From 86502e588326a61876b1d4065faba3e3965d6ca7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: seonghobae <8172694+seonghobae@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Aug 2026 13:06:52 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] =?UTF-8?q?=F0=9F=A7=AA=20=ED=85=8C=EC=8A=A4=ED=8A=B8?=
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---
 backend/tests/test_models.py | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 backend/tests/test_models.py

diff --git a/backend/tests/test_models.py b/backend/tests/test_models.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b49579b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tests/test_models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import datetime as dt
+from unittest import mock
+
+from app.models import utcnow
+
+def test_utcnow():
+    """Test that utcnow returns a timezone-aware datetime in UTC."""
+    now = utcnow()
+    assert isinstance(now, dt.datetime)
+    assert now.tzinfo is not None
+    assert now.tzinfo == dt.timezone.utc
+
+    # Assert it's reasonably close to the actual current time
+    assert (dt.datetime.now(dt.timezone.utc) - now).total_seconds() < 1.0
+
+@mock.patch("app.models.dt.datetime")
+def test_utcnow_calls_now(mock_datetime):
+    """Test that utcnow calls datetime.now with dt.timezone.utc."""
+    # Set up the mock to return a specific value
+    mock_now = mock.Mock()
+    mock_datetime.now.return_value = mock_now
+
+    # Call the function
+    result = utcnow()
+
+    # Verify datetime.now was called with UTC timezone
+    mock_datetime.now.assert_called_once_with(dt.timezone.utc)
+
+    # Verify it returns exactly what datetime.now returned
+    assert result == mock_now

From 3d89c86c2d46836cb20227cc6d4f5037b0aa61d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Seongho Bae <me@seonghobae.me>
Date: Fri, 7 Aug 2026 22:30:42 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] test(models): consolidate utcnow coverage contracts

---
 backend/tests/test_models.py | 22 +++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backend/tests/test_models.py b/backend/tests/test_models.py
index b49579b7..9021dfcd 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test_models.py
+++ b/backend/tests/test_models.py
@@ -3,28 +3,24 @@
 
 from app.models import utcnow
 
-def test_utcnow():
-    """Test that utcnow returns a timezone-aware datetime in UTC."""
+
+def test_utcnow() -> None:
+    """Verify that utcnow returns a timezone-aware UTC value near the current time."""
     now = utcnow()
     assert isinstance(now, dt.datetime)
-    assert now.tzinfo is not None
-    assert now.tzinfo == dt.timezone.utc
+    assert now.tzinfo is dt.timezone.utc
+
+    delta = dt.datetime.now(dt.timezone.utc) - now
+    assert abs(delta.total_seconds()) < 1.0
 
-    # Assert it's reasonably close to the actual current time
-    assert (dt.datetime.now(dt.timezone.utc) - now).total_seconds() < 1.0
 
 @mock.patch("app.models.dt.datetime")
-def test_utcnow_calls_now(mock_datetime):
-    """Test that utcnow calls datetime.now with dt.timezone.utc."""
-    # Set up the mock to return a specific value
+def test_utcnow_calls_now(mock_datetime: mock.Mock) -> None:
+    """Verify that utcnow delegates to datetime.now with the UTC timezone."""
     mock_now = mock.Mock()
     mock_datetime.now.return_value = mock_now
 
-    # Call the function
     result = utcnow()
 
-    # Verify datetime.now was called with UTC timezone
     mock_datetime.now.assert_called_once_with(dt.timezone.utc)
-
-    # Verify it returns exactly what datetime.now returned
     assert result == mock_now