diff --git a/l1-contracts/src/governance/Governance.sol b/l1-contracts/src/governance/Governance.sol
index 58f62df57860..d76046cff9e1 100644
--- a/l1-contracts/src/governance/Governance.sol
+++ b/l1-contracts/src/governance/Governance.sol
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import {CompressedProposal, CompressedProposalLib} from "@aztec/governance/libra
 import {ConfigurationLib} from "@aztec/governance/libraries/ConfigurationLib.sol";
 import {Errors} from "@aztec/governance/libraries/Errors.sol";
 import {ProposalLib, VoteTabulationReturn} from "@aztec/governance/libraries/ProposalLib.sol";
+import {CompressedTimeMath, CompressedTimestamp} from "@aztec/shared/libraries/CompressedTimeMath.sol";
 import {Timestamp} from "@aztec/shared/libraries/TimeMath.sol";
 import {IERC20} from "@oz/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
 import {SafeERC20} from "@oz/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
@@ -141,6 +142,7 @@ contract Governance is IGovernance {
   using ConfigurationLib for CompressedConfiguration;
   using CompressedConfigurationLib for CompressedConfiguration;
   using CompressedProposalLib for CompressedProposal;
+  using CompressedTimeMath for CompressedTimestamp;
   using BallotLib for CompressedBallot;
 
   IERC20 public immutable ASSET;
@@ -219,6 +221,14 @@ contract Governance is IGovernance {
    */
   uint256 public withdrawalCount;
 
+  /**
+   * @dev The earliest timestamp at which a user may complete a withdrawal after casting votes.
+   *
+   * Voting locks all of the voter's power until the latest proposal they voted on is executable, so a later
+   * configuration update cannot shorten the withdrawal delay for votes already counted under frozen proposal timing.
+   */
+  mapping(address user => Timestamp exitTimestamp) internal earliestVoteExit;
+
   /**
    * @dev Modifier to ensure that the caller is the governance contract itself.
    *
@@ -469,6 +479,13 @@ contract Governance is IGovernance {
       ballots[_proposalId][msg.sender] = userBallot.addNay(_amount);
       proposal.addNay(_amount);
     }
+    if (_amount > 0) {
+      Timestamp executionBuffer = Timestamp.wrap(Timestamp.unwrap(proposal.votingDelay.decompress()) / 5 + 1);
+      Timestamp executableAt = proposal.queuedThrough() + executionBuffer;
+      if (executableAt > earliestVoteExit[msg.sender]) {
+        earliestVoteExit[msg.sender] = executableAt;
+      }
+    }
 
     emit VoteCast(_proposalId, msg.sender, _support, _amount);
   }
@@ -738,9 +755,12 @@ contract Governance is IGovernance {
 
     uint256 withdrawalId = withdrawalCount++;
 
-    withdrawals[withdrawalId] = Withdrawal({
-      amount: _amount, unlocksAt: Timestamp.wrap(block.timestamp) + _delay, recipient: _to, claimed: false
-    });
+    Timestamp unlocksAt = Timestamp.wrap(block.timestamp) + _delay;
+    if (earliestVoteExit[_from] > unlocksAt) {
+      unlocksAt = earliestVoteExit[_from];
+    }
+
+    withdrawals[withdrawalId] = Withdrawal({amount: _amount, unlocksAt: unlocksAt, recipient: _to, claimed: false});
 
     emit WithdrawInitiated(withdrawalId, _to, _amount);
 
diff --git a/l1-contracts/test/governance/governance/scenarios/voteAndExitAfterConfigChange.t.sol b/l1-contracts/test/governance/governance/scenarios/voteAndExitAfterConfigChange.t.sol
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..07cbd2d49e7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/l1-contracts/test/governance/governance/scenarios/voteAndExitAfterConfigChange.t.sol
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
+pragma solidity >=0.8.27;
+
+import {GovernanceBase} from "../base.t.sol";
+import {EmptyPayload} from "../TestPayloads.sol";
+import {
+  IGovernance,
+  Configuration,
+  Proposal,
+  ProposalState,
+  Withdrawal
+} from "@aztec/governance/interfaces/IGovernance.sol";
+import {IPayload} from "@aztec/governance/interfaces/IPayload.sol";
+import {ConfigurationLib} from "@aztec/governance/libraries/ConfigurationLib.sol";
+import {Errors} from "@aztec/governance/libraries/Errors.sol";
+import {Timestamp} from "@aztec/core/libraries/TimeLib.sol";
+
+contract UpdateConfigurationPayload is IPayload {
+  IGovernance internal immutable GOVERNANCE;
+  Configuration internal configuration;
+
+  constructor(IGovernance _governance, Configuration memory _configuration) {
+    GOVERNANCE = _governance;
+    configuration = _configuration;
+  }
+
+  function getActions() external view override(IPayload) returns (IPayload.Action[] memory) {
+    IPayload.Action[] memory res = new IPayload.Action[](1);
+    Configuration memory updatedConfiguration = configuration;
+
+    res[0] = Action({
+      target: address(GOVERNANCE),
+      data: abi.encodeWithSelector(IGovernance.updateConfiguration.selector, updatedConfiguration)
+    });
+
+    return res;
+  }
+
+  function getURI() external pure override(IPayload) returns (string memory) {
+    return "UpdateConfigurationPayload";
+  }
+}
+
+contract VoteAndExitAfterConfigChangeTest is GovernanceBase {
+  address internal constant VOTER = address(0xb0b);
+  uint256 internal constant VOTER_POWER = 400e18;
+
+  function test_CannotFinalizeWithdrawBeforeVotedProposalIsExecutableAfterConfigReduction() external {
+    token.mint(VOTER, VOTER_POWER);
+    vm.startPrank(VOTER);
+    token.approve(address(governance), VOTER_POWER);
+    governance.deposit(VOTER, VOTER_POWER);
+    vm.stopPrank();
+
+    Configuration memory shortConfig = governance.getConfiguration();
+    shortConfig.votingDelay = ConfigurationLib.TIME_LOWER;
+    shortConfig.votingDuration = ConfigurationLib.TIME_LOWER;
+    shortConfig.executionDelay = ConfigurationLib.TIME_LOWER;
+
+    UpdateConfigurationPayload configPayload =
+      new UpdateConfigurationPayload(IGovernance(address(governance)), shortConfig);
+
+    vm.prank(address(governanceProposer));
+    governance.propose(configPayload);
+    uint256 configProposalId = governance.proposalCount() - 1;
+    Proposal memory configProposal = governance.getProposal(configProposalId);
+
+    vm.warp(block.timestamp + 200);
+
+    EmptyPayload laterPayload = new EmptyPayload();
+    vm.prank(address(governanceProposer));
+    governance.propose(laterPayload);
+    uint256 laterProposalId = governance.proposalCount() - 1;
+    Proposal memory laterProposal = governance.getProposal(laterProposalId);
+
+    vm.warp(Timestamp.unwrap(upw.pendingThrough(laterProposal)) + 1);
+
+    vm.startPrank(VOTER);
+    governance.vote(configProposalId, VOTER_POWER, true);
+    governance.vote(laterProposalId, VOTER_POWER, true);
+    vm.stopPrank();
+
+    Timestamp laterVoteExit = Timestamp.wrap(
+      Timestamp.unwrap(upw.queuedThrough(laterProposal)) + Timestamp.unwrap(laterProposal.config.votingDelay) / 5 + 1
+    );
+
+    vm.warp(Timestamp.unwrap(upw.queuedThrough(configProposal)) + 1);
+    assertEq(governance.getProposalState(configProposalId), ProposalState.Executable);
+    governance.execute(configProposalId);
+
+    Timestamp liveConfigUnlock = Timestamp.wrap(block.timestamp) + upw.getWithdrawalDelay(shortConfig);
+    assertLt(Timestamp.unwrap(liveConfigUnlock), Timestamp.unwrap(laterVoteExit));
+
+    vm.prank(VOTER);
+    uint256 withdrawalId = governance.initiateWithdraw(VOTER, VOTER_POWER);
+
+    Withdrawal memory withdrawal = governance.getWithdrawal(withdrawalId);
+    assertEq(withdrawal.unlocksAt, laterVoteExit);
+
+    vm.warp(Timestamp.unwrap(liveConfigUnlock));
+    vm.expectRevert(
+      abi.encodeWithSelector(
+        Errors.Governance__WithdrawalNotUnlockedYet.selector, Timestamp.wrap(block.timestamp), withdrawal.unlocksAt
+      )
+    );
+    governance.finalizeWithdraw(withdrawalId);
+
+    vm.warp(Timestamp.unwrap(withdrawal.unlocksAt));
+    assertEq(governance.getProposalState(laterProposalId), ProposalState.Executable);
+    governance.finalizeWithdraw(withdrawalId);
+  }
+}