction() throws TimeoutException, InterruptedExce
      * {@link CheckpointManager#createCheckpoint()}.
      * 
      * @return the TransactionStatus.
-     * @throws InterruptedException
-     * @throws TimeoutException
+     * @throws InterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
+     * @throws TimeoutException if the transaction could not be registered within the timeout period
      */
     TransactionStatus registerCheckpointTransaction() throws TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
         return registerTransaction(true);
@@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ boolean isDeadlocked(final TransactionStatus source) {
      * Atomically decrement the MVV count for the aborted
      * <code>TransactionStatus</code> identified by the suppled version handle.
      * 
-     * @param versionHandle
+     * @param versionHandle the version handle identifying the aborted transaction
      * @return The resulting count
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
      *             if the supplied <code>versionHandle</code> does not identify
@@ -939,7 +939,7 @@ long decrementMvvCount(final long versionHandle) {
     /**
      * Compute hash index for a given timestamp.
      * 
-     * @param ts
+     * @param ts the timestamp to hash
      * @return the hash table index
      */
     private int hashIndex(final long ts) {
@@ -951,8 +951,8 @@ private int hashIndex(final long ts) {
      * bucket. This method is called during recovery processing to register
      * transactions that were
      * 
-     * @param ts
-     * @throws InterruptedException
+     * @param ts the start timestamp of the aborted transaction
+     * @throws InterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
      */
     void injectAbortedTransaction(final long ts) throws InterruptedException {
         final TransactionStatus status;
@@ -1042,8 +1042,8 @@ int resetMVVCounts(final long timestamp) {
 
     /**
      * Compute and return the snapshot value of an Accumulator
-     * 
-     * @throws InterruptedException
+     *
+     * @throws InterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
      */
     long getAccumulatorSnapshot(final Accumulator accumulator, final long timestamp, final int step,
             final long initialValue) throws InterruptedException {
@@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@ long getAccumulatorSnapshot(final Accumulator accumulator, final long timestamp,
      *            checkpoint timestamp
      * @param accumulators
      *            List of Accumulators that need to be check-pointed
-     * @throws InterruptedException
+     * @throws InterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
      */
     void checkpointAccumulatorSnapshots(final long timestamp, final List<Accumulator> accumulators)
             throws InterruptedException {
@@ -1274,8 +1274,8 @@ public int getDroppedCount() {
      * Return the start timestamps of the oldest <code>max</code> transactions
      * currently running.
      * 
-     * @param max
-     * @return
+     * @param max the maximum number of transactions to return
+     * @return an array of the oldest transaction start timestamps, or <code>null</code> if the cache could not be read consistently
      */
     long[] oldestTransactions(final int max) {
         final long[] array = new long[Math.max(max, INITIAL_ACTIVE_TRANSACTIONS_SIZE)];
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionIndexBucket.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionIndexBucket.java
index c8e2e3fa85..0dd0b5bffe 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionIndexBucket.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionIndexBucket.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 
 package com.persistit;
@@ -542,7 +543,7 @@ private void aggregate(final TransactionStatus status, final boolean committed)
      * @throws RetryException
      *             if a TransactionStatus started but had not finished
      *             committing.
-     * @throws InterruptedException
+     * @throws InterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
      */
     long getAccumulatorSnapshot(final Accumulator accumulator, final long timestamp, final int step)
             throws RetryException, InterruptedException {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionPlayer.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionPlayer.java
index 4e62e7f684..754e96e612 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionPlayer.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionPlayer.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 
 package com.persistit;
@@ -306,14 +307,14 @@ public static String addressToString(final long address, final long timestamp) {
      * new tree is determined by the
      * {@link TransactionPlayerListener#createTree(long)} method.
      * 
-     * @param treeHandle
-     * @param from
-     * @param timestamp
-     * @param listener
+     * @param treeHandle the handle identifying the tree to which the operation applies
+     * @param from the journal address from which the operation is read
+     * @param timestamp the timestamp of the recovery operation
+     * @param listener the listener that decides whether a missing tree should be created
      * @return the <code>Exchange</code> on which a recovery operation should be
      *         applied, or <code>null</code> if there is no backing
      *         <code>Tree</code>.
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     private Exchange getExchange(final int treeHandle, final long from, final long timestamp,
             final TransactionPlayerListener listener) throws PersistitException {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionRunnable.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionRunnable.java
index 725d318ef6..4ed8df699a 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionRunnable.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionRunnable.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /**
  * Copyright 2005-2012 Akiban Technologies, Inc.
- * 
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
+ *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
@@ -48,8 +49,8 @@ public interface TransactionRunnable {
      * them.
      * </p>
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
-     * @throws RollbackException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
+     * @throws RollbackException if the transaction must be rolled back
      */
     public void runTransaction() throws PersistitException, RollbackException;
 }
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionStatus.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionStatus.java
index da883cc563..c29c353cf7 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionStatus.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TransactionStatus.java
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class TransactionStatus {
     /**
      * Constructs a partial copy. Used only in diagnostic code.
      * 
-     * @param status
+     * @param status the <code>TransactionStatus</code> to copy
      */
     TransactionStatus(final TransactionStatus status) {
         this._bucket = status._bucket;
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ boolean isNotified() {
      * that until we implement SSI this method is unnecessary, but is included
      * so that unit tests can test the interim state.
      * 
-     * @param timestamp
+     * @param timestamp the commit timestamp
      */
     void commit(final long timestamp) {
         if (timestamp < _ts || timestamp == UNCOMMITTED) {
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ void setMvvCount(final int count) {
      * 
      * @param timeout
      *            in milliseconds
-     * @throws InterruptedException
+     * @throws InterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
      */
     void briefLock(final long timeout) throws InterruptedException {
         boolean locked = false;
@@ -362,9 +362,9 @@ void briefLock(final long timeout) throws InterruptedException {
      * wwDependency until the commit/abort status of the current transaction is
      * known.
      * 
-     * @param timeout
-     * @return
-     * @throws InterruptedException
+     * @param timeout the maximum time to wait, in milliseconds
+     * @return <code>true</code> if the permit was acquired within the timeout
+     * @throws InterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
      */
     boolean wwLock(final long timeout) throws InterruptedException {
         return _wwLock.tryAcquire(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Tree.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Tree.java
index f1e2ff83e8..c711d0d332 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Tree.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Tree.java
@@ -320,8 +320,8 @@ int load(final byte[] bytes, final int index, final int length) {
     /**
      * Initialize a Tree.
      * 
-     * @param rootPageAddr
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @param rootPageAddr the root page address to assign to the tree
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     void setRootPageAddress(final long rootPageAddr) throws PersistitException {
         final TreeVersion version = version();
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ public int getHandle() {
      * Assign and set the tree handle. The tree must may not be a member of a
      * temporary volume.
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     void loadHandle() throws PersistitException {
         assert !_volume.isTemporary() : "Handle allocation for temporary tree " + this;
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ synchronized Accumulator getAccumulator(final Accumulator.Type type, final int i
      * Set the handle used to identify this Tree in the journal. May be invoked
      * only once.
      * 
-     * @param handle
+     * @param handle the handle value to assign
      * @return the handle
      * @throws IllegalStateException
      *             if the handle has already been set
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TreeBuilder.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TreeBuilder.java
index 6be1c27dff..6a6a7a011e 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TreeBuilder.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/TreeBuilder.java
@@ -178,9 +178,10 @@ public Map<Tree, Exchange> initialValue() {
          * added to the _allTrees list - in other words, sorting should leave
          * the list unchanged.
          * 
-         * @param a
-         * @param b
-         * @return
+         * @param a the first tree to compare
+         * @param b the second tree to compare
+         * @return a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as the first
+         *         tree precedes, is equal to, or follows the second tree
          */
         @Override
         public int compare(final Tree a, final Tree b) {
@@ -346,7 +347,8 @@ public final String getName() {
      * Set the count of keys inserted or merged per call to
      * {@link #reportSorted(long)} or {@link #reportMerged(long)}.
      * 
-     * @param multiple
+     * @param multiple the number of keys to insert or merge between successive
+     *            report callbacks
      */
     public final void setReportKeyCountMultiple(final long multiple) {
         _reportKeyCountMultiple = Util.rangeCheck(multiple, 1, Long.MAX_VALUE);
@@ -472,7 +474,7 @@ public final List<File> getSortFileDirectories() {
      * 
      * @param exchange
      *            The Exchange
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws Exception if an error occurs while storing the key-value pair
      */
     public final void store(final Exchange exchange) throws Exception {
         store(exchange.getTree(), exchange.getKey(), exchange.getValue());
@@ -488,7 +490,7 @@ public final void store(final Exchange exchange) throws Exception {
      *            the Key
      * @param value
      *            the Value
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws Exception if an error occurs while storing the key-value pair
      */
     public final void store(final Tree tree, final Key key, final Value value) throws Exception {
         final Map<Tree, Exchange> map = _sortExchangeMapThreadLocal.get();
@@ -547,8 +549,8 @@ private void insertNode(final Map<Node, Node> sorted, final Node node) throws Ex
     /**
      * Merge the record previously stored in sort volumes into their destination
      * <code>Tree</code>s.
-     * 
-     * @throws Exception
+     *
+     * @throws Exception if an error occurs during the merge
      */
     public synchronized void merge() throws Exception {
         finishSortVolume();
@@ -715,7 +717,7 @@ private void saveSortVolume(final Volume volume, final File file) throws Excepti
      *            The temporary <code>Volume</code> that has been filled
      * @param file
      *            the file to which the sorted key-value pairs will be written
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws Exception if the overriding implementation fails
      */
     protected void beforeSortVolumeClosed(final Volume volume, final File file) throws Exception {
 
@@ -733,7 +735,7 @@ protected void beforeSortVolumeClosed(final Volume volume, final File file) thro
      *            The temporary <code>Volume</code> that has been filled
      * @param file
      *            the file to which the sorted key-value pairs have been written
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws Exception if the overriding implementation fails
      */
     protected void afterSortVolumeClose(final Volume volume, final File file) throws Exception {
 
@@ -762,7 +764,7 @@ protected void afterSortVolumeClose(final Volume volume, final File file) throws
      * @throws DuplicateKeyException
      *             if a key being inserted or merged matches a key already
      *             exists
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws Exception if the overriding implementation fails
      */
     protected boolean duplicateKeyDetected(final Tree tree, final Key key, final Value v1, final Value v2)
             throws Exception {
@@ -780,7 +782,7 @@ protected boolean duplicateKeyDetected(final Tree tree, final Key key, final Val
      * @param exchange
      *            represents the key-value pair proposed for merging
      * @return <code>true</code> to allow the record to be merged
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws Exception if the overriding implementation fails
      */
     protected boolean beforeMergeKey(final Exchange exchange) throws Exception {
         return true;
@@ -794,7 +796,7 @@ protected boolean beforeMergeKey(final Exchange exchange) throws Exception {
      * 
      * @param exchange
      *            represents the key-value pair that was merged.
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws Exception if the overriding implementation fails
      */
     protected void afterMergeKey(final Exchange exchange) throws Exception {
 
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Value.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Value.java
index 7e7cdb1729..32ce473f96 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Value.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Value.java
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ public boolean trim(final int newSize) {
    * This method is part of the <a href="#_lowLevelAPI">Low-Level API</a>.
    * </p>
    * 
-   * @param length
+   * @param length the number of bytes to ensure can be appended
    * @return <code>true</code> if the backing byte array was replaced by a
    *         larger array.
    */
@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ public boolean ensureFit(final int length) {
    *            Offset into the target at which the subarray should be copied
    * @param length
    *            Number of bytes to copy
-   * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
+   * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if the specified range is outside the array bounds
    */
   public void copyFromEncodedBytes(final byte[] dest, final int from, final int to, final int length) {
     System.arraycopy(_bytes, from, dest, to, length);
@@ -5209,7 +5209,7 @@ static class ValueCache {
      * Look up the handle for an Object that has already been stored in this
      * Value.
      * 
-     * @param object
+     * @param object the object whose handle is to be found
      * @return The handle, or -1 if the object has not been stored yet.
      */
     int lookup(final Object object) {
@@ -5224,7 +5224,7 @@ int lookup(final Object object) {
     /**
      * Get the object stored with the supplied handle value.
      * 
-     * @param handle
+     * @param handle the handle of the object to retrieve
      * @return The object
      */
     Object get(final int handle) {
@@ -5241,8 +5241,8 @@ Object get(final int handle) {
      * Subsequent lookup and get operations will then be able to find this
      * object or fetch it by handle.
      * 
-     * @param handle
-     * @param object
+     * @param handle the handle to associate with the object
+     * @param object the object to associate with the handle
      * @return previous handle, or -1 if none
      */
     void store(final int handle, final Object object) {
@@ -5389,7 +5389,7 @@ public String toString() {
    * the multi-value versions currently held in this Value object.
    * 
    * @return the list of <code>Version</code>s
-   * @throws PersistitException
+   * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
    */
   List<Version> unpackMvvVersions() throws PersistitException {
     final List<Version> versions = new ArrayList<Version>();
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Version.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Version.java
index 5b6e0a58dd..50d3e9ed5d 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Version.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Version.java
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ interface PrunableVersion extends Version {
          * Called after the last known <code>Version</code> managed by a
          * <code>TimelyResource</code> has been pruned.
          * 
-         * @throws PersistitException
+         * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
          */
         void vacate() throws PersistitException;
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ interface PrunableVersion extends Version {
      * 
      * @author peter
      * 
-     * @param <V>
+     * @param <V> the type of <code>Version</code> created by this factory
      */
     interface VersionCreator<V> {
         V createVersion(final TimelyResource<? extends V> resource) throws PersistitException;
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Volume.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Volume.java
index cec8fd74c6..d90deb2b3a 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Volume.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/Volume.java
@@ -110,9 +110,9 @@ static Volume createLockVolume(final Persistit persistit, final int pageSize, fi
 
     /**
      * Construct a hollow Volume - used by JournalManager
-     * 
-     * @param name
-     * @param id
+     *
+     * @param name the volume name
+     * @param id the volume id
      */
     Volume(final String name, final long id) {
         _name = name;
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ static Volume createLockVolume(final Persistit persistit, final int pageSize, fi
 
     /**
      * Construct a hollow Volume with its specification.
-     * 
-     * @param specification
+     *
+     * @param specification the volume specification
      */
     Volume(final VolumeSpecification specification) {
         this(specification.getName(), specification.getId());
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ void closing() {
      * <code>Volume</code> may no longer be used after this call. Waits up to
      * {@value com.persistit.SharedResource#DEFAULT_MAX_WAIT_TIME} milliseconds
      * for other threads to relinquish access to the volume.
-     * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     *
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     public void close() throws PersistitException {
         close(SharedResource.DEFAULT_MAX_WAIT_TIME);
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ public void close() throws PersistitException {
      * @param timeout
      *            Maximum time in milliseconds to wait for other threads to
      *            relinquish access to the volume.
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     public void close(final long timeout) throws PersistitException {
         closing();
@@ -251,8 +251,8 @@ public void close(final long timeout) throws PersistitException {
      * delete and close the file. Instead, this method truncates the file,
      * rewrites the head page, and invalidates all buffers belonging to this
      * <code>Volume</code> in the {@link BufferPool}.
-     * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     *
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     public void truncate() throws PersistitException {
         if (isReadOnly()) {
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ public void truncate() throws PersistitException {
      * 
      * @return <code>true</code> if the file existed and was successfully
      *         deleted.
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     public boolean delete() throws PersistitException {
         if (!isClosed()) {
@@ -379,12 +379,12 @@ public int getPageSize() {
      * @param createIfNecessary
      *            Determines whether this method will create a new tree if there
      *            is no tree having the specified name.
-     * 
+     *
      * @return The <code>NewTree</code>, or <code>null</code> if
      *         <code>createIfNecessary</code> is false and there is no such tree
      *         in this <code>Volume</code>.
-     * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     *
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     public Tree getTree(final String name, final boolean createIfNecessary) throws PersistitException {
         checkClosing();
@@ -395,8 +395,8 @@ public Tree getTree(final String name, final boolean createIfNecessary) throws P
      * Returns an array of all currently defined <code>Tree</code> names.
      * 
      * @return The array
-     * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     *
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     public String[] getTreeNames() throws PersistitException {
         checkClosing();
@@ -455,8 +455,8 @@ public boolean isReadOnly() {
     /**
      * Open an existing Volume file or create a new one, depending on the
      * settings of the {@link VolumeSpecification}.
-     * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     *
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     synchronized void open(final Persistit persistit) throws PersistitException {
         checkClosing();
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ public int getHandle() {
      * Set the handle used to identify this Tree in the journal. May be invoked
      * only once.
      * 
-     * @param handle
+     * @param handle the handle value to assign
      * @return the handle
      * @throws IllegalStateException
      *             if the handle has already been set
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeHeader.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeHeader.java
index 0130a4a644..5b11eab806 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeHeader.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeHeader.java
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ static boolean changeLastExtensionTime(final byte[] bytes, final long value) {
      * +1 because the stored form of volumes created before 2.6.1 recorded
      * "highestUsedPage" rather than "nextAvailablePage" in this slot.
      * 
-     * @param bytes
+     * @param bytes the volume header bytes
      * @return page address of the next available page
      */
     static long getNextAvailablePage(final byte[] bytes) {
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ static long getNextAvailablePage(final byte[] bytes) {
      * -1 because the stored form of volumes created before 2.6.1 recorded
      * "highestUsedPage" rather than "nextAvailablePage" in this slot.
      * 
-     * @param bytes
+     * @param bytes the volume header bytes
      * @param value
      *            next available page
      * @return whether the supplied value is different from the previously
@@ -293,9 +293,9 @@ static boolean changeGlobalTimestamp(final byte[] bytes, final long value) {
      * 
      * @return <code>true</code> if and only if there already exists a Volume
      *         file.
-     * @throws InvalidVolumeSpecificationException
-     * @throws CorruptVolumeException
-     * @throws PersistitIOException
+     * @throws InvalidVolumeSpecificationException if the volume specification is invalid
+     * @throws CorruptVolumeException if the volume file is corrupt
+     * @throws PersistitIOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     public static boolean verifyVolumeHeader(final VolumeSpecification specification, final long systemTimestamp)
             throws CorruptVolumeException, InvalidVolumeSpecificationException, PersistitIOException {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeSpecification.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeSpecification.java
index 81097ea24c..a13cef9e3c 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeSpecification.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeSpecification.java
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ public VolumeSpecification(final String path, final String name, final int pageS
      * 
      * @param specification
      *            the specification String
-     * @throws InvalidVolumeSpecificationException
+     * @throws InvalidVolumeSpecificationException if the specification string is invalid
      */
 
     public VolumeSpecification(final String specification) throws InvalidVolumeSpecificationException {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeStorage.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeStorage.java
index cd5fe44c6d..8a3f70bb6e 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeStorage.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeStorage.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 
 package com.persistit;
@@ -40,8 +41,8 @@ abstract class VolumeStorage extends SharedResource {
     /**
      * Generate a random positive (non-zero) long value to be used as a
      * validation of a Volume's identity.
-     * 
-     * @return
+     *
+     * @return a random positive (non-zero) long identity value
      */
     protected static long generateId() {
         return (ID_GENERATOR.nextLong() & 0x0FFFFFFFFFFl) + 1;
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ boolean isReadOnly() {
 
     /**
      * @return the channel used to read and write pages of this volume.
-     * @throws PersistitIOException
+     * @throws PersistitIOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     abstract FileChannel getChannel() throws PersistitIOException;
 
@@ -87,20 +88,20 @@ boolean isReadOnly() {
      * Create a new <code>Volume</code> backing file according to the
      * {@link Volume}'s volume specification.
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     abstract void create() throws PersistitException;
 
     /**
      * Open an existing <code>Volume</code> backing file.
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     abstract void open() throws PersistitException;
 
     /**
      * @return <code>true</code> if a backing file exists on the specified path.
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     abstract boolean exists() throws PersistitException;
 
@@ -109,14 +110,14 @@ boolean isReadOnly() {
      * 
      * @return <code>true</code> if there was a file and it was successfully
      *         deleted
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     abstract boolean delete() throws PersistitException;
 
     /**
      * Force all file system buffers to disk.
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitIOException
+     * @throws PersistitIOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     abstract void force() throws PersistitIOException;
 
@@ -124,14 +125,14 @@ boolean isReadOnly() {
      * Close the file resources held by this <code>Volume</code>. After this
      * method is called no further file I/O is possible.
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     abstract void close() throws PersistitException;
 
     /**
      * Flush metadata to the volume backing store.
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     abstract void flush() throws PersistitException;
 
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeStorageT2.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeStorageT2.java
index f29945f51f..c3af912559 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeStorageT2.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeStorageT2.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 
 package com.persistit;
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ synchronized FileChannel getChannel() throws PersistitIOException {
      * Create a new <code>Volume</code> backing file according to the
      * {@link Volume}'s volume specification.
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     @Override
     void create() throws PersistitException {
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ void create() throws PersistitException {
     /**
      * Open an existing <code>Volume</code> backing file.
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     @Override
     void open() throws PersistitException {
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ void open() throws PersistitException {
 
     /**
      * @return <code>true</code> if a backing file exists on the specified path.
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     @Override
     boolean exists() throws PersistitException {
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ boolean exists() throws PersistitException {
      * 
      * @return <code>true</code> if there was a file and it was successfully
      *         deleted
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     @Override
     boolean delete() throws PersistitException {
@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ boolean delete() throws PersistitException {
     /**
      * Force all file system buffers to disk.
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitIOException
+     * @throws PersistitIOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     @Override
     void force() throws PersistitIOException {
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ void force() throws PersistitIOException {
      * Close the file resources held by this <code>Volume</code>. After this
      * method is called no further file I/O is possible.
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     @Override
     void close() throws PersistitException {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeStorageV2.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeStorageV2.java
index 8b4fe32699..a8c0ebca87 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeStorageV2.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeStorageV2.java
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ class VolumeStorageV2 extends VolumeStorage {
     /**
      * Generate a random positive (non-zero) long value to be used as a
      * validation of a Volume's identity.
-     * 
-     * @return
+     *
+     * @return a random positive (non-zero) long value identifying the volume
      */
 
     VolumeStorageV2(final Persistit persistit, final Volume volume) {
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ FileChannel getChannel() {
      * Create a new <code>Volume</code> backing file according to the
      * {@link Volume}'s volume specification.
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     @Override
     synchronized void create() throws PersistitException {
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ synchronized void create() throws PersistitException {
     /**
      * Open an existing <code>Volume</code> backing file.
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     @Override
     synchronized void open() throws PersistitException {
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ synchronized void open() throws PersistitException {
 
     /**
      * @return <code>true</code> if a backing file exists on the specified path.
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     @Override
     boolean exists() throws PersistitException {
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ boolean exists() throws PersistitException {
      * 
      * @return <code>true</code> if there was a file and it was successfully
      *         deleted
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     @Override
     boolean delete() throws PersistitException {
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ boolean delete() throws PersistitException {
     /**
      * Force all file system buffers to disk.
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitIOException
+     * @throws PersistitIOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     @Override
     void force() throws PersistitIOException {
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ void force() throws PersistitIOException {
      * Close the file resources held by this <code>Volume</code>. After this
      * method is called no further file I/O is possible.
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     @Override
     void close() throws PersistitException {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeStructure.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeStructure.java
index 1699726c0d..77652facc4 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeStructure.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/VolumeStructure.java
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ Exchange accumulatorExchange() throws BufferSizeUnavailableException {
      * page and all the index and data pages pointed to by that root page.
      * 
      * @return newly create NewTree object
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     private long createTreeRoot(final Tree tree) throws PersistitException {
         _persistit.checkSuspended();
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ private long createTreeRoot(final Tree tree) throws PersistitException {
      *         <code>createIfNecessary</code> is false and there is no such tree
      *         in this <code>Volume</code>.
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     public synchronized Tree getTree(final String name, final boolean createIfNecessary) throws PersistitException {
         if (DIRECTORY_TREE_NAME.equals(name)) {
@@ -235,9 +235,9 @@ public synchronized Tree getTree(final String name, final boolean createIfNecess
     /**
      * Helper method used by pruning. Allows access to directory tree by name.
      * 
-     * @param name
-     * @return
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @param name the tree name
+     * @return the <code>Tree</code> with the specified name, or <code>null</code> if none exists
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     Tree getTreeInternal(final String name) throws PersistitException {
         if (DIRECTORY_TREE_NAME.equals(name)) {
@@ -345,8 +345,8 @@ void deallocateTree(final long treeRootPage, final int treeDepth) throws Persist
     /**
      * Called by Exchange to recreate a Tree after a volume has been truncated.
      * 
-     * @param tree
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @param tree the <code>Tree</code> to recreate
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     void recreateTree(final Tree tree) throws PersistitException {
         Debug.$assert1.t(tree.getDepth() == -1);
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ void recreateTree(final Tree tree) throws PersistitException {
      * Flush dirty {@link TreeStatistics} instances. Called periodically on the
      * PAGE_WRITER thread from {@link Persistit#cleanup()}.
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     void flushStatistics() throws PersistitException {
         final List<Tree> trees = new ArrayList<Tree>();
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ void flushStatistics() throws PersistitException {
      * 
      * @return The array
      * 
-     * @throws PersistitException
+     * @throws PersistitException if a persistence error occurs
      */
     public String[] getTreeNames() throws PersistitException {
         final List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/CoderManager.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/CoderManager.java
index c896112202..c7d146c310 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/CoderManager.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/CoderManager.java
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ public interface CoderManager {
      * Return a <code>ValueCoder</code> for the supplied <code>Class</code>. If
      * there is none registered, implicitly create one and register it.
      * 
-     * @param clazz
+     * @param clazz The <code>Class</code>
      * @return The ValueCoder
      */
     public ValueCoder getValueCoder(Class<?> clazz);
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/CollectionValueCoder.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/CollectionValueCoder.java
index 97d1a6797f..b896fdc7ec 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/CollectionValueCoder.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/CollectionValueCoder.java
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ public void put(final Value value, final Object object, final CoderContext conte
      *            <code>null</code>.
      * @return An <code>Object</code> having the same class as the suppled
      *         <code>clazz</code> parameter.
-     * @throws ConversionException
+     * @throws ConversionException if the value cannot be converted
      */
     @Override
     public Object get(final Value value, final Class<?> clazz, final CoderContext context) throws ConversionException {
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ public Object get(final Value value, final Class<?> clazz, final CoderContext co
      *            operation. (See {@link CoderContext}.) The default value is
      *            <code>null</code>.
      * 
-     * @throws ConversionException
+     * @throws ConversionException if the value cannot be converted
      */
     @Override
     public void render(final Value value, final Object target, final Class clazz, final CoderContext context)
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ public void render(final Value value, final Object target, final Class clazz, fi
      *            operation. (See {@link CoderContext}.) The default value is
      *            <code>null</code>.
      * 
-     * @throws ConversionException
+     * @throws ConversionException if the value cannot be converted
      */
     @Override
     public void display(final Value value, final StringBuilder target, final Class<?> clazz, final CoderContext context)
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/EnumValueCoder.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/EnumValueCoder.java
index cb1449a4e9..e3bd0d2bf0 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/EnumValueCoder.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/EnumValueCoder.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /**
  * Copyright 2005-2012 Akiban Technologies, Inc.
- * 
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
+ *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ public void put(final Value value, final Object object, final CoderContext conte
      *            <code>null</code>.
      * @return An <code>Object</code> having the same class as the suppled
      *         <code>clazz</code> parameter.
-     * @throws ConversionException
+     * @throws ConversionException if the value cannot be converted
      */
     @Override
     public Object get(final Value value, Class clazz, final CoderContext context) throws ConversionException {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/HandleCache.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/HandleCache.java
index dd2599d93b..e656c9de0e 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/HandleCache.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/HandleCache.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 
 package com.persistit.encoding;
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ public interface HandleCache {
     /**
      * Store a supplied handle.
      * 
-     * @param handle
+     * @param handle the handle value to store
      * @throws IllegalStateException
      *             if there already is a non-matching non-zero handle stored
      */
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/KeyCoder.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/KeyCoder.java
index 64598ee048..6607d42ab1 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/KeyCoder.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/KeyCoder.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /**
  * Copyright 2005-2012 Akiban Technologies, Inc.
- * 
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
+ *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ public interface KeyCoder {
      *            application to convey an application-specific context for the
      *            operation. (See {@link CoderContext}.) The default value is
      *            <code>null</code>.
-     * @throws ConversionException
+     * @throws ConversionException if the value cannot be converted
      */
 
     public Object decodeKeySegment(Key key, Class<?> clazz, CoderContext context) throws ConversionException;
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ public interface KeyCoder {
      * 
      * @return whether this KeyCoder produces encodings guaranteed not to
      *         contain zero bytes
-     * @throws ConversionException
+     * @throws ConversionException if the value cannot be converted
      */
     public boolean isZeroByteFree() throws ConversionException;
 }
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/KeyDisplayer.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/KeyDisplayer.java
index b8aa6c579c..795a0fe9e1 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/KeyDisplayer.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/KeyDisplayer.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /**
  * Copyright 2005-2012 Akiban Technologies, Inc.
- * 
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
+ *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ public interface KeyDisplayer extends KeyCoder {
      *            operation. (See {@link CoderContext}.) The default value is
      *            <code>null</code>.
      * 
-     * @throws ConversionException
+     * @throws ConversionException if the value cannot be converted
      */
     public void displayKeySegment(Key key, Appendable target, Class<?> clazz, CoderContext context)
             throws ConversionException;
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/KeyRenderer.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/KeyRenderer.java
index 7a1e6fdbf9..9975a9e5e5 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/KeyRenderer.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/KeyRenderer.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 
 package com.persistit.encoding;
@@ -68,8 +69,8 @@ public interface KeyRenderer extends KeyCoder {
      *            application to convey an application-specific context for the
      *            operation. (See {@link CoderContext}.) The default value is
      *            <code>null</code>.
-     * 
-     * @throws ConversionException
+     *
+     * @throws ConversionException if the key segment cannot be converted into the target object
      */
     public void renderKeySegment(Key key, Object target, Class<?> clazz, CoderContext context)
             throws ConversionException;
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/ObjectCache.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/ObjectCache.java
index b5444e9b9a..c2553a143e 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/ObjectCache.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/ObjectCache.java
@@ -234,8 +234,8 @@ public synchronized Object getWithNull(final Key key) {
 
     /**
      * Indicates whether there is a value associated with the key.
-     * 
-     * @param key
+     *
+     * @param key the <code>Key</code> whose associated value is sought
      * @return <code>true</code> if the cache contains a representation of the
      *         value associated with the key; otherwise <code>false</code>
      */
@@ -331,8 +331,8 @@ private void resize() {
      * modestly, so it may be appropriate to raise the default dead count
      * threshold.
      * </p>
-     * 
-     * @param deadCountThreshold
+     *
+     * @param deadCountThreshold the number of dead references above which the cache is scanned and pruned
      */
     private void processQueue(final int deadCountThreshold) {
         while (_queue.poll() != null)
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/SerialValueCoder.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/SerialValueCoder.java
index 576b8e4ba0..eb5fcf62ce 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/SerialValueCoder.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/SerialValueCoder.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 
 package com.persistit.encoding;
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ public SerialValueCoder(final Class<?> clazz) {
      * @return An <code>Object</code> having the same class as the suppled
      *         <code>clazz</code> parameter.
      * 
-     * @throws ConversionException
+     * @throws ConversionException if the value cannot be converted
      */
     @Override
     public Object get(final Value value, final Class<?> clazz, final CoderContext context) {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/ValueCoder.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/ValueCoder.java
index e3b1028f3b..2024c4230f 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/ValueCoder.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/ValueCoder.java
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ public interface ValueCoder {
      *            <code>null</code>.
      * @return An <code>Object</code> having the same class as the suppled
      *         <code>clazz</code> parameter.
-     * @throws ConversionException
+     * @throws ConversionException if the value cannot be converted
      */
     public Object get(Value value, Class<?> clazz, CoderContext context) throws ConversionException;
 
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/ValueDisplayer.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/ValueDisplayer.java
index 75960d9368..3db32b67e5 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/ValueDisplayer.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/ValueDisplayer.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /**
  * Copyright 2005-2012 Akiban Technologies, Inc.
- * 
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
+ *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ public interface ValueDisplayer extends ValueCoder {
      *            operation. (See {@link CoderContext}.) The default value is
      *            <code>null</code>.
      * 
-     * @throws ConversionException
+     * @throws ConversionException if the value cannot be converted
      */
     public void display(Value value, StringBuilder target, Class<?> clazz, CoderContext context)
             throws ConversionException;
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/ValueRenderer.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/ValueRenderer.java
index 056fe628c8..873a99709d 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/ValueRenderer.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/encoding/ValueRenderer.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 
 package com.persistit.encoding;
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ public interface ValueRenderer extends ValueCoder {
      *            operation. (See {@link CoderContext}.) The default value is
      *            <code>null</code>.
      * 
-     * @throws ConversionException
+     * @throws ConversionException if the value cannot be converted
      */
     public void render(Value value, Object target, Class<?> clazz, CoderContext context) throws ConversionException;
 }
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/logging/DefaultPersistitLogger.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/logging/DefaultPersistitLogger.java
index e736af662e..ce58cb180c 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/logging/DefaultPersistitLogger.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/logging/DefaultPersistitLogger.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /**
  * Copyright 2005-2012 Akiban Technologies, Inc.
- * 
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
+ *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ public void open() throws Exception {
     /**
      * Closes the log file.
      * 
-     * @throws InterruptedException
+     * @throws InterruptedException if the thread is interrupted while waiting
      */
     @Override
     public void close() throws InterruptedException {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/logging/PersistitLogger.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/logging/PersistitLogger.java
index 783d61c6f7..dc799c2591 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/logging/PersistitLogger.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/logging/PersistitLogger.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 
 package com.persistit.logging;
@@ -49,14 +50,14 @@ public interface PersistitLogger {
     /**
      * Called when Persistit starts using the log.
      * 
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws Exception if the log cannot be opened
      */
     void open() throws Exception;
 
     /**
      * Called when Persistit stops using the log.
      * 
-     * @throws Exception
+     * @throws Exception if the log cannot be closed
      */
     void close() throws Exception;
 
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/mxbeans/CleanupManagerMXBean.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/mxbeans/CleanupManagerMXBean.java
index 120d958cfa..7f7b88b93a 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/mxbeans/CleanupManagerMXBean.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/mxbeans/CleanupManagerMXBean.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 
 package com.persistit.mxbeans;
@@ -101,7 +102,8 @@ public interface CleanupManagerMXBean {
      * Set the minimum interval in milliseconds between attempts to enqueue a
      * page needing to be pruned.
      * 
-     * @param delay
+     * @param delay the minimum interval in milliseconds between pruning enqueue
+     *            attempts
      */
     @Description("The minimum interval in milliseconds between attempts to enqueue a page needing to be pruned")
     public void setMinimumPruningDelay(long delay);
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/mxbeans/IOMeterMXBean.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/mxbeans/IOMeterMXBean.java
index 755fc0c024..7da5ffd26f 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/mxbeans/IOMeterMXBean.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/mxbeans/IOMeterMXBean.java
@@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ public interface IOMeterMXBean {
      * fixed-length record being added to the file. The resulting log file can
      * become extremely large.
      * 
-     * @param toFile
-     * @throws IOException
+     * @param toFile the path of the file into which I/O events should be logged, or null to disable logging
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
      */
     @Description("Path for diagnostic I/O log file - normally null")
     public void setLogFile(final String toFile) throws IOException;
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/mxbeans/ManagementMXBean.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/mxbeans/ManagementMXBean.java
index 428a1acc7c..a4cf90b3a2 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/mxbeans/ManagementMXBean.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/mxbeans/ManagementMXBean.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 
 package com.persistit.mxbeans;
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ public interface ManagementMXBean {
      * not registered.
      * 
      * @return the port
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     int getRmiPort() throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ public interface ManagementMXBean {
      * initialized
      * 
      * @return total number of transactions committed
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     long getCommittedTransactionCount() throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ public interface ManagementMXBean {
      * Persistit was initialized
      * 
      * @return total number of transactions rolled back
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     long getRollbackCount() throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ public interface ManagementMXBean {
      * or null if there are none.
      * 
      * @return array of volumes
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     Management.VolumeInfo[] getVolumes() throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ public interface ManagementMXBean {
      * @param max
      *            Maximum number of transactions to report on.
      * @return Report on the <code>max</code> longest-running transactions.
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     String transactionReport(int max) throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ public interface ManagementMXBean {
      * 
      * @return <code>true</code> if Persistit will suspend any attempt to update
      *         a <code>Volume</code>; otherwise <code>false</code>.
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     boolean isUpdateSuspended() throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -174,8 +175,8 @@ public interface ManagementMXBean {
      * enabled, Persistit will delay each Thread that attempts to perform an
      * update operation indefinitely.
      * 
-     * @param suspended
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @param suspended <code>true</code> to suspend all update operations; otherwise <code>false</code>
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     void setUpdateSuspended(boolean suspended) throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ public interface ManagementMXBean {
      * Flush and sync all dirty data in Persistit by invoking
      * {@link Persistit#flush} and {@link Persistit#force}.
      * 
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     void flushAndForce() throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -194,9 +195,9 @@ public interface ManagementMXBean {
      * {@link #launch(String)} method initiates the task in a new thread and
      * returns immediately.
      * 
-     * @param commandLine
+     * @param commandLine the command line specifying the task to execute
      * @return The final status of the Task, as a String
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     String execute(final String commandLine) throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -206,9 +207,9 @@ public interface ManagementMXBean {
      * starts the task in a new thread and returns immediately. In contrast, the
      * {@link #execute(String)} method completes the task before returning.
      * 
-     * @param commandLine
+     * @param commandLine the command line specifying the task to start
      * @return The taskId, as a String
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     String launch(final String commandLine) throws RemoteException;
 
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ public interface ManagementMXBean {
      * @param volumeName
      *            name of the volume to lookup
      * @return information about the volume, or null if none found
-     * @throws RemoteException
+     * @throws RemoteException if a remote communication error occurs
      */
     Management.VolumeInfo volumeByName(final String volumeName) throws RemoteException;
 }
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/policy/JoinPolicy.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/policy/JoinPolicy.java
index 2c2f813841..6f9de1b843 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/policy/JoinPolicy.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/policy/JoinPolicy.java
@@ -125,8 +125,8 @@ public int rebalanceFit(final Buffer leftBuffer, final Buffer rightBuffer, final
      * Determines whether two pages will be permitted to be rejoined during a
      * delete operation.
      * 
-     * @param buffer
-     * @param virtualSize
+     * @param buffer the <code>Buffer</code> that would receive the joined content
+     * @param virtualSize the proposed combined size in bytes of the joined pages
      * @return <code>true</code> if the buffer will accept content of the
      *         specified size
      */
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/ref/AbstractReference.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/ref/AbstractReference.java
index ea6a29bf4c..00d77fd9dd 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/ref/AbstractReference.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/ref/AbstractReference.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 
 package com.persistit.ref;
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ protected AbstractReference(final Object id, final Object referent) {
      * subsequent invocation of the <code>get</code> method will cause the
      * object to be looked up and instantiated.
      * 
-     * @param id
+     * @param id the persistent identifier
      */
     protected AbstractReference(final Object id) {
         _id = id;
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/ref/AbstractWeakReference.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/ref/AbstractWeakReference.java
index 0d273b80f4..01bb4b8aba 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/ref/AbstractWeakReference.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/ref/AbstractWeakReference.java
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ protected AbstractWeakReference(final Object id, final Object referent) {
      * subsequent invocation of the <code>get</code> method will cause the
      * object to be looked up and instantiated.
      * 
-     * @param id
+     * @param id the persistent identifier of the referent object
      */
     protected AbstractWeakReference(final Object id) {
         _id = id;
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/util/ArgParser.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/util/ArgParser.java
index e68aa7dfb8..418882d19f 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/util/ArgParser.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/util/ArgParser.java
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ public String getFlags() {
      * Return the boolean value of argument specified by its index in the
      * template
      * 
-     * @param index
+     * @param index the index of the argument in the template
      * @return the boolean value for the specified template item
      */
     public boolean booleanValue(final int index) {
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ public int getIntValue(final String fieldName) {
      * Return the integer value of argument specified by its index in the
      * template
      * 
-     * @param index
+     * @param index the index of the argument in the template
      * @return the int value for the specified template item
      */
     public int intValue(final int index) {
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ public long getLongValue(final String fieldName) {
     /**
      * Return the long value of argument specified by its index in the template
      * 
-     * @param index
+     * @param index the index of the argument in the template
      * @return the long value for the specified template item
      */
 
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ public long longValue(final int index) {
      * Return the String value of argument specified by its index in the
      * template
      * 
-     * @param index
+     * @param index the index of the argument in the template
      * @return the String value for the specified template item
      */
     public String stringValue(final int index) {
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ public String stringValue(final int index) {
      * Indicate whether the value returned for the specified field is the
      * default value.
      * 
-     * @param fieldName
+     * @param fieldName the argument name of the field to test
      * @return <code>true</code> if the field contains its default value
      */
     public boolean isSpecified(final String fieldName) {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/util/Debug.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/util/Debug.java
index 52a6e0d834..d2b5e70192 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/util/Debug.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/util/Debug.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 /**
  * Copyright 2005-2012 Akiban Technologies, Inc.
- * 
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
+ *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ public static String callStack(final int from, final int to) {
      * Set the suspend flag so that callers to the suspend method either do or
      * do not suspend.
      * 
-     * @param b
+     * @param b <code>true</code> to set the suspend flag, <code>false</code> to clear it
      */
     synchronized static void setSuspended(final boolean b) {
         if (b) {
diff --git a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/util/ThreadSequencer.java b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/util/ThreadSequencer.java
index c91d2e9ec4..98f6985c48 100644
--- a/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/util/ThreadSequencer.java
+++ b/persistit/core/src/main/java/com/persistit/util/ThreadSequencer.java
@@ -321,7 +321,8 @@ interface Sequencer {
          * MAX_LOCATIONS possible locations in code where a join point can
          * occur.
          * 
-         * @param location
+         * @param location the location at which the calling thread reaches a
+         *            join point
          */
         public void sequence(final int location);
 
diff --git a/persistit/ui/src/main/java/com/persistit/ui/ManagementSlidingTableModel.java b/persistit/ui/src/main/java/com/persistit/ui/ManagementSlidingTableModel.java
index 478a835bd1..c58e1a409a 100644
--- a/persistit/ui/src/main/java/com/persistit/ui/ManagementSlidingTableModel.java
+++ b/persistit/ui/src/main/java/com/persistit/ui/ManagementSlidingTableModel.java
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class ManagementSlidingTableModel extends ManagementTableModel {
      * <i>width</i> is a percentage of the total table width, and
      * <i>justification</i> is L, C or R.
      * 
-     * @param clazz
+     * @param clazz the management info class whose columns are displayed.
      */
 
     public ManagementSlidingTableModel(final Class clazz, final String className, final AdminUI ui)
diff --git a/persistit/ui/src/main/java/com/persistit/ui/ManagementTableModel.java b/persistit/ui/src/main/java/com/persistit/ui/ManagementTableModel.java
index 82876ac073..605919b962 100644
--- a/persistit/ui/src/main/java/com/persistit/ui/ManagementTableModel.java
+++ b/persistit/ui/src/main/java/com/persistit/ui/ManagementTableModel.java
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ public class ManagementTableModel extends AbstractTableModel {
      * <i>width</i> is a percentage of the total table width, and
      * <i>justification</i> is L, C or R.
      * 
-     * @param clazz
+     * @param clazz the management info class whose columns are displayed.
      */
 
     public ManagementTableModel(final Class clazz, String className, final AdminUI ui) throws NoSuchMethodException {
diff --git a/persistit/ui/src/main/java/com/persistit/ui/PersistitTableModel.java b/persistit/ui/src/main/java/com/persistit/ui/PersistitTableModel.java
index cdf6b90c9a..516cb58e5c 100644
--- a/persistit/ui/src/main/java/com/persistit/ui/PersistitTableModel.java
+++ b/persistit/ui/src/main/java/com/persistit/ui/PersistitTableModel.java
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * Copyright 2005-2012 Akiban Technologies, Inc.
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  * 
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ public class PersistitTableModel extends AbstractTableModel {
     /**
      * Establishes the supplied Exchange as the root of a display tree.
      * 
-     * @param exchange
+     * @param exchange the Exchange to establish as the root of the display tree.
      */
     public void setExchange(final Exchange exchange) {
         _exchange = exchange;
@@ -196,7 +197,7 @@ public int getColumnCount() {
     /**
      * Sets up the TableColumnModel for a supplied JTable
      * 
-     * @param table
+     * @param table the JTable whose column model is configured.
      */
     public void setupColumns(final JTable table) {
         final TableColumnModel tcm = table.getColumnModel();
diff --git a/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/ScriptRegistry.java b/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/ScriptRegistry.java
index eaea0f2732..049b7af23f 100644
--- a/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/ScriptRegistry.java
+++ b/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/ScriptRegistry.java
@@ -83,8 +83,12 @@ public interface ScriptRegistry extends SourceUnitObserver {
      * @throws NullPointerException
      *             if script is null.
      * @throws org.forgerock.json.JsonValueException
+     *             if the {@code script} JSON value is malformed or missing
+     *             required attributes.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
+     *             if the {@code script} value does not identify a valid script.
      * @throws ScriptException
+     *             if the script cannot be compiled or evaluated.
      */
     public ScriptEntry takeScript(JsonValue script) throws ScriptException;
 
diff --git a/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/engine/Utils.java b/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/engine/Utils.java
index 6901f6fd28..eb2d4ce1a3 100644
--- a/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/engine/Utils.java
+++ b/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/engine/Utils.java
@@ -211,10 +211,13 @@ private static Object deepCopy(Object source, final Stack<Pair<Object, Object>>
      * Executes the given script with the appropriate context information.
      *
      * @param context
+     *            the context information used to evaluate the script.
      * @param scriptPair
      *            The script to execute
-     * @return
+     * @return the result of evaluating the script, or {@code null} if no script
+     *         was provided.
      * @throws ResourceException
+     *             if the script is inactive or its evaluation fails.
      */
     public static Object evaluateScript(final Context context,
             final Pair<JsonPointer, ScriptEntry> scriptPair) throws ResourceException {
diff --git a/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/jsr223/ScriptExecutor.java b/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/jsr223/ScriptExecutor.java
index 23269f2bb3..3f7e9edd8e 100644
--- a/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/jsr223/ScriptExecutor.java
+++ b/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/jsr223/ScriptExecutor.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
  * with the fields enclosed by brackets [] replaced by
  * your own identifying information:
  * "Portions Copyrighted [year] [name of copyright owner]"
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 
 package org.forgerock.script.jsr223;
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ public boolean isSourceModified() {
     /**
      * Subclasses may implement this to provide any special handling required
      *
-     * @return
+     * @return the post-processed result.
      */
     protected abstract Object postProcess(Object result);
 
diff --git a/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/registry/ThreadClassLoaderManager.java b/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/registry/ThreadClassLoaderManager.java
index e58059b41e..4daf690bae 100644
--- a/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/registry/ThreadClassLoaderManager.java
+++ b/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/registry/ThreadClassLoaderManager.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
  * with the fields enclosed by brackets [] replaced by
  * your own identifying information:
  * "Portions Copyrighted [year] [name of copyright owner]"
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 
 package org.forgerock.script.registry;
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ private ThreadClassLoaderManager() {
     /**
      * Returns the thread-local instance of the manager.
      *
-     * @return
+     * @return the thread-local instance of the manager.
      */
     public static ThreadClassLoaderManager getInstance() {
         return instance.get();
diff --git a/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/scope/Function.java b/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/scope/Function.java
index 0c96babd3c..eb4cb67a1a 100644
--- a/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/scope/Function.java
+++ b/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/scope/Function.java
@@ -40,12 +40,15 @@ public interface Function<R> extends Serializable {
      * Computes a result, or throws an exception if unable to do so.
      *
      * @param scope
+     *            the parameter providing the scope available to the function.
      * @param callback
+     *            the callback function that may be invoked by this function.
      * @param arguments could be a single value or a List of values
      * @return computed result
      * @throws ResourceException
      *             if unable to compute a result
      * @throws NoSuchMethodException
+     *             if the requested method cannot be found.
      */
     R call(Parameter scope, Function<?> callback, Object... arguments)
             throws ResourceException, NoSuchMethodException;
diff --git a/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/source/ScriptSource.java b/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/source/ScriptSource.java
index 6b9c03d764..42b151f80b 100644
--- a/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/source/ScriptSource.java
+++ b/script/common/src/main/java/org/forgerock/script/source/ScriptSource.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
  * with the fields enclosed by brackets [] replaced by
  * your own identifying information:
  * "Portions Copyrighted [year] [name of copyright owner]"
+ * Portions Copyrighted 2026 3A Systems, LLC
  */
 
 package org.forgerock.script.source;
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ public interface ScriptSource extends SourceUnit {
 
     /**
      *
-     * @return
+     * @return the script names this source depends on.
      */
     ScriptName[] getDependencies();
 }
