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VirtualBox

VirtualBox is a virtualization program that manages VMs.

VirtualBox User Manual

Creating VMs

To create a VM you first need to download a VM image.
During the VM setup you will be asked to provide a VM image.
The VM will then be created.

Check if the VM has enough:

  • memory
  • disk space
  • processor cores

Guest additions

Guest additions allow data to be transferred between the VM and the host OS.

# Install guest additions
Open VM -> "Devices" -> "Insert Guest Additions" -> Install

Shared clipboard

# Share a copy-paste clipboard
Open VM -> "Devices" -> "Shared Clipboard"

Shared folders

# Shared folders
Open VM -> -> "Devices" -> "Shared Folders" -> "Shared Folders Settings" -> "Adds new shared folder"
# Recommended: Auto-mount and Make Permanent
# Restart is required

On Ubuntu run sudo usermod -a -G vboxsf User-Name to remove the You do not have the permissions necessary to view the contents of ‘shared_folder' error.

Networking

By default, one virtual network card is enabled and it is set to NAT (Network Address Translation).

Modes VM <-> Host VM1 <-> VM2 VM -> Internet VM <- Internet
Host-only + + - -
Internal - + - -
Bridged + + + +
NAT - - + Port forwarding
NAT Network - + + Port forwarding

NAT

Without port forwarding, the VM will be able to access the Internet.
With port forwarding, the VM could be accessed from the Internet.

Port forwarding NAT

Port forwarding is telling VirtualBox to which host ports it should listen.
When the host receives a packet, they are then resent to the VM on the specified port.
You can never have a service on a VM and on a host listen to the same port.

To configure port forwarding click on Settings -> Network -> choose a NAT adapter -> expand the options with Advanced -> click Port forwarding

Examples Protocol Host IP Host Port Guest IP Guest IP
Guest ssh tcp - 2222 - 22
Interface tcp 127.0.0.1 2222 - 22

Guest SSH: forward all TCP traffic arriving on any host interface via port 2222 to port 22 in the guest.
Interface: forward all TCP traffic arriving on the localhost interface (127.0.0.1) via port 2222 to port 22 in the guest.