diff --git a/.jules/bolt.md b/.jules/bolt.md
index f1a8c146..4c9247d6 100644
--- a/.jules/bolt.md
+++ b/.jules/bolt.md
@@ -77,3 +77,6 @@ Optimized metric route processing to O(N) by creating a mapping of routes direct
 ## 2024-07-13 - [Optimize Export Dictionary FK lookups]
 **Learning:** Found O(N * C * E) performance bottleneck in ERD export dictionaries due to repeated array searching with `edges.some()` inside a nested loop over nodes and columns.
 **Action:** Replace repeated linear array scans for edges by precomputing O(1) Set lookups of foreign key column handles per node before looping.
+## 2024-11-20 - Ensure ERD node edge handle compatibility after HandleId format changes
+**Learning:** ERD diagrams map edges explicitly via handle ID strings (e.g. `src-c-0069-0064`). When modifying handle generation functions (such as `sanitizeHandleId`, `sourceColumnHandleId`, `targetColumnHandleId`), one must also fix test assertions in downstream consumers like `exportMermaid` and `exportDictionaryCsv` which mock the exact output structure.
+**Action:** When updating a core string format function, always run a full repository search or full test suite locally before submitting to prevent silent breakage of dependent mock tests.
diff --git a/frontend/src/erd/handleUtils.test.ts b/frontend/src/erd/handleUtils.test.ts
index 0278739e..731e1649 100644
--- a/frontend/src/erd/handleUtils.test.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/erd/handleUtils.test.ts
@@ -3,24 +3,20 @@ import { sanitizeHandleId, sourceColumnHandleId, targetColumnHandleId } from './
 
 describe('handleUtils', () => {
   describe('sanitizeHandleId', () => {
-    it('should encode a simple ascii string', () => {
-      expect(sanitizeHandleId('id')).toBe('c-0069-0064');
-    });
-
-    it('should handle empty string', () => {
-      expect(sanitizeHandleId('')).toBe('c-empty');
-    });
-
-    it('should handle special characters', () => {
-      expect(sanitizeHandleId('user_id')).toBe('c-0075-0073-0065-0072-005f-0069-0064');
-    });
-
-    it('should handle unicode characters', () => {
-      expect(sanitizeHandleId('id_가')).toBe('c-0069-0064-005f-ac00');
-    });
-
-    it('should handle emojis', () => {
-      expect(sanitizeHandleId('id_🚀')).toBe('c-0069-0064-005f-1f680');
+    it.each([
+      ['simple ascii string', 'id', 'c-0069-0064'],
+      ['empty string', '', 'c-empty'],
+      ['special characters', 'user_id', 'c-0075-0073-0065-0072-005f-0069-0064'],
+      ['unicode characters', 'id_가', 'c-0069-0064-005f-ac00'],
+      ['emojis', 'id_🚀', 'c-0069-0064-005f-1f680'],
+      ['alphanumeric', 'id123', 'c-0069-0064-0031-0032-0033'],
+      ['spaces', 'user id', 'c-0075-0073-0065-0072-0020-0069-0064'],
+      ['special symbols', '!@#$%', 'c-0021-0040-0023-0024-0025'],
+      ['control characters', '\n\t', 'c-000a-0009'],
+      ['combining characters', 'e\u0301', 'c-0065-0301'],
+      ['emoji with zwj', '👨‍👩‍👦', 'c-1f468-200d-1f469-200d-1f466'],
+    ])('should handle %s', (_, input, expected) => {
+      expect(sanitizeHandleId(input)).toBe(expected);
     });
   });