diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/html4tree/main.kt b/src/main/kotlin/html4tree/main.kt
index b823123..e8acd01 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/html4tree/main.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/html4tree/main.kt
@@ -172,6 +172,16 @@ internal fun crawl_directories(
 
         // ⚡ Bolt Performance Optimization: 디렉토리 목록을 캐싱하여 중복된 I/O 시스템 호출을 줄임
         val dirFiles = listFiles(lle.file)
+
+        // The path can be replaced between the initial identity check and
+        // directory enumeration. Do not process or enqueue children from a
+        // snapshot whose post-listing identity is unreadable or different.
+        val postListingIdentity = readIdentity(lle.file)
+        if (!postListingIdentity.readable || currentIdentity.key != postListingIdentity.key) {
+            lle = ll.pull()
+            continue
+        }
+
         val dirFilesNames = dirFiles?.map { it.name }?.toTypedArray()
         val exclude = processIgnoreFile(lle.file, dirFilesNames)
 
diff --git a/src/test/kotlin/html4tree/MainTest.kt b/src/test/kotlin/html4tree/MainTest.kt
index 9f44b97..e993454 100644
--- a/src/test/kotlin/html4tree/MainTest.kt
+++ b/src/test/kotlin/html4tree/MainTest.kt
@@ -764,6 +764,77 @@ class MainTest {
         assertFalse(listed, "fileKey mismatch should skip child listing")
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun testDirectoryReplacementAfterListingIsRejected() {
+        val subdir = File(tempDir, "post_listing_swap")
+        subdir.mkdir()
+        val ll = LinkedList()
+        val entry = LinkedListEntry(subdir, 0)
+        entry.fileKey = "stable-key"
+        ll.push(entry)
+
+        var processed = false
+        var listed = false
+        var identityCalls = 0
+
+        crawl_directories(
+            ll,
+            -1,
+            processDirectory = { _, _, _ -> processed = true },
+            processIgnoreFile = { _, _ -> emptySet() },
+            listFiles = {
+                listed = true
+                emptyArray()
+            },
+            readAttributes = { _ -> createMockAttributes(isDir = true, isSymlink = false) },
+            readIdentity = {
+                identityCalls++
+                if (identityCalls == 1) {
+                    FileIdentity("stable-key", true)
+                } else {
+                    FileIdentity("replacement-key", true)
+                }
+            }
+        )
+
+        assertTrue(listed, "the initial identity should allow child listing")
+        assertEquals(2, identityCalls, "identity must be re-read after child listing")
+        assertFalse(processed, "a replaced directory must not be processed")
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDirectoryBecomingUnreadableAfterListingIsRejected() {
+        val subdir = File(tempDir, "post_listing_unreadable")
+        subdir.mkdir()
+        val ll = LinkedList()
+        val entry = LinkedListEntry(subdir, 0)
+        entry.fileKey = "stable-key"
+        ll.push(entry)
+
+        var processed = false
+        var identityCalls = 0
+
+        crawl_directories(
+            ll,
+            -1,
+            processDirectory = { _, _, _ -> processed = true },
+            processIgnoreFile = { _, _ -> emptySet() },
+            listFiles = { emptyArray() },
+            readAttributes = { _ -> createMockAttributes(isDir = true, isSymlink = false) },
+            readIdentity = {
+                identityCalls++
+                if (identityCalls == 1) {
+                    FileIdentity("stable-key", true)
+                } else {
+                    FileIdentity(null, false)
+                }
+            }
+        )
+
+        assertEquals(2, identityCalls, "identity must be re-read after child listing")
+        assertFalse(processed, "a directory that becomes unreadable must not be processed")
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun testProcessIgnoreFileWithIllegalArgumentPattern() {
         val tempDir = java.nio.file.Files.createTempDirectory("test").toFile()